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Evaluation, Accountability and Improvement in Education: Perspectives from the OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks ww.oecd.org/edu/evaluationpolicy Paulo Santiago Senior Analyst, Directorate for Education, OECD Improving Education through Accountability and Evaluation: Lessons from around the World International Conference Rome, 3 October 2012

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Page 1: Evaluation, Accountability and Improvement in Education ...€¦ · OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes 2. Key themes – The rise of

Evaluation, Accountability and  Improvement in Education: Perspectives 

from the OECD Review on Evaluation  and Assessment Frameworks

ww.oecd.org/edu/evaluationpolicy

Paulo SantiagoSenior Analyst, Directorate for Education, OECD

Improving Education through Accountability and Evaluation: Lessons from around the WorldInternational ConferenceRome, 3 October 2012

Page 2: Evaluation, Accountability and Improvement in Education ...€¦ · OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes 2. Key themes – The rise of

Outline

1.

OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for 

Improving School Outcomes

2.

Key themes

The rise of educational measurement and indicators development

The growing prominence of accountability as a purpose of evaluation

Establishing links to classroom practices

Building capacity for evaluation and assessment

Fostering synergies within the evaluation and assessment framework

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1. OECD Review on Evaluation and  Assessment Frameworks for 

Improving School Outcomes

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OBJECTIVES

Purpose: To explore how systems of evaluation and assessment can be used to 

improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. 

A Review of national approaches

to evaluation and assessment in school education 

[student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation, school leader 

appraisal, education system evaluation]

The Review:

Synthesises research‐based evidence on the impact of evaluation and 

assessment strategies and disseminate this knowledge among countries.

Identifies innovative and successful policy initiatives and practices.

Facilitates exchanges of lessons and dialogue.

Identifies

policy options for governments to consider.

Comprehensive approach: Investigation of each component individually, as well 

as the coherence of the framework as a whole (including the links between the 

different components).

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METHODOLOGY

Analytical strand• Identifying the key questions for analysis and the background information needed 

from countries

• Reviewing the literature and evidence on the impact of evaluation and 

assessment procedures

• Gathering data on countries’

policies and practices (Country Background Reports)

Country Review strand• Country Reviews provide specific advice to individual countries.

• OECD‐led Review Team with external experts

• The scope and focus is determined by the country in consultation

with the 

Secretariat

Synthesis report• Comparative report to analyse policy options and highlight good practices across 

countries.

Twenty six systems participating•

Australia, Austria, Belgium (Flemish Community), Belgium (French Community), Canada, Chile, 

Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Korea, Luxembourg, 

Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden, 

United Kingdom (Northern Ireland).

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2. Key themes

Page 7: Evaluation, Accountability and Improvement in Education ...€¦ · OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes 2. Key themes – The rise of

The rise of educational measurement and indicators development

Trends:–

The growing emphasis on measuring student outcomes; the proliferation of education 

indicators; and the establishment of education targets

Potential:–

Student outcomes as the focal point for analysis

Monitoring key student learning outcomes

Formative use of standardised tests

Hold stakeholders accountable

Challenges:–

Ensuring breadth of performance measures

Securing fair and meaningful comparisons

Avoiding detrimental effects of uses for accountability

Preventing dominance of quantitative over the qualitative

Options:–

Ensure policy making is informed by high quality measures, but not driven by their availability 

[the need to complement with qualitative analysis]

Ensure a broad approach to national monitoring

Clarity of purposes for the uses of standardised tests results

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Trends:–

Public reporting of school results (greater transparency, reporting requirements); rewards and 

sanctions on the basis of evaluation and assessment results (e.g.

teachers, schools).

Potential:–

Creation of incentives for improved performance –

opportunity to recognise and reward

Identification of underperformance

Facilitates school choice

Challenges:–

Range of potential detrimental effects (e.g. ‘teaching‐to‐the‐test”, “narrowing of curriculum”)

Accountability function of evaluation not to hinder the improvement function

Conveys a ‘control’, ‘compliance’, ‘measurement’

concept of evaluation

Focus on accountability as a result of a strong top‐down national vision of evaluation might 

constrain the ownership of E&A by school agents

Options:–

Communicate rationale for evaluation and assessment: objective is improvement

Build on a range of evaluation and assessment components achieving a variety of functions

Publication of quantitative data to be perceived as fair by schools set in a wider set of evidence 

(of a qualitative nature)

Establish safeguards against overemphasis on student standardised tests (more relevant for 

whole‐school evaluation)

The growing prominence of accountability as a purpose of evaluation

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Trends:–

There is often focus on structures, procedures, programmes and resources in a top‐down 

approach

Potential:–

National agendas for education to be strengthened by consistency

of evaluation procedures

Ensuring equity of objectives

Challenges:–

Evaluation and assessment have no value if they do not lead to the improvement of classroom 

practice and student learning

Improvement function accomplished more at a local level – need to secure adequate links to 

the classroom

Risks that evaluation procedures do not place adequate focus on what is arguably the most 

important area: teaching and learning

Options:–

Critical to ensure that the evaluation of teaching and learning quality is central to evaluation 

procedures

Build on teacher professionalism:Teachers to have ownership of student assessment, build teachers’

ability to assess against educational standards, 

teachers to be involved in school evaluation, emphasis on teacher evaluation for the continuous improvement 

of teaching practices.

Establishing links to classroom practices

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Trends:Evaluation and assessment policies often introduced with no due attention to capacity 

development (e.g. competencies for evaluation and assessment)

Challenges:Legitimacy of evaluators and accountability procedures

The effectiveness of evaluation relies to a great extent on ensuring that both those who design and 

undertake evaluation activities as well as those who use their results have the proper skills and 

competencies.

Examples of areas for capacity development: standardised test development; formative assessment; assessment 

against standards; running systems of externally‐based student examinations; analytical capacity in education 

agencies to use system level information; data handling skills of school agents; formal evaluators of individual 

school agents; competencies for classroom observation.

Options:–

Sustaining efforts to improve the capacity for evaluation and assessment

Strengthen school leaders’

capacity for school development and instructional leadership

Ensuring support from the centre and identification of best practice

Need for a strong capability at the national level to steer evaluation

Building capacity for evaluation and assessment

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Trends:–

Most countries do not have an integrated evaluation and assessment framework but instead a 

series of components operating at different levels that developed independently of each other 

over time.

Potential:–

Build synergies

Generate complementarities

Avoid duplication

Prevent inconsistency of objectives

Challenges and options:Establishing articulations within the evaluation and assessment framework

Within specific components of the overall E&A framework

e.g. teacher appraisal and teacher professional development; self‐

and external school evaluation.

Between specific components of the overall E&A framework

e.g. teacher appraisal, school evaluation and school development; school evaluation and system 

evaluation; school evaluation and the appraisal of school principals.

Processes to ensure the consistency of E&A procedures

Moderation processes for teacher appraisal and teacher‐based assessment

Clarity of responsibilities across the framework

Fostering synergies within the evaluation and assessment framework

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Thank you for your attention!

[email protected]

www.oecd.org/edu/evaluationpolicy