eurotiox ®, the most cost-effective antioxidant eurotiox
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOXEUROTIOX
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
•SERIES OF DESTRUCTIVE CHEMICAL PROCESSES
•OCCURS IN ORGANIC MATERIALS
•CHANGES THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF AFFECTED MOLECULES
•INCREASINGLY FAST
•ROOM TEMPERATURE REACTION
•CAUSES RANCIDITY IN FATS, OILS
AUTOXIDATION
BIOTIN
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Oxidation Oxidation influencedinfluenced by: by:
Moisture: free water in raw material and feed
Catalysts: metals promoting free radical formation,
Light: promotes oxidation
Temperature: increase oxidation also during cooling
Contact with air: improves peroxide formation
Enzymes: lipase, lipoxygenase
Time: storage time, production
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Aldehydes from Fat Autoxidation
Carbonyls Flavours Threshold (ppm)
2-Decenal 5.52-Undecenal 4.22-Nonenal 0.12-Octenal 1.0Hexanal 0.152-Heptenal 0.63Heptenal 0.042Nonanal 0.32Octanal 0.0682-4=Decadienal 0.284 cis-Heptenal 0.0014-trans-Heptenal 0.324 trans, 6-trans Nonadienal 0.0012 trans, 6-cis Nonaienal 0.002
Frankel, 1984
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
THE INFLUENCE OF OXIDISED FAT ON THE MICRO-FLORA IN BROILERS
(11 DAYS)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Facult.Anaerobes
E.coli Lactobacilli
Fat
Fat + AO
Oxidised Fat
Oxidised Fat + AO
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
TOXIC METABOLITES OF FAT OXIDATION
FROM: Poul. Sci. Abstracts (1994) Vol. 73, Suppl. 1, pg 47.
Shorten small intestine villi length
Reduce nutrient adsorption
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Autoxidation and Animal production Reduced Egg production in laying hens (72%)
(Voreck & Kirehgessner, 1981) Autoxidation products are cancernogenic
(Morita et al., 1983) Even low increase in Peroxide Value (>7 meq/kg) has a significant
effect on Feed Conversion Ratio (Cabel et al., 1988) Rancid Feed has an impact on the gastro-intestinal Structure, Cell
proliferation and intestinal Microflora (Shermer et al., 1995) Oxidised vegetable oil in Broiler feed reduces growth rate (5%)
(Engberg et al 1996) Rancid fish oil induced anaemia in Mink, reduced iron absorption
(Borsting et al., 1994)
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Effect of peroxides on broiler Effect of peroxides on broiler performances (49 days)performances (49 days)University of ArkansasUniversity of Arkansas
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,9
2
2,1
2,2
2,3
0 2 4 7Feed Peroxide value (meq/kg feed)
FCR Body weight (kg)
Cabel, M. C., P. W. Waldroup, W. D. SHermer and D. F. Calabotta (1989), Poultry Science 67: 1725-1730
+ 4.78 %
- 6.29 %
a ab bc
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Effect of raw material quality on broiler Effect of raw material quality on broiler performances (56 days)performances (56 days)
INTA (Argentina)INTA (Argentina)
1,5
1,7
1,9
2,1
2,3
2,5
2,7
2,9
2 30 68 120Meat meal Peroxide value (meq/kg) used in broiler feed
Body weight (kg) FCR
Schang et al. - 1987
- 10.69 %
+ 6.43 %
aa a
aa a
b
b
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
1) Initiation phaseRH -----> R° + H°RH -----> R° + H°
2) Propagation phase
3) Termination phase
ROO° + ROO° ---> stable end productsROO° + ROO° ---> stable end products
R° + O2 ----> ROO°R° + O2 ----> ROO°
ROO° + RH ----> ROOH + R°ROO° + RH ----> ROOH + R°
Fat molecule Free radical
(peroxide)
(aldehydes, ketones, short chain fatty acids)
The three stages of The three stages of OXIDATIONOXIDATION
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Oxidation Process involving Oxidation Process involving Oxygen & lipidsOxygen & lipids
Lipids
temp.CatalystsLight AirTime
Damage critical nutrients
Oxygen forms
• Reaction with cell membranes• Toxic for animals• Destruction of fat soluble vitamins• Reduction of performances
AldehydesKetons
• Rancidity• Reduction of feed intake• En-products absorbed in the body• Start of in vivo oxidation
FREE RADICALS
FREE RADICALS
PEROXIDES
PEROXIDES
+
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Induction Oxidation Termination period
Peroxides value (meq)
The three stages of OXIDATIONThe three stages of OXIDATION
Peroxides, radicalswater
Polimers, oxidisedfat, acids, aldehidesketones
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Different antioxidantsDifferent antioxidants
Free radical scavengers:
Ethoxyquin, BHA, BHT, Propyl Gallate
Chelators:
Citric acid, phosphoric acid
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Differences between antioxidantsDifferences between antioxidants
Ethoxyquin:
very stable, only feed grade, raw materials
Gallates:
very stable, regenerates ethoxyquin or BHA activity
BHA:
heat stable, mainly food and petfood
BHT:
heat stability problem, repartition problem,
readily broken down in premixes
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Triple Mode of Action Triple Mode of Action
EUROTIOX
1.Citric acid forms reversible bonds with metal pro-oxidantsin the premix and feed to inhibit them from initiatingoxidation2. Ethoxyquin blocks oxidation by donating hydrogen ionsto free and peroxy radicals formed during the onsetand propagation stages3. Propyl gallate restores and potentiates ethoxyquin activity up to 3 times by donating hydrogen ions from its 3 activesites to oxidised (spent) ethoxyquin molecules
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Efficacy of synthetic antioxidantsEfficacy of synthetic antioxidants
20
25
40
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
BHA 200 g/ton
BHT 200 g/ton
Propyl gallate100g/ton
Ethoxyqin 150g/ton
Days to reach 20meq/kg peroxides
Days
Stability test in mixed fat - Dr. M. Coelho (1995)
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Formation of Ellagic Acid from Propyl Gallate
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Antioxidant Activity of BHA, Propyl Gallate and Heterodimers
Antioxidant Activity (t – t0)/(tBHA – t0)
Compound (0.01%)
Lard Soybean Oil
BHA 1.0 1.0
Propyl Gallate 1.50 12.25
Heterodimer A 0.88 4.0
HeterodimerB 0.91 1.50
T. Kurechi and A.Kunugi, J. American Oil Chem. Soc. 60:33 (1983)
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Ethoxyquin/Propyl GallateEthoxyquin/Propyl Gallate SYNERGY mechanism SYNERGY mechanism
oxid a tio n p o int
C H3
C H3
C H2H5O
C H3
C H3NH
C H2H5O
C H3NO
ETHOXYQUIN
OXIDIZED ETHOXYQUIN
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Ethoxyquin/Propyl GallateEthoxyquin/Propyl Gallate SYNERGY mechanism SYNERGY mechanism
CH3
CH3N
ETHOXYQUIN
CH2H5OCH3
CH3N
CH2H5OCH3
CH3N
PROPYL GALLATE COOCH2CH2CH3
H OO H
O H
CH3 CH3 CH3
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Mustakas et Al. (1984)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Pe
roxi
de
s (m
eq
/kg
)
No citric acid 46,6 293 85,4 288
with citric acid 10,7 125 13,1 44,4
CTR Fe Mn Cu
Metal chelatingMetal chelatingEffect of citric acid on soya oil stability Effect of citric acid on soya oil stability
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Inhibition of Initiation by Chelation of Copper
+ Cu++HOCCOOH
CH2COOH
CH2COOH
Citric Acid
OOC CH2 C
CH2
COO
OH CO
C C
O
O HO
CH2
CH2
COO
COO
O
Cu++
CuCitrate complex with divalent cation,
forming two five-membered rings
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Eurotiox 32-PremixEurotiox 32-PremixComparative granulometryComparative granulometry
0
20
40
60
Eurotiox
O ther
Eurotiox
Other
Eurotiox 50 42,4 6,2 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
Other 0,1 3,9 11 6,6 12,9 45,9 11,2
0,05-0,13 0,13-0,22 0,34-0,46 0,46-0,67 0,67-1,10 1,10-1,67 >1,67
Particle size class ( Mesh, mm) - Sieve analysis by industrial lab, Belgium, July 1996
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX unique antioxidant EUROTIOX unique antioxidant complexcomplex
ETHOXYQUIN- high purity (% mono)- high stability
PROPYL GALLATE-highly effective- EtQ regenarator
CITRIC ACID-metal scavenger
Only provensynergism
Very effectiveeconomicalcomplex
UNIQUE CARRIER- high absorption- free-flowing- impr. stability
+
+
stablemicro-pearled
ALUMINIUM bag-protected
+
Maximum protection at low dosage
Two very potent free
radical scaven-
gers
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX ANTIOXIDANT EUROTIOX ANTIOXIDANT PROGRAMPROGRAM
Vitamins, Pigments protection
in premixes & feed
Preventing rancidity in
fat, oils, bone meals
EUROTIOX 32-Premix
EUROTIOX L-32
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOXEUROTIOX
Dosage in feed and raw materialsDosage in feed and raw materials
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX 32 Premix in feed
Eurotiox 32 Premix at 20 - 25 g/t in Feed with < 4% fat and < 1 month storage time
+ 5 g/t for each 2% fat increase
+ 5 g/t for each month storage increase
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX 32 Premix in feed
FAT LEVEL IN FEED EUROTIOX 32 Premix
< 4 % 20 - 25 g/t
4 to 6 % 25 – 30 g/t
6 to 8 % 30 – 35 g/t
> 8 % 35 – 45 g/T
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX 32 Premix in premixes and concentrates
Vitamin premix: 50g/ton
Vitamin and traces premix: 100 g/ton
Vitamin and traces and choline chloride: 200 g/ton
Higher dosages are required in case proteins are present.
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX L 32 for raw material protection
Raw material Eurotiox L 32 doseg/t
Protection periodmonths
Vegetable oil(crude)
200 3
Palm oil (crude) 200 3
Rice Bran oil(crude)
400 3
Rice Bran oil(Refined)
200 3
Sunflower oil(crude)
300 3
Copra oil (crude) 200 3
Soya oil (crude) 200 3
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX L 32 for raw material protection
Raw material Eurotiox L 32 doseg/t
Protection periodmonths
Fish oil (crude) 400 3
Poultry fat 300 3
Lard 200 3
Tallow 100 3
Mixed fat 200 3
Squid oil 300 3
Used fat 500 2
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Months
Vit
am
ine A
(g
r)
Control
45 g/t EUROTIOX 32200, g/t ETQ-66%
EUROTIOX 32-Premix - 45 g/ton
Vitamin recovery test against oxidationVitamin recovery test against oxidation (Vitamin A in a vitamin mineral premix) (Vitamin A in a vitamin mineral premix)
HPLC assay - 6 months testing period March ‘95-Sep ‘95HPLC assay - 6 months testing period March ‘95-Sep ‘95
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Vitamin A Stability comparative testVitamin A Stability comparative test Broiler feed - March 1997Broiler feed - March 1997
7540
7255 7295
7135
7000
6500
7000
7500
8000
Eurotiox Pdt A Pdt B Pdt C Pdt D
Vit
A (
U.I
./g)
EUROTIOX 32-Premix
Project with large industrial company(Broiler integration) in Philippines. Vitamin detection analysis performed by an independent laboratory (SERLABO) in the Netherlands.
At 25 g/ton, EUROTIOX provides the best VITAMIN A protection of all products tested
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Trial results
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
EUROTIOX 32 PREMIX vs ENDOX
Feed, 7% fat
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
0,61
1,21
1,81
2,41
3,01
3,61
4,21
4,81
5,41
6,01
6,61
7,21
7,81
8,41
9,01
9,61
10,2
10,8
11,4 12
12,6
13,2
13,8
14,4 15
15,6
16,2
16,8
17,4 18
18,6
19,2
19,8
20,4 21
Time (h)
Pre
ssu
re (
bar
)
400 ppm ENDOX
80 ppm EUROTIOX 32 PREMIX
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Eurotiox 32 Premix in meat and bone meal (poultry origin)
Trial set-up:– A control sample (no anti-oxydant added) and a treated
sample (150 ppm Eurotiox 32) was incubated in the OXIPRESS.
– The OXIPRESS was running until the control sample was completely oxidised.
– Both samples were analysed on their nutritional value and compared to a control sample which was not put in the OXIPRESS at all.
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Eurotiox 32 Premix in meat and bone meal (poultry origin)
CONTROL WITHOUT OXIPRESS
CONTROL WITH OXIPRESS
CONTROL WITH OXIPRESS + 150 PPM EUROTIOX 32 PREMIX
Crude fat (g/kg)
121.2 105.4 115.6
Metaboliseble Energy (MJ/kg)
11.13 10.22 10.95
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Eurotiox 32 Premix in meat and bone meal (poultry origin)
9,6
9,8
10
10,2
10,4
10,6
10,8
11
11,2
ME (poultry, MJ/kg)
Control
Control +OxipressControl + oxipress+ Eurotiox-
8.1%
-1.6%
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
OXIPRESS RESULTSMBM oxypress 100°C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30time (h)
pres
sure
(bar
)
control 150 ppm EUROTIOX 32 Premix
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Eurotiox 32 Premix in meat and bone meal (Poultry origin)
Conclusions:– Oxidation is responsible for loss of nutrients, mainly
energy
– EUROTIOX 32 PREMIX is able to prevent nutrient losses due to oxidation.
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Effect of EUROTIOX 32 PREMIX on energy values (kcal/kg) of MBM (ruminant origin)
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
DAY 20 DAY 36 DAY 48
Control
27.5 ppmEUROTIOX 32PREMIX
Source: Trial AO 002: INDIA
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Eurotiox ® , the most cost-effective antioxidant
Eurotiox 32 Premix versus competitor in feed (8% fat)AR139 oxypress 100°C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 5 10 15 20 25
time (h)
pre
ssu
re (
bar
)
Controle
25 ppm Eurotiox 32 premix
Competitor