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Gas Turbines of the FutureProviding Cleaner Power for Europe and the World

(www.came-gt.com)

ObjectivesThe Thematic Network Cleaner and More Efficient Gas Turbines (CAME-GT)

brings together research projects in gas turbine technology from Framework IV,

Framework V and national programmes. The objectives are to increase the effi-

ciency of gas turbine plant whilst at the same time reducing green house gas

emissions. Achieving these objectives will help preserve the eco-system and

assist the EU to achieve its commitment to the Kyoto target of 8% reduction in

CO2 emissions whilst maintaining the quality of life of its citizens through the

supply of adequate amounts of power. Bringing together researchers from

across the EU and pre-Accession Countries will enable the gas turbine sector in

the EU to remain competitive in world markets helping to secure employment

and promoting social cohesion with less favoured regions.The Network will operate through Workshops and Conferences and will disse-

minate information through its web sitewww.came-gt.com

Problems to be solvedIn the last 15 years there has been an enormous increase in the power and effi-

ciency of gas turbine plant. Before 1990, gas turbine/steam turbine combined

cycles rarely exceeded 100MW output and struggled to reach 45% efficiency.

With the increasing availability of natural gas in the 1990s, gas turbine technolo-

gy has progressed rapidly and an order has recently been announced for a com-

bined cycle plant with 60% efficiency. Sizes have also increased and 450MW

from a gas turbine and a steam turbine on a single shaft are now common.

As gas turbines increase in efficiency and reduce their emissions there are

numerous technical problems to be solved to maintain progress. Advances in

thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, materials, structural analysis,

control, instrumentation, risk assessment, cost reduction and design are all vital

to achieve the targets set by the Framework programme for gas turbines. The

FPV Targets for gas turbines are:

Targets for the reduction in cost of electricity for gas turbine plant have been set

at between 1-2%/annum.

At the same time as progress was being made on the largest gas turbines, dere-

gulation of the electricity market in a number of countries has started a trend

towards distributed power, and has increased emphasis on small (5-30MW)

and medium sized gas turbine plant (30-150MW)

A further development relates to small machines, where ceramic components

and complex cycles, including regenerators, have been used to reach efficien-

cies of over 40%. Gas turbines are now also penetrating the renewables mar-

ket using biomass fuels from waste and crops such as willow coppice.

Top Research ProjectsCAME-GT co-ordinates RTD projects from the Framework V EESD programmecovering gas turbine technology. The projects are grouped in Four Clusters as

follows:

In the Turbomachinery Cluster:

Design and off-design optimisation of highly loaded industrial gas turbine

stages (DAIGTS)

The objective is to improve turbine efficiency by 4%, to help move small-

medium gas turbines into the 35% efficiency target

Development of innovative techniques for compressor aero-mechanical desi-

gn (DITCAD)

The project aims to enhance the characteristics of heavy-duty gas turbines

by the introduction of advanced axial compressor designs.

In the Materials Cluster:

CMC Integration and demonstration for gas turbine engines (CINDERS)

The objective is to develop technology to allow use of CMC combustors with

an internal wall temperature of 1450C

Advanced long life blade coatings (ALLBATROS)

The aim is to increase the efficiency, reliability and maintainability of gas

turbine blades and vanes by developing and evaluating new high-resistant

coatings.

In the Combustion Cluster:

Flame Sensors for gas turbine engine cycles (FLAMESEEK)

The Project aims to improve combustion systems for mixed air-steam com-

bustion

Prediction and control of Combustion instabilities in tubular and annular gas

turbine combustion systems (PRECCINSTA)

The objective is to understand, control and predict the causes of instability

in lean-mix combustion

Low NOx Combustor for high efficiency gas turbines (FLOXCOM)

The objective is to develop an innovative multiple fuel combustor for small-scale

gas turbines, suitable for operation at high temperature with low NOx levels.

New Combustion systems for gas turbines (FLAMME)

The project aims to validate the performance of new pre-mix combustionsystems.

In the Systems Cluster:

Research and development of high efficiency components for an inter-

cooled, recuperated CHP gas turbine for combined heat and power (CHEP)

The aim of the project is to design and test critical and innovative compo-

nents for an ICR machine in the range 200-350kW.

Thermo-economic optimisation of whole gas turbine plant (GT-POM)

The object is to develop a computational tool to allow the concurrent inte-

gration and optimisation of gas turbine system performance, lifecycle costs

and environmental impact

Combined cycle power plant with integrated low temperature heat (LOTHECO)

The aim is to develop a system, which makes use of low temperature waste

heat for the evaporation of water droplets in wet gas turbine cycles.

A Strong PartnershipThe Network is led by major European gas turbine companies, ALSTOM

Power, Siemens, MGB, Rolls Royce and Ansaldo. They are supported by DLR

of Germany, Vrije Universiteit of Brussels, Gastec NV of the Netherlands. Just

recently the Network has been joined b y the Ljubljana Turboinstitut of Slovenia

to begin the introduction of pre-Accession Country researchers into the

Network. The Technology Clusters are led by ALSTOM Power, Siemens and

MGB. Gastec and RR are responsible for a Workpackage covering exploita-

tion and dissemination of research results; VUB is running the Workpackage on

Training of gas turbine researchers and Ansaldo a Workpackage covering pre-normative research for gas turbines. The Network is co-ordinated by ALSTOM

Power who are also responsible for the RTD Strategy Workpackage.

Progress to dateThe Thematic Network held its first Combined Cluster Workshop in Brussels in

February 2001. All the projects in the Network (except FLAMME, which has

only recently started) made presentations of their objectives and programmes.

The workshop was attended by representatives from 12 of the 15 member

states of the EU and national programmes from Germany, Sweden, UK, Italy

and the Netherlands were presented. A web site has been set up (www.came-

gt.com) and a report of the meeting and the presentations are available on the

site. The Second Combined Cluster Workshop is scheduled for 4th October

2001 in Brussels. Representatives from all member states have been invited

together with a small number of researchers from the pre-Accession Countries.

The draft Agenda is published on the Web site and information will be added,

as it becomes available.

The future for gas turbinesAll projections for energy use, predict a sound future for gas turbine plant so

long as the plant continues to use fewer resources by becoming more efficient

and reducing emissions by becoming cleaner. This sets major challenges for

gas turbine researchers and designers. Future gas turbines will need to reach

50% efficiency in single cycle and over 65% in combined cycle. There will be

a trend towards Zero Emission Plant (ZEP), with no emissions to atmosphere

and any output (e.g.CO2) disposed of in an environmentally benign way. Even

higher efficiencies will be achieved by combining gas turbines with fuels cells,

once the latter have reached suitable scale, cost and reliability, and gas tur-

bines will continue to contribute to renewable energy through the increasing

use of bio-fuels from waste and dedicated crops.

All these developments will not happen b y accident and their achievement will

set major challenges to gas turbine researchers and designers. Future gas tur-

bine RTD in Europe will develop within a European Research Area, which will

bring together EU and national programmes within member states of the EU

and extend to researcher from pre-Accession countries.

References : ENK5-CT-2000-20062

Programme : FPV Energie

Title : Thematic Network Cleaner and MoreEfficient Gas Turbines (CAME-GT)

Partners : ALSTOM Power (Co-ordinator)Rolls Royce - MGB - DLR - VUB - Gastec - SiemensAnsaldo Ljubljana Turboinstitut

Type of Gas Turbine Combined Cycle/ Advanced Open Small GasAdvancedCycle Cycle Turbine

Ef fic ie ncy Me diu m Te rm % >60 50 35Efficiency Long Term % >65

Availability % >90

Reliability Medium Term % 95

Reliability Longer Term % 97

NOx Emissions (ppmv)