EUROPEANS EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EXPLORE THE

EASTEASTCHAPTER 19CHAPTER 19

WHAT ENCOURAGED WHAT ENCOURAGED EXPLORATION?EXPLORATION?

1.1. WEALTHWEALTH

2.2. SPREAD CHRISTIANITYSPREAD CHRISTIANITY

3.3. ADVANCESADVANCES• SAILINGSAILING• TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

DESIRE FOR WEALTHDESIRE FOR WEALTH

► Trade of spices and other luxury goods Trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asiafrom Asia High Demand=High Price=Wealth for High Demand=High Price=Wealth for

MerchantsMerchants

►Muslims and ItaliansMuslims and Italians Control of East to West trade routesControl of East to West trade routes Demand high prices from European merchants Demand high prices from European merchants

for their goods…cuts into European profitsfor their goods…cuts into European profits

► SolutionSolution Europeans need to find a sea route directly to Europeans need to find a sea route directly to

AsiaAsia

SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITYSPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY

►Crusades left a feeling of hostility Crusades left a feeling of hostility between Christians and Muslimsbetween Christians and Muslims

►EuropeansEuropeans Continue FightingContinue Fighting Convert non-Christians throughout the Convert non-Christians throughout the

World World

BARTOLOMEU DIASBARTOLOMEU DIAS

► Portuguese explorerPortuguese explorer► ““to serve God and to serve God and

His Majesty, to give His Majesty, to give light to those who light to those who were in darkness were in darkness and to grow rich as and to grow rich as all men desire to all men desire to do”do”

ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGYADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY

►New ship designNew ship design 1400’s1400’s CaravelCaravel

►Triangular sails allow Triangular sails allow the ship to sail the ship to sail against the wind.against the wind.

►Magnetic compassMagnetic compass

PORTUGAL LEADS PORTUGAL LEADS EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

►Government SupportGovernment Support Prince HenryPrince Henry

►Wanted wealth and to spread ChristianityWanted wealth and to spread Christianity►Founded a navigation schoolFounded a navigation school

Established multiple trading posts along Established multiple trading posts along the shores of Africathe shores of Africa►GoldGold►IvoryIvory►Slaves, eventuallySlaves, eventually

SEA ROUTE TO ASIASEA ROUTE TO ASIA

► Began with DiasBegan with Dias Gets around the Gets around the

Southern tip of AfricaSouthern tip of Africa

► Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama Reached Southwest Reached Southwest

India in 1498India in 1498►Discovered spices, rare Discovered spices, rare

silks, and precious gemssilks, and precious gems►27,000 mile voyage, 27,000 mile voyage,

direct sea route to Indiadirect sea route to India►Hero’s welcome when he Hero’s welcome when he

returned homereturned home

SPAINSPAIN

► 1492, Christopher Columbus1492, Christopher Columbus Wants to find a route to Asia by sailing West Wants to find a route to Asia by sailing West

across the Atlantic Oceanacross the Atlantic Ocean October 1492, Columbus reached an island in October 1492, Columbus reached an island in

the Caribbeanthe Caribbean►Sets the stage for exploration and conquest of the Sets the stage for exploration and conquest of the

AmericasAmericas

► Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas Spain and Portugal fight over control of the Spain and Portugal fight over control of the

newly discovered landsnewly discovered lands Pope steps in to settle the disagreementPope steps in to settle the disagreement 1494, Spain and Portugal will split the land-1494, Spain and Portugal will split the land-

imaginary line.imaginary line.

TRADING IN THE INDIAN TRADING IN THE INDIAN OCEANOCEAN

►Portugal-a trading empirePortugal-a trading empire Offer goods to Europeans at a cheaper Offer goods to Europeans at a cheaper

price than the Muslims and Italiansprice than the Muslims and Italians

►1600’s, Portugal’s control of Indian 1600’s, Portugal’s control of Indian Ocean trade is challenged by the Ocean trade is challenged by the English and the DutchEnglish and the Dutch Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company English East India CompanyEnglish East India Company