european union lesson 1

1European UnionLesson 1

Motto: United in diversityAnthem: Ode to Joy

Political centres BrusselsLuxembourgStrasbourg

Official languages 23Demonym European[4]

Member States 27Leaders

European Council Herman Van RompuyCommission Jose Manuel BarrosoParliament Jerzy BuzekCouncil ofMinisters

Hungary

Establishment- Paris Treaty 23 July 1952- Rome Treaty 1 January 1958- Maastricht

Treaty1 November 1993

- Lisbon Treaty 1 December 2009Area

Total 4,324,782 km2- Water (%) 3.08

Population- 2010 estimate 501,064,211

Density 115.9/km2GDP (PPP) 2009 (IMF) estimate

- Total $14.793 trillion- Per capita $29,729

GDP (nominal) 2009 (IMF) estimate- Total $16.447 trillion- Per capita $33,052

Currency euroTime zone (UTC+0 to +2)

- Summer(DST)

(UTC+1 to +3)

Internet TLD .euWebsite europa.eu

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member stateswhich are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal andSteel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC) formed by sixcountries in the 1950s. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by the accession of new

1

European UnionLesson 1






Hungary




Total 4,324,782 km2- Water (%) 3.08






- Summer(DST)

(UTC+1 to +3)



1

European UnionLesson 1






Hungary




Total 4,324,782 km2- Water (%) 3.08






- Summer(DST)

(UTC+1 to +3)



2member states, and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treatyestablished the European Union under its current name in 1993. The last amendment to theconstitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009.

The EU operates through a hybrid system of supranational independent institutions andintergovernmentally made decisions negotiated by the member states. Important institutions ofthe EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the EuropeanCouncil, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. TheEuropean Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens.

The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws whichapply in all member states including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area.It ensures the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enacts legislation in justiceand home affairs, and maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regionaldevelopment. A monetary union, the eurozone, was established in 1999 and is currentlycomposed of seventeen member states. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy theEU has developed a limited role in external relations and defence. Permanent diplomaticmissions have been established around the world and the EU is represented at the UnitedNations, the WTO (World Trade Organization), the G8 and the G-20.

With a combined population of 500 million inhabitants, the EU generated an estimated21% (US$ 14.8 trillion) share of the global economy (GDP PPP) in 2009. As a trading bloc theEU accounts for 20% of global imports and exports.

Months of the yearENGLISH Romanian

January ianuarieFebruary februarie

March martieApril aprilieMay maiJune iunieJuly iulie

August augustSeptember septembrie

October octombrieNovember noiembrieDecember decembrie

unionSubstantivunire; uniune (de state); sindicat; societate; unificare, acord; asociaie; legtur; (tehn.) racord,mbinare, legtur pentru evi, pies de legtur; cstorie, mariaj; (bun) nelegere, armonie;[mat] reuniune; [ec] azil de munc, convenieAdjectivsindical, unionistExpresii:

3to bring about a union = a realiza o unirethe Union = Uniunea Angliei i Scoieithe Union = Uniunea Marii Britanii i Irlandei(mar.) Union Jack = pavilionul Regatului Unit(ec) union suit = salopeta happy union = o cstorie fericitto live together in perfect union = a tri mpreun n perfect armoniethe Union = Statele Unite ale Americii

currencySubstantivcirculaie monetar; (ec) moned; valut; rspndire

primarilyAdverbn primul rnd, nainte de toate, iniial, la nceput, la origine

primaryAdjectivprimar; principal, de cpetenie; primitive; (electr.) primarExpresii:primary school = coal primarprimary rocks = roci primareprimary battery = baterie primarprimary current = curent primarthe primary = problema principal

traceSubstantiv(mai ales pl.) urm (de pai etc.); rmi, urm; reproducere, copieVerb tranzitiva trasa; a achita; a desena; a scrie cu migal; a urmri (o persoan, un animalExpresii:sorrow has left its traces on his face = mhnirea a lsat urme pe faa luiof old buildings no trace remains = din vechile cldiri nu rmne nici urmto trace (out) a plan = a schia un planthey traced her footprints through the snow = i-au urmrit paii prin zpad

interveningAdjectivintermediar, situat ntre; care se interpune, care intervineExpresii:intervening period = perioad intermediar

interveneVerb intranzitiv

4a interveni, a surveni; a interveni pentru

interventionSubstantivintervenie

accessionSubstantivacces; intrare; (~ to) obinere (a unui post); urcare pe tron; sporire; adugare, adaos; [pol]aderare; ( ~ to) acord (la, pentru); aprobare; avansare; consultare (a unor date); cretere, (~ to)ncuviinare; intrare, promovare; spor; sporire; suplimentare; urcare, numr de referin (aldocumentului); vitez de consultare (a datelor de pe un suport de informaii)

policySubstantivpoli (de asigurare); perspicacitate, nelepciune; msur; interes, ordine; diplomaiedibcie (a unui act etc.) ; diplomaie (a unui act, etc.); nelepciune (a unui act etc.) ; metod;(linie) politic; politic (a unui act, etc.) ; politic; tacticExpresii:foreign policy = politic externit is certainly the best policy = este, fr ndoial, msura cea mai buncontrary to the public policy = contrar interesului publicto take out an insurance policy = a se asiguraexpectant policy, wait-and-see policy [pol] = politic de expectativ, politic rezervatroll-back policy (amer) = politic de for [pol]laissez-faire policy politic de neamestec (a guvernului)expectant policy =[pol] politic de temporizare [pol]world policy politic internaionalrate policy = politic tarifar [ec]open-door policy = politica uilor deschise (comer ngduit strinilor ntr-o ar)policy holder = posesor al unei polie de asigurare [ec]policy making = elaborare de politicihonesty is the best policy = (mai bine) curat i cinstit [proverb]good neighbour policy politic de bun vecintate

amendVerba ameliora; a amenda (un text, un proiect de lege etc.) ; a se corija; a face un amendament; ambunti; a se ndrepta; a modifica; a perfeciona; a pune la punct; a rectifica; a se schimba inbine

amendmentSubstantivndreptare; rectificare; amendament; ameliorare [agr]; amendare (a unui text, a unui proiect delege, etc.); corectare, corijare; mbuntire; modificare

5intergovernmentallyAdverb(n mod) nterguvernamental, internaional; ntre state

intergovernmentalAdjectivinterguvernamental, ntre state

CouncilSubstantivconsiliu; sfat; sinod [bis]Adjectivde consiliuExpresii:people's council = sfat popularcouncil = proprietate a conducerii locale (d. construcii)council chamber = camer de consiliucouncil estate = cartier de locuine (cu spaii verzi) construit de conducerea localcouncil house = cas ntr-un 'council estate'works council = comitet de ntreprindere (format din muncitori si conducere) [ec.]parish council = consiliu comunalcabinet council = consiliu de minitri [pol]council of war, war council = consiliu de rzboiprivy council = consiliu de stat [pol]city council = consiliu municipaltown council = consiliu municipal / orenesccouncil board = mas de consiliu (ntlnirea membrilor consiliului)council board = edin de consiliuprivy councillor = consilier de statthe Privy Council = Consiliu de Coroan (n Anglia)

ParliamentSubstantivparlamentExpresii:(Si parliament cake) = turt dulce

CitizenSubstantivcetean; orean; civilExpresii:citizen = persoan care nu deine nici o funcie de stat

citizenshipSubstantivcetenie

6marketSubstantivpia; pre, curs; cumprtor; debueu; trg (ncheiat)Verb intranzitiv, verb tranzitiva cumpra pe pia; a vinde pe piaExpresii:to go to market = a merge la piamarket-house/covered-market = halto be on/come into the market = a fi pe pia, a fi pus n vnzareto bring one's eggs to a bad market = a da grethe market has risen = preurile au crescutthe stock market = cursul valorilorthe market is falling = cursurile snt n scdereto find a market for smth. = a gsi debueu (de desfacere) pentru cevato find a ready market = a se vinde uorhe has made a market of his honour = i-a vndut onoarea

standardSubstantivstandard; norm (i tehnic); steag, drapel; etalon; model; grad, nivel; (la colile elementare)clas; (teh) postament al unei maini, titlu al aurului etc.; conducta vertical (de gaz, ap)Adjectivstandard, etalon, care e folosit ca etalon; model, care servete ca model; obinuit, normal;(devenit) classic; excellent, foarte bun; exemplarExpresii:the standard yard = iardul-etalonstandard sizes = mrimi/dimensiuni obinuite/normale / normate / tipice(ferov.) standard gauge = ecartament normalthe metre is the standard of length = metrul este unitatea de msur pentru lungimi(com.) up to standard = conform modeluluistandard of knowledge = grad de cunotinestandard of living = nivel de traito improve one's training standard = a-i ridica nivelul profesionalhe has gone through the standards = a fcut coala elementarstandard tree = arbore expus vntului din toate prile

standardisedAdjectivstandardizat; normat

standardize (amer), standardise (brit)Verba etalona; a norma; a reglementa; a stabili norme; a standardiza; a tipiza; a uniformiza

capitalAdjectiv

7stranic; (fam) admirabil; esenial; fundamental; principal; fatal; (jur) pasibil de pedeapsa cumoarteaSubstantiv(arhit) capitel; (tipogr) majuscul; (ec) capital; capitalExpresii:a capital dinner = un prnz alesa capital joke = o glum stranicthe capital points = probleme principalea capital error = o eroare fatalcapital punishment = pedeaps capitalcapital sentence = sentin de condamnare la moartecapital offence = infraciune/crim care se pedepsete cu moarteacapitalised terms = termeni (scrii) cu majusculecapital ship (mar.) = vas de rzboi cu o deplasare de cel puin 10000 de toneto make capital out of = a valorifica

enactVerb tranzitiva decreta, a dispune; a juca (un rol)

affairSubstantivafacere; chestiune; aventur amoroasExpresii:mind your own affairs = vezi-i de treaba tahome affairs = afaceri interneforeign affairs = afaceri externean affair of honour = o chestiune de onoare, duel

common policies politici commune (n Uniunea Europen)These policies are the lines of action the Community decides to follow in certain areas in order toachieve the general objectives it has set. They are known as 'common' policies because theyconcern all Member States of the Union. This harmonised action provides a leverage effect thatmakes it possible to obtain better results. Such policies include: the common agricultural policy(CAP), regional and cohesion policy, transport policy, social and employment policy,environment policy and the policy on research and technological development.

COMMON POLICIESCommon agricultural policyCommon fisheries policyForestry policyRegional policyTransport policyTrans-European networksIndustrial policySocial and employment policyEnvironment policy

Consumer protection and public healthCooperation in justice and internal affairsEnergy policyPolicy for research and technological developmentSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)TourismEducation, vocational training and youth policyCultural policy

8LeverageSubstantivefect de prghie [fin]; (teh) efect de prghie, for a prghiei, mecanism cu prghii, transmisieprin prghii; influen pentru atingerea unui scop; (ec) mijloc de influenare a profitului, raportdintre creane i capital; influen; putere pentru atingerea unui scopleverage coefficient = raport ntre creterea global a venitului naional i creterea investiiilor

defenceSubstantivaprareExpresii:in defence of = n aprareato make a defence = a se apra

trillionSubstantivtrilion (un milion de milioane)1,000,000,000,000 (one million million; 1012; SI prefix: tera-)

shareSubstantivbrzdar; parte; participaie, cot-parte; (ec) aciune, titluVerb tranzitiva mpri; a mprtiVerb intranzitiva mpri; a lua parte la, a participa laExpresii:to share alike = a mpri egalthey ought to share with us in the expenses = ei ar trebui s contribuie la cheltuieli alturi de noito share in = a lua parte la, a fi asociat lato share out = a distribui, a repartizain equal shares = n pri egalethe lion's share = partea leuluito have a share in doing smth. = a lua parte la o aciune(fam) to go shares with = a merge pe din doushare and share alike = pri egaleto come in for a share of = a avea partea sa defounder's share = participaia fondatoruluishare in profits = participare la beneficiito pay one's share = a-i plti cota-parterailway shares = aciuni de ci ferateshare list = curs al aciunilor la bursshare warrant = titlu la purttorto share smth. with smb. = a mpri ceva cu cinevahe invited me to share his lunch = m-a invitat la el la mas

9to share smb's opinion = a mprti prerea cuivaI share all his secrets = i cunosc toate secretele

GDP PPP = gross domestic product at purchasing power parity

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It is defined as the valueof all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation.The volume index of GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) is expressed inrelation to the European Union (EU-27) average set to equal 100. If the index of a country ishigher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and viceversa. Basic figures are expressed in PPS, i.e. a common currency that eliminates the differencesin price levels between countries allowing meaningful volume comparisons of GDP betweencountries. Please note that the index, calculated from PPS figures and expressed with respect toEU27 = 100, is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons.

Gross domestic product = produsul intern brut (PIB)

PurchaseSubstantivachiziionare; aprovizionareapucare; avantaj [fig]; (ec) cumprare, cumprat, cumprtur, lucru cumprat; dispozitivmecanic de ridicare i deplasare a ncrcturilor [tehn]; influen [fig]; palane [nav]; poziie

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avantajat [fig.]; poziie influent [fig]; pre; punct de reazem; punct de sprijin; strngere;strnsoare; superioritate [fig]; valoare; venit anual (de pe pmnt)Verba achiziiona; a cpta, a ctiga, a dobndi (ncrederea cuiva etc.); a cumpra; a ridica (cuparghia, macaraua, palancul etc.)purchasing power = putere de cumprare [ec]

intendVerba avea de gnd s; a avea drept scop / el; a avea n vedere; a avea intenia de a / s; a face anume/ deliberat / n mod intenionat; a face voit; a nelegea inteniona s; a plnui s; a urmri; a vrea s spun~ for / to a destina, a meni, a hrzi (s, cuiva)what do you intend to do about it? = cum intenionezi s rezolvi chestiunea?; ce ai de gnd sfaci n problema aceasta?

cross-country comparisons = comparaii ntre ri

european union lesson 1

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