evaluating wastewater reuse solutions in municipal and ... d/evaluating... · a solution to treat...
TRANSCRIPT
Evaluating Wastewater Reuse
Solutions in Municipal and
Industrial Applications
Joseph Sebastian
Siemens LLC
March 2009
© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved
Wastewater reuse with advanced
membrane filtration and reverse
osmosis is providing significant
economic and environmental gains
in water-stressed regions globally
Introduction / Contents
Contents
• Growth of Reuse 2
• Applications 6
• Key technologies 10
SAWEA Water Arabia - Bahrain
Industry Experts Expect a 180% Increase in Water
Reuse Over the Next Decade
Water Reuse stakeholders rely on
innovative process technology to
enable diverse water reuse
solutions.
Increasingly, water reuse is a key
part of many water resource
management plans.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2005 2010 2018
Mil
lio
ns o
f G
all
on
s / D
ay
Global Water Reuse
Year
Snapshot of Global Water Reuse Market
MarketCapacity by
2015 (m3 / day)
Annual
Increase
Expenditure
(Billions)
China 10,790 29 % $ 3.615
Middle East 5,589 12 % $ 7.053
USA 4,473 12 % $ 5.636
Western Europe 3,895 10 % $ 5.534
South Asia 3,750 14 % $ 1.500
Approximately 59% of additional capacity will involve tertiary or further
treatment.
The remainder will involve secondary treatment only, predominantly in
emerging markets.
Population Growth
Strong political support for Water Reuse especially in USA, Europe & Australia
Growing environmental concerns about discharges restrict the desalination market and drive forward the water reuse market
Key markets such as China, Middle East & North Africa have limited wastewater infrastructure in terms of collection and treatment.
Significant investment in building new wastewater infrastructure dramatically increases the availability of wastewater for reuse
Global Water Market Drivers are a Result of Mega-
Trends
The multiple barrier approach
and maturity of membrane
technologies in the wastewater
treatment sector have broadened
the scope of the wastewater reuse
market.
Water Reuse delivers economic benefits over
alternative additional water sources
Lower TDS than sea water or most
brackish waters, hence lower pressure
operation and higher recovery for RO –
significantly lower energy consumption
Collection already in place – low cost
of source development
Biological treatment provides stable
feed quality – compare to variable
quality of surface water or coastal
water (red tide / algal blooms, storm
events)
Lower salinity of wastewater reduces energy
consumption for reuse vs seawater desalination
Process
(kWh/m3)
Pretreatment
energy
(kWh/m3)
RO energy
(kWh/m3)
Total
(kWh/m3)
Surface Water
Treatment0.15-0.3
UF/RO reuse 0.1-0.2 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.7
MBR/RO
reuse0.8-1.0 0.4-0.5 1.2-1.5
Seawater
desal0.3-1.0 2.0-3.0 2.3-4.0
Source: Pearce, G. K., Desalination, 222,66-73 (2008).
0
1
2
3
4
Energy
kWh/m3
Surface
Wat
er
UF/R
O re
use
MB
R/RO
reuse
Seaw
ater D
esa;
Red tide / algae bloom events complicate seawater
RO pretreatment
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
TOTAL OPERATING TIME, HRS
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E C
OR
RE
CT
ED
TM
P,
PS
I
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SD
I o
r T
urb
idit
y (
NT
U)
TEMP CORRECTED TMP, PSI, SCREEN PERMEATE SDI FEED TURBIDITY (NTU)
run 7
run 8run 9
run 10
run 11
run 12run 13
run 14
run 15
run 16
Low Algae
High Algae / Red Tide
Typical Applications for Water
Reuse
© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved
Applications for Secondary Wastewater Effluent
Surface irrigation of orchards and
vineyards
Non-food crop irrigation
Wetlands, wildlife habitat &
stream augmentation
Industrial cooling process
Groundwater recharge of non-
potable aquifer
Restricted landscape
impoundment
Applications for Tertiary / Quaternary treated
Wastewater Effluent
Food crop irrigation
Landscape and golf course
watering
Vehicle cleaning
Unrestricted recreational
impoundment
Toilet flushing
Industrial process water
Indirect potable reuse
Groundwater recharge of potable
aquifer
Surface water augmentation
Key Technologies for Reuse
© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved
Process Flowsheets for Advanced Reuse
Schutzvermerk / Copyright-Vermerk© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved
Membrane Bioreactor
Key Technologies for Reuse
MBR Water Reuse Plants are Growing in Size
Olympia, Washington, USA: Martin Way Plant 2MGD (8 MLD)
Satellite reclaim installation
Groundwater recharge
Sydney, Australia: North Head Plant 0.5 MGD (2 MLD)
Installation at local WWTP
Utility water
Bei Xiao He, China: Olympic Park Village 17 MGD (64 MLD)
Largest MBR reuse plant in the world
Irrigation & utility
Olympic Village uses reuse water for fountains
and lakes
Challenge Solution
Benefits
Three months before the start of the Beijing
Olympic games, Bei Xiao He WWTP needed
a solution to treat wastewater for reuse.
Memjet Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system
is able to meet the city’s goal of processing
90% of the city’s wastewater, with 50%
planned for recycle and reuse
Technology was able to meet city’s treatment
goals and be ready in time for Olympic
games.
•Fit into plant’s existing space
•Doubled the plant's capacity
•Short installation and startup
Small plant size, new construction, nutrient
removal needs all favor MBR option
Factors favoring MBR in reuse process
Smaller plant size (< 20 MGD)
favors MBR
New construction or capacity
expansion of WWTW
New nutrient removal requirement
New requirement for WWTW odor
control
Membrane Filtration
Key Technologies for Reuse
© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved
Membrane Filtration
Ultrafiltration Membranes offer a
verifiable physical barrier, flexibility
to adapt to changing conditions, are
fully automatic and frequently
provide the lowest cost per treated
volume.
Portfolio
Memcor® CS submerged
systems
Memcor® CP pressurized
systems
Membrane Systems to Fit Your Needs
Submerged
Memcor® CS systems employ
modules immersed in the feedwater
as filtrate is drawn through the
membranes.
The open tank configuration allows
for visual inspection, simple
membrane installation and removal.
Ideally suited for retrofit of
conventional filtration basins,
capacity can be more than doubled
in the same space while improving
finished water quality without the
need for chemical pretreatment.
Membrane Systems to Fit Your Needs
Pressurized
Memcor® CP systems employ
modules contained in pressure
vessels as feedwater is pumped
through the membranes.
The modular “building-block”
configuration simplifies the design,
installation, and makes operation
easy.
The compact design reduces
overall system footprint, allowing up
to 6 MGD (23 MLD) of treated
water capacity on one skid.
Advantages of Ultrafiltration Membranes for Reuse
High Quality Water: Physical barrier, 0.04 micron, Title 22 approved
Simplified Design: Small footprint, reduced process steps
Multiple Reuse Options: Preferred pre-treatment to RO, SDI<2
Low Maintenance: Fully automated, no coagulant needed
Proven Performance: Most installations, longest experience
Ultrafiltered water for a Golf Course in Dubai
Benefits
High-quality irrigation and district cooling make-
up water will keep this high quality golf course in
perfect condition.
Reduced demand on potable water supply will
free up desalinated water for potable reuse.
New regulations restrict the use of desalinated water in district cooling plants.
Challenge Solution
Using the Memcor® CP membrane filtration system to treat secondary effluent from the main city STP as pretreatment to RO, the new water source will be used for the district cooling plant as well as for irrigating the golf course.
Meeting the Needs of Refineries and Communities
Benefits
For 10 years, the technical and economic
advantages of membrane filtration have proven
to be invaluable. By reclaiming wastewater, a
sustainable water supply for industries and
communities has been established.
Lime-softening and sand filtration of secondary effluent at the West Basin Water Recycling Facility in El Segundo, CA had proven to be too costly and not effective to prevent RO membranes from fouling.
Challenge Solution
From 1997 through 2002, Memcor® CP membrane filtration systems were phased in to supply high-quality water for local refineries as the conventional treatment was phased out. In 2004, Memcor® CS filtration systems were added for a total capacity of over 30 MGD (113 MLD).
Membrane Filtration favored over MBR for larger
plants, retrofit to existing WWTW, RO pretreatment
Factors favoring selection of
Membrane Filtration
Larger plant size (> 20 MGD)
Retrofit to existing WWTW vs new
construction or WWTW expansion
Summary
Advanced reuse applications are
growing rapidly driven by major trends
of population growth in water stressed
regions
Water Reuse has significant economic
advantages over other alternative
water sources
Membrane Bioreactor and Membrane
Filtration are key enabling technologies
for advanced reuse
© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved
Thank you for your attention