ASSALAMO

ALAIKUMMade by:

Shumaila Naeem

CERTIFICATEIt is to certify that I SHUMAILA NAEEM has completed PPT on Eutrophication, with the help of my Biology teacher and my parents.I am grateful to them. Thanking You all.

CONTENT1.Eutrophication

2.Process of Eutrophication3.Causes of Eutrophication

4.Steps of Eutrophication5.Impact of Eutrophication

6.Conclusion

…..EUTROPHICATION

EUTROPHICATION

EUTROPHICATIONHarmful changes in water caused by too much fertilizer or nutrients getting into

the water.

Compare these 2 ponds, the bottom one experiencing

eutrophication.

When lakes, streams and estuaries are overfertilized, excessive production of aquaticorganic matter can become a water qualityproblem and as a result the Eutrophication process can be enhanced!

After Eutrophication

Before Eutrophication

Before Eutrophication

After Eutrophication

Eutrophication is a natural process!

However, humans in their everyday activities can exacerbate the process:

Point sources (can locate the cause) Sewage treatment plant discharges Storm sewer discharges Industrial dischargesNon-point sources (can’t locate the cause,

it’s everywhere) Atmospheric deposition Agricultural runoff (fertilizer, soil erosion) Septic systems

Three Causes of Eutrophication:

Fertilizer or manure runoff from farmland.Improper disposal of sewage.Chemical and industrial waste.

1. Fertilizer flows into water causing….

2. Increased plant growth on the surface of water, causing…..3. Decreased light in lower levels of water, causing…

4. Plants in lower levels of water to die, causing….5. Decay using up O2 and increasing CO2,causing…...

6. Death of fish and other animals.

STEPS OFEUTROPHICATION

LACK OF OXYGEN

GROWTH OF BACTERIA

DEATH OF PLANTS

SUFFOCATION

GROWTH OF PLANTS

ADDITION OF NITRATES

Eutrophication process in 6 stages

Before increases in nutrients:Before increases in nutrients:

Acceleration of Eutrophication :

Results of Eutrophication :

These fish died due to Eutrophication removing the oxygen.

Fishes died due to the result of Eutrophication

Because of Toxicity.

                                                                                                       

                 

Photo 1: Algal bloom in a lake.

Algal bloom in a lake.

Fish mortality due to lack of oxygen in an Indonesian lake.

TOXICITY:  Algal blooms,

otherwise called "nuisance algae" or

"harmful algal blooms",

are toxic to plants and

animals

Difference After Eutrophication:

Blue Baby SyndromeBlue Baby Syndrome - An illness that begins when large amounts of nitrates in water are ingested by an infant and converted to nitrite by the digestive system. He nitrite then reacts with ox hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying blood protein) to form metheglobin, which cannot carry oxygen. If a large enough amount of metheglobin is formed in the blood, body tissues may be deprived of oxygen, causing the infant to develop a blue coloration of their mucous membranes and possibly digestive and respiratory problems. This condition is also known as methemoglobinemia.

                                                                                                                        

: Overgrowth of floating aquatic plants.

ConclusionEutrophication can be avoided by using minimal required amounts of chemical fertilizers or better still do away with them and use natural ones instead. Be sure not to have the fields close to the water bodies. Take extra care while using fertilizers during monsoons as due to run - off, they get transmitted to the water bodies. Then , they can cause blockage of water ways, death of marine life n breakage of food chain.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

NOTES which Mam had gave.

http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070303105817AANPIba

JAZAKALLAH