Europeans in North America

Motives for European Conquest

After seeing the Spanish successfully establish colonies in the Americas other European countries (England, Holland, France) also wanted colonies in the Americas

France1524 -Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano found New York harbor and surrounding areas1534 -Jacques Cartier found St. Lawrence River and Montreal1608 -Samuel de Champlain found Quebec• Quebec became the center of the empire and by the early

1700s New France covered much of the Midwest of the U.S.

• New France had a lot of territory but not many people. They were more interested in trade and not settlement.French fur trade very important

England1606  London investors help King James go to the Americas1607  Jamestown settled (named after King James)Beginning was tough- Over 70% of population died there from disease, hunger, and warfareEventually, King James takes it over and makes it a royal colony and they find tobacco, which made them a lot of money1620s Quest for religious freedom leads Pilgrims to Plymouth, Massachusetts and Puritans to Massachusetts Bay (created family life)

The Netherlands

1602 Dutch created the Dutch East India Company for trade in the Indian Ocean

1606  Henry Hudson looking for sea route to East Asia lands in waterways in New York

Fur trade established with Indians

Dutch West India Trading Company established

Very tolerant of other religions

Not many colonists

Caribbean

French took Haiti, Guadelopue, and Martinique

English took Barbados and Jamaica

Dutch got Aruba

Fight for North America

The European settlements got bigger and soon they were all fighting for supremacy in North America

First Battle: England vs. Netherlands

Duke of York (England) takes New Netherland away from Dutch and renames it New York

Dutch not really interested in Americas anyway, as they had important trade in Asia

13 colonies are then settled mostly by English

French and Indian War: 1754

Despite its name, it is not a battle between the French and the Indians but between the French and the British!

France loses the war, leaves the Americas, and British get territory

However, there is a lasting French cultural influence in Canada (French speaking)

Before and After the French and Indian War

Native Americans

French and Dutch cooperative with Indians because their relationship was based on fur tradeEnglish argued with Native Americans over land and religion

King Philip’s War

1675 King Philip’s war- one of the bloodiest battles between Native Americans and English

Metacom- Native American aka King Philip attacked 52 villages in Massachusetts to begin conflict

Colonists win after a year of fighting

Native Americans continued to resist but couldn’t match the European weapons

Disease, however, the number one killer of native population