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European Knowledge Society Foresight The EUFORIA Project Delphi Report
Report to the European Foundation for Living Conditions,
Working Conditions and Industrial Relations
Submitted by PREST
Prepared by Rafael Popper
With contributions from: Ian Miles
Denis Loveridge Michael Keenan Duncan Thomas
DECEMBER 2003
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................5 PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................6
What is the Knowledge Society? – By Professor Ian Miles ....................................................6 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................12
Use of fully online participation ..........................................................................................14 Use of multilingual questionnaires .....................................................................................16 Use of dynamic online Delphi software ..............................................................................18 Use of targeted and open opinion gathering ......................................................................19 Use of mainly online support and feedback .......................................................................20
DELPHI DESIGN & PREPARATION .........................................................................................21 Preparation of Euforia Delphi structure and stateme nts ...................................................26 Clustering the statements into six categories ....................................................................27 Criteria for assessing the development of the state ment ..................................................28 Factors considered for assessing impacts over LC, I R and WC .......................................29 Criteria for assessing influences on each factor ................................................................30 Criteria for assessing the degree of expertise of t he participant ......................................30 Preparation of Euforia Delphi Website ................................................................................31 Analysis of Euforia Website ................................................................................................32
EVALUATION OF GENERAL RESULTS ..................................................................................36 KS general (cross-national & International Communit y) results .......................................38 KS trends more likely characterising Europe in year 2015 ................................................39
Chart of trends that are about right by 2015 and their impacts over LC, IR & WC................................ 39 Analysis of KS general results ............................................................................................40 Horizontal analysis of the synthesis results ......................................................................40
The 1st reinforcing KS trend: Life-long learning..................................................................................... 40 The 2nd reinforcing KS trend: Use of environmental technologies......................................................... 40 The 3rd reinforcing KS trend: Decrease of gender-related pay inequalities ........................................... 41 The 4th reinforcing KS trend: New forms of networked business organisation ...................................... 41 The 5th reinforcing KS trend: Use of electronic networks for remote supervision .................................. 42 The 6th reinforcing KS trend: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance ................................................. 42 The 7th reinforcing KS trend: Harmonisation of educational standards ................................................. 43 The 8th reinforcing KS trend: Use of telemedicine & online health monitoring....................................... 43 The 9th reinforcing KS trend: Increased family stress and conflict......................................................... 44 The 10th reinforcing KS trend: Abandonment of common retirement notions........................................ 44 The 11th reinforcing KS trend: Promotion of labour market mobility ...................................................... 45
Vertical analysis of the synthesis results ...........................................................................46 The 1st reinforced factor: Economic growth / wealth creation................................................................ 47 The 2nd reinforced factor: Entrepreneurship and innovativeness .......................................................... 47 The 3rd reinforced factor: Social Cohesion............................................................................................ 47 The 4th reinforced factor: Job creation................................................................................................... 47 The 5th reinforced factor: Sustainability and environmental quality ....................................................... 48 The 6th reinforced factor: Employee autonomy and responsibility at work ............................................ 48 The 7th reinforced factor: Employer-employee relations........................................................................ 48 Too uncertain factor: Social exclusion or divides .................................................................................. 49 Too uncertain factor: Work-life balance ................................................................................................ 49
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LOCAL & SHARED VISIONS ...................................................................................................50 Visions for Finland 2015 ......................................................................................................52
Development of KS Trends in Finland .................................................................................................. 53 Shared visions with Greece, Germany & International Community....................................................... 55 Shared visions with Germany & Greece ............................................................................................... 55 Shared visions with Greece .................................................................................................................. 55 Unique visions....................................................................................................................................... 55 Vision 2015 for governance and mobility .............................................................................................. 56 Vision 2015 for health and privacy ........................................................................................................ 57 Vision 2015 for industrial relations ........................................................................................................ 57 Vision 2015 for living conditions............................................................................................................ 57 Vision 2015 for sustainability and development .................................................................................... 58 Vision 2015 for working conditions........................................................................................................ 59 Vision 2015 for country-specific statements.......................................................................................... 59
Visions for Germany 2015 ...................................................................................................60 Development of KS Trends in Germany................................................................................................ 61 Shared visions with Greece, Finland & International Community.......................................................... 62 Shared visions with Greece & Finland .................................................................................................. 62 Shared visions with Greece .................................................................................................................. 62 Shared visions with the International Community ................................................................................. 62 Unique visions....................................................................................................................................... 62 Vision 2015 for governance and mobility .............................................................................................. 63 Vision 2015 for health and privacy ........................................................................................................ 63 Vision 2015 for industrial relations ........................................................................................................ 64 Vision 2015 for living conditions............................................................................................................ 64 Vision 2015 for sustainability and development .................................................................................... 64 Vision 2015 for working conditions........................................................................................................ 65 Vision 2015 for country-specific statements.......................................................................................... 65
Visions for Greece 2015 .......................................................................................................66 Development of KS Trends in Greece .................................................................................................. 67 Shared visions with Germany, Finland & International Community....................................................... 69 Shared visions with Germany & Finland ............................................................................................... 69 Shared visions with Germany ............................................................................................................... 69 Shared visions with Finland .................................................................................................................. 69 Unique visions....................................................................................................................................... 70 Vision 2015 for governance and mobility .............................................................................................. 71 Vision 2015 for health and privacy ........................................................................................................ 72 Vision 2015 for industrial relations ........................................................................................................ 72 Vision 2015 for living conditions............................................................................................................ 73 Vision 2015 for sustainability and development .................................................................................... 73 Vision 2015 for working conditions........................................................................................................ 74 Vision 2015 for country-specific statements.......................................................................................... 74
KS impacts by category .......................................................................................................75 PROSPECTIVE POLICY AREAS ............................................................................................108
Weak trends strongly aligned with the Lisbon object ives ...............................................110 The 1st policy area: Emphasis on ethics, justice and equity ................................................................ 110 The 2nd policy area: Widespread organisational learning.................................................................... 110 The 3rd policy area: Bottom-up decision-making style in organisations............................................... 110 The 4th policy area: E-commerce as a tool for regional development ................................................. 110 The 5th policy area: Improved trade unions......................................................................................... 110 The 6th policy area: Labour organisations hand-by-hand with government & business ...................... 110 The 7th policy area: Shifts of EU resources towards accession countries ........................................... 110
HIGHLIGHTING MAIN LESSONS ...........................................................................................111 Lessons on participation ...................................................................................................111 Lessons on online Delphi ..................................................................................................111 Lessons on technical issues .............................................................................................112 Lessons on results ............................................................................................................113
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ANNEXES...............................................................................................................................114 Annex 1: General First Round Results .............................................................................115 Annex 2: First and Second Round Results for Greece ....................................................147 Annex 3: First Round Results for Germany ......................................................................185 Annex 4: First and Second Round Results for Finland ....................................................196 Annex 5: First Round Results for the International Community ......................................234 Annex 6: Delphi cross-national statements ......................................................................243 Annex 7: Delphi frequently asked questions handout .....................................................245 Annex 8: Participation in 1 st Round by sector ..................................................................249 Annex 9: First Round Raw Data for FINLAND ..................................................................250 Annex 10: First Round Raw Data for GERMANY ..............................................................251 Annex 11: First Round Raw Data for GREECE .................................................................252 Annex 12: First Round Raw Data for EUROPE .................................................................253
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREST is grateful to the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living
and Working Conditions for the inputs and for the opportunity to undertake this
project.
We also recognise the dedicated work and contributions of the project partners:
Atlantis , Empirica and Finland Futures Research Centre (preparation and
translation of the Delphi material and its promotion in each country).
Concerning the Euforia website and online Delphi we would like to highlight the
support of IT specialists in the US providing the online software and technical
support for data collection, processing and analysis. We appreciate the extension
of the license to online foresight software package as well as to the free-of-
charge upgrade which allowed us to include Greek characters in the Delphi
survey. We would also like to thank the contributions of Kieron Flanagan
(PREST) and Dan Abbott (The University of Manchester) in the creation of
mailing lists and website statistics. In addition, we appreciate the various efforts
of Verena Gruner (Germany), Anton Geyer (IPTS), and Inga Kroener (UK), as
well as the comments from Günter Clar (EC DG Research), which allowed us to
polish the German version of the Delphi. We are especially grateful to Anjana
Dayal (Canada) who edited several sections of this report.
We would also like to thank the efforts of the internal PREST team (Ian Miles ,
Denis Loveridge , Michael Keenan , Duncan Thomas and Rafael Popper ) in
the preparation and design of the whole Delphi exercise. Finally we would like to
draw attention to the fact that without the committed participation of the 208
respondents this report would have never been prepared since they are the main
contributors to the Delphi exercise.
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PREFACE
What is the Knowledge Society? – By Professor Ian Miles
The concept of the "Knowledge Society" - and close relatives like the
"Knowledge-based economy", "knowledge-driven economy" - has risen to
prominence in the past decade. It has displaced "information society" in some
usages, and is certainly more widely used now that such terms as "post-industrial
society" and even "post-modern society". A major reason for this is that it has
been widely taken up by policymakers, in the OECD, CEC and many national
governments. It has been taken up in two distinct, but related ways:
First, as a descriptive term - the Knowledge society (KS) is meant to point to the
new dynamics of industrial growth that have become apparent over recent
decades. This sense of the term is apparent in many OECD studies, for example.
Second, as an aspirational term - we all want to be KSs, since this is seen as the
route to renewed growth, greater prosperity, better quality jobs, etc. This sense of
the term is manifest in the Lisbon Objectives and many other documents.
Terms like "Knowledge Society" and "information society" come in for a great
deal of criticism from many quarters. Whereas "industrial society" seems to point
to something new, we have always been using information and knowledge in out
social and economic activities (Actually, "Industry" originally referred to hard
work, and a similar criticism might have been leveled against notions of
"industrial society" two hundred years ago! We know use the term industrial to
refer to the mode of factory organisation of work and application of high division
of labour and mechanisation, as took place during the industrial revolution - and
we even apply the term to branches of the economy other than manufacturing.1).
1 See Raymond William's excellent Keywords London, Paladin, for a discussion of the evolution of "industry".
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In contrast to "information society", there is no underpinning technology or new
knowledge that can be identified as being at the root of KS - unless KS is simply
another way of saying information society. The term is less a scientific
characterisation of a transformative process, than an identification of an epoch in
which several developments coincide and, in many ways, mutually reinforce each
other.
“Knowledge Society” can then be usefully seen as referring to something
distinctive in the present epoch in that it points to the intersection of several
related trends in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Drawing on
the account in Innovation Tomorrow, it points to:
Information Society's ongoing evolution, as described above - but also as itself
undergoing shift from one phase to another (CF Miles, 2003). This focuses on
the increased pervasiveness of distributed networked computing power, as
compared to earlier generations of stand-alone and one-to-one computing.
The increasing importance of innovation as a source of competitiveness, and an
instrument for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of organisations of all
types - Innovation involves the application of knowledge - of technology and
techniques, of business and bureaucratic processes, of users, markets and social
needs - to establishing new ways of doing things. Innovation has become a
hallmark of successful firms and nations, and is increasingly seen as a tool for
administrative reform and modernisation. This refers both to organisational and
technological innovation, and to the ways in which innovation is organised and
ideas as to how to make organisations conducive to it are diffused. One of the
main sets of innovations is that involved in "post-Fordism" - flexible production,
mass customisation, new forms of quality control, and the like.
The development of service economies, which was a notion at the heart of
theories of "post-industrialism" - This approach tended to stress service sectors
and their involvement in delivering intangible products to specific clients (and
thus stressed information processing and human interaction), and it is true that
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statistically such service sectors dominate economic activity and employment.
(Furthermore, service sectors are major users of new IT, and are more prominent
in innovation processes.) But “service” is an important management principle in
organisations in all sectors. Specialised services provide critical inputs to
organisations in all sectors, on a vastly increased scale. Firms in all sectors
contribute an increasing share of services alongside the tangible elements of
their products.
Social learning - There is substantial investment in improving education and
training systems, and to determine what sorts of skills and knowledge are socially
and economically important. Efforts to create learning organisations and to
institute various forms of Knowledge Management are becoming more prominent
across organisations of various types. This goes beyond simply measuring and
documenting intellectual capital, and includes a range of practical steps to better
perform the production and utilisation of critical knowledge. Thus organisations
seek to improve the use of their existing data resources (e.g. data mining), to
codify and distribute their information assets to their staff (e.g. Enterprise
Resource Systems), and to make their expertise more readily identifiable and
locatable for undertaking both routine and new activities (e.g. human resource
development, groupware and collaborative systems).
These developments are stimulated further by the competitive and other
challenges associated with globalisation, and on the whole act so as to further
reinforce the trend to globalisation. Thus we see increased emphasis on
removing barriers to trade and investment in services and intangibles, greater
use of IT to coordinate distributed decision-making and innovation activities on a
world scale, and so on. Whether globalisation should be seen as an intrinsic
feature of KS or as a contextual feature that shapes and speeds its development
is somewhat controversial, though most often it is included as a central feature.
Taking up this last point, there are many other phenomena currently visible that
could be related to, and that are certainly liable to shape the evolution of, KS in
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practice. Changing in demographic structures (in the industrial West, and around
the world) must have their implications for labour and consumer markets.
Climate change and environmental affairs more generally put sustainability high
on the political agenda, though whether this will reshape economic activity
sufficiently to avert more serious problems here remains unclear. Many other
issues can be cited. However, it is probably most efficient to think of KS as
referring to a limited set of key developments that are evolving together and
interacting intimately, and the restrict these to the sorts of techno-economic and
socio-technical developments in the bulleted list above.
This then means that there could be many forms of KS evolving in terms of other
attributes - how environmental challenges are met, for instance (e.g. particular
energy regimes and responses to climate change). Just as there have been
many types (and phases) of industrial society - e.g. US, European, Japanese
models - not to mention the Soviet one! Or early intensive industrial development,
mass market capitalism, welfare state or Keynesian phases, etc.
The key developments of KS clearly have substantial implications for living and
working conditions and industrial relations. Even with common features of new
technology, service economies, learning organisations, and innovation, and even
in a general context of globalisation, we could anticipate diverse empirical
manifestations of KS. The implications for living and working conditions and
industrial relations will meet with different responses in different times and places
- partly as a result of varying starting conditions (factor endowments, cultural
assets, established working practices and organisations, etc.) and partly as a
matter of strategic choices (government, corporate and social movement policies,
for example).
A conclusion from this is that we would anticipate there to be two classes of
indicator and development of KS:
First, those features that are more or less common features, where we might
expect rates of movement to be more or less rapid - here it makes most sense to
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talk about advancement indicators as representing different degrees and rates of
movement on broadly common trajectories. Thus effectively all countries move
towards being more IT-intensive, more dominated by services sectors, and so on.
Second, those features where more diversity can be expected. For example, the
use of IT is generally empirically associated with an upgrading of the skills of the
workforce, and there is a logical case to be made that IT development and
introduction is liable to require a minimal level of technical skill. But there is much
evidence that typical responses to technical in terms of skills structures and
management processes vary considerably from country to country, sector to
sector, and even firm to firm in the same sector. It might be that there is an
"optimal" model which different actors are moving towards (or should be moving
towards, in which case they will pay the price of bad decisions). Given the rapid
pace of IT development we are unlikely to know the details of such optima, since
the world will have moved on before they can be established! And it is plausible
that very different patterns of response will make most sense in different
environments - where particular skills are available, where organisational
configurations can be modified most readily, and so on. The "expert" views as to
what arrangements are likely to dominate are often based on very partial
knowledge, and sometimes not a little commitment to particular strategies and
visions - thus note the overoptimistic expectations about the growth of telework,
or (to take a technological example) analogue HDTV. Most of the key features of
Living Conditions (LC), Working Conditions (WC), and Industrial Relations (IR)
fall into this broad set of developments and indicators.
All actors are making decisions under conditions of considerable uncertainty.
Even those with the best understanding of the technical aspects of IT or
intellectual assets may be ignorant of associated technological or managerial
developments. The choice of any one actor or set of actors is strongly
conditioned by the choices of others - there is much observation, imitation and
learning (not always accurately). Equally importantly, the results of the choices of
any one actor will be strongly conditioned by the choices of others - whether this
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be a manager dealing with a workforce, or a company with its regulators or
competitors. Given globalisation and modern communications - There is great
scope for international diffusion of technology and technique, but this has its
limits. IT is an extremely malleable technology, and the use of information and
intangible assets in production and consumption is similarly something with great
scope for creative rearrangement.
So much for the empirical nature of KS - As noted, this is also a normative
concept. We can specify that we want a KS that is sustainable, creates high
quality jobs, is socially equitable, and so on. These features are generally more
to do with our second class of topics, above, than the first. Thus it is interesting
to explore not only how far societies are advancing towards these objectives, but
how they are doing so. What does it take for a KS to have these features? How
are different European KSs liable to vary in these respects?
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INTRODUCTION Euforia is a pilot project aiming to systematically implement a number of foresight
methods in order to enlighten the path towards a European Knowledge Society.
The project fosters research, network building and the exchange of information
and expertise between KS specialists, social partners and the state. The
‘foresight’ concept also links the project to the CEC’s Sixth European
Framework Programme 2002-2006, with its focus on the European Research
Area, and to the goals of the Lisbon Summit for Europe by investigating how
social foresight can fill the gap between the Lisbon strategy and technology
foresight. The Lisbon Summit declared the intent for the EU to become ‘the most
competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy, capable of sustained
economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.’
The ‘developmental’ nature of the project is new to the European Foundation for
the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. The project is simultaneously:
• Integrative: involving different European countries, open international
participation, coordinated cross-national and national workshops, etc.
• Explorative: using different methods to understand a quite complex
topic such as the Knowledge Society.
• Experimental: trying new approaches and modifying existing
foresight methods such as the cross-impact analysis, and testing
usefulness of multilingual activities, etc.
• Developmental: using previous activities outcomes as inputs for
following stages, thus providing a dynamic development on the
methodological framework.
• Forward looking: using 15 years as the time horizon in all
activities, methods and workshops.
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The project looks at life as a mix of living conditions, working conditions and
industrial relations through experimental, developmental and future-oriented
methods in which this Delphi survey played a key part. The cross-national
multilingual online Delphi survey carried out for the Euforia project has focused
on issues related to the European Knowledge Society and its impacts on living
conditions, industrial relations and working conditions by the year 2015.
The way in which outputs from other methods were used as inputs for the design
of Euforia Delphi will be discussed in the next section. In this introductory note we
would like to share some of the decisions that the project team had to make for
the preparation and implementation of the exercise (i.e. type of participation,
language, tools, access, support, etc.). The main reason for doing so is that
limited resources and time forced us to carefully evaluate the feasibility of
implementing the exercises in each pilot country and to think about the most
efficient way to make use of volunteer participants’ time and knowledge. We
would like to highlight the following five initial decisions:
(1) use of fully online participation,
(2) use of multilingual questionnaires (English, Greek, German and Finnish),
(3) use of dynamic online software for information processing,
(4) use of targeted experts’ opinion in combination with open access for
interested citizens and individuals to raise their voice,
(5) use of mainly online support and feedback (i.e. assistance and first round
results reporting via electronic mail).
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Use of fully online participation
Regarding the type of participation, Euforia team had 3 main reasons for
undertaking a fully online Delphi process.
Limited resources: The first reason was related to budgetary restrictions. A fully
online Delphi process is highly recommended when there are limited resources.
The use of online consultation helped to avoid traditional expenses of off-line
practices (i.e. printing hundreds of questionnaires for each Delphi round, posting
the questionnaires, mailing cost of filled questionnaires for each round, cost of
trained personnel to input received data into a system for processing, etc.).
Limited time: The second reason was the short time for the preparation (4 weeks)
and implementation of the Delphi (13 weeks). Preparation of hardcopy
questionnaires would not only have represented additional costs but also extra
time for graphical design and printing of explanatory handouts and surveys, in
addition to the posting time (geographical distances and reliability of posting
services are extra time consuming factors). Implementation of Delphi rounds
ideally require 9-10 weeks per round (approx. 18-20 weeks for the whole
consultation process) because it is quite probable that at the time the exercise is
launched a certain number of targeted people are out of office in working
missions or holidays (i.e. summer, Christmas, etc). So each round should be long
enough to take these factors into consideration. In the case of Euforia Delphi the
project deadline forced us to implement Round 1 in about 7 weeks and Round 2
in 5 weeks plus 1 week of extension. We should also highlight that the second
round was running at the beginning of the summer holiday in Europe (late June
and beginning of July). Please see website traffic report in box 4.
Challenging commitment to e-processes: It is believed that online communication
for knowledge sharing/exchange in a European Knowledge Society will continue
to increase by 2015 and this was another reason for deciding to challenge such
an argument with a fully online Delphi. One of the main lessons from Euforia
Delphi is that two main strategies should be combined in order to efficiently
manage any web-based activity: use of conventional off- and on-line marketing
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(i.e. leaflets, brochures, posters, links to web-sites, promotion on newsletters,
etc.) and use of well-networked and committed people. In the quest for achieving
commitment from people it was seen that involved participants should not feel
that they are only providing inputs to be later on used by researchers in the
preparation of policy recommendations. Instead, participants should feel that they
are shaping the future outcomes of the research and building shared visions with
their valuable contribution (this can explain the different level of commitment
reached in each pilot country).
Online participation not only represents advantages but also some restrictions
regarding the way participants transfer their knowledge. When carrying out a fully
online Delphi survey the research team must take into consideration that the
structure and length of the questionnaire is user-friendly enough to be filled in
relatively quickly in front of the computer while connected to the web at many
different speeds. It is believed that by 2015 most Internet connections in Europe
will be broadband (high speed connections), however at the present moment we
can still find a large number of users with dial-up connections as well as slow
processors/modems (old PCs). For this reason it is recommended the use of
dynamic and flexible software together with artistic creativity and experience in
web design in order to (1) provide multiple ways for accessing the survey and (2)
motivate participants to fill in the whole questionnaire.
To better understand the different types of accesses created in the Delphi,
hereby we describe the types of options available in the website. The main web
page tracked the country and the sector (research, public, private, NGO and
other) and a second web page provided one access to the whole questionnaire
and six independent accesses for each category2. We should keep in mind that
accesses were created in each language (English, Greek, German and Finnish).
So, a total of 105 hidden access options built in to facilitate the selection of topics
and help participants to contribute to those areas of their personal interest.
2 (i) Governance and mobility, (ii) health and privacy, (iii) industrial relations, (iv) living conditions, (v) sustainability and development, and (vi) working conditions.
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Use of multilingual questionnaires
The Euforia project used three pilot countries (Greece, Germany and Finland) for
information gathering and methodology implementation (including the Delphi
survey). The common working language for workshops and teamwork with each
country’s partner was English and this is why the original version of the Delphi
Survey was done in English. However the project team decided to translate the
survey as well as related documents into the other 3 languages. Such a decision
obviously multiplied by four the work required for the preparation and launching
of the exercise and it also raised some managerial difficulties since the use of
several translators, editors, and designers was not budgeted in the original
proposal. Such an obstacle was however overcome thanks to the grateful
contribution of various individuals (see acknowledgements).
Two major lessons can be drawn from a multilingual Delphi:
� Firstly, the use of different languages may increase the time
required for designing and managing the exercise (e.g.
questionnaire, instructions, manual, FAQ, preliminary reports,
final reports, etc.). Therefore, planned dates for the launching
and deliverables should be flexible and re-schedulable.
� Secondly, it is important to carefully control the quality of
translated work (i.e. Three different editors were needed for the
various revisions of the German questionnaire, two for the
Finnish version and one for the Greek).
The main reason for getting engaged in such an accurate translation process
was that the questionnaire’s main body included 32 cross-national statements
which have been designed in order to identify shared Knowledge Society visions
across the three pilot European countries and the international community.
The use of different languages also created unbalance between each country’s
surveys in terms of optimal length of the statements (from 20 to 30 words).
Euforia Delphi statements were originally prepared in English and their maximum
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length was 30 words. For example, in the case of German Delphi that optimal
length was not possible to be reached in several statements because of
grammatical and/or cultural differences.
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Use of dynamic online Delphi software
The use online tools in foresight processes have become a more common
practice since the late 1990’s. Initially Internet helped researchers to send
electronic copies of word or excel documents, surveys, etc. to selected people by
email. The feedback was also by means of emails were participants attached
their completed task and sent them back to the researcher. This practice is still
ongoing and quite useful when the assignment or task is rather simple, however
for the implementation of large and systematic consultation processes such as
Delphi surveys the use of more sophisticated and efficient systems is required,
especially when time and resources are scarce.
The Euforia Delphi as mentioned above not only required an online system but
also a dynamic and flexible enough application capable of implementing
multilingual questionnaires. Two systems were considered initially for the
implementation of the Delphi: (1) the system developed by the Finland Futures
Research Centre – FFRC and (2) Manchester’s online tools. Both systems were
offered free-of-charge; however it was agreed by the project team that the latter
would be more suitable due to its default features in English and its capability to
support multilingual questionnaires, images and immediate data processing. One
lesson that can be drawn from this decision is that some languages such as
Greek, Japanese, Korean or Arabic for example require special characters and
features that are not always provided in basic software packages and this was
found out while designing the Greek questionnaire. IT specialists also provided
PREST with a free upgrade of existing IT tools which allowed the Greek Delphi to
be launched at the same time that the German, Finnish and English versions.
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Use of targeted and open opinion gathering
The identification, selection and contact with potential participants were individual
tasks of each of the country partners. There was however agreement that
besides targeted experts’ opinion the online platform would allow open access for
interested citizens and individuals to raise their voice. This how an international
access was included with the Delphi questionnaire and other relevant information
in English language. The open accesses helped Euforia team to measure some
worldwide impacts and awareness of the still ongoing project. Not only
participants from EU-15 filled in the online questionnaire but also participants
from various candidate countries, other Eastern European countries, and some
interested individuals and researchers from The Americas and Asia raised their
voice on what they believe a European Knowledge Society would be by the year
2015.
Each country targeted participants from the research, public, private, NGO and
other sectors, however the distribution of such participation was quite different in
all countries. Germany for example involved more people from the private sector
followed by the research sector. Almost 50 % of Greek participants were from the
research sector and the private sector showed the second strongest response
rate. Finnish responses managed to get a rather equal distribution across the
sectors with a slight dominating presence of the public sector (see annex 9).
The open access to the international community was mainly visited by research
sector with about 60% of the response rate. The second contributor was the
private sector followed closely by the public sector. A few opinions of people from
non-governmental organizations have also enriched the results of the Delphi.
Analyses of results have been carried out both collectively and by country. This
would help us better understand not only the shared visions towards a European
Knowledge Society but also unique ones (country-specific).
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Use of mainly online support and feedback
Euforia Delphi is believed to be the first multilingual cross-national online Delphi
exercise and the project team considered that the support, assistance and first
round results reporting should be done via electronic mail. However, the
language chose for this feedback was English, because the final report will also
be in English. When dealing with very technical or marketing related issues on
the implementation and promotion of the Delphi (i.e. types of access for
respondents and marketing strategies) some project partners preferred the use of
telephone communication.
Three main documents were produced (in English, Greek, German, and Finnish)
to support participants while answering their questionnaire.
(1) The first document was the full list of the 32 cross-national statements
followed by five country-related statements. The main purpose of this 2-
page document was to raise awareness of the trend statements considered
in Euforia Delphi. The document also clustered the list of statements into 6
main categories: (i) governance and mobility, (ii) health and privacy, (iii)
industrial relations, (iv) living conditions, (v) sustainability and development,
and (vi) working conditions. The main reason for clustering the statements
was to provide participants with the option of participating in the survey
using different accesses. So the online Delphi included access to the full
questionnaire in each language as well as access by categories.
(2) The second document provided some guidance for the online
questionnaire. It included a brief description of the Euforia project and its
purpose as well as a detailed explanation of the standard questions,
considered criteria and answer options (i.e. multiple and simple selection
options).
(3) The third document was a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) and tips
for accessing and answering the questionnaire.
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DELPHI DESIGN & PREPARATION
The Delphi topics were formulated from material prepared by the national
centres. Such reports were based on national workshops which produced 172
topics in the three pilot countries altogether. From these the managing contractor
created a set of 32 topics through a reduction process (described in table below)
that was at times unavoidably arbitrary. As far as possible the spirit of the
original list of topics that emerged from the first national workshops was kept.
Procedure used to develop the statements:
1. The topic lists that emerged from the first national workshops were consolidated into a single database with 172 entries
2. The database was searched, using key word stems, to identify groups of topics with similar characteristics – 30 were identified
3. The individual topics in these 30 groups were then manually annotated with the country of origin and other information indicating whether or not it was among the recommended set from its country of origin; this reduced the total 136 topics
4. The groups of 30 topics were then sorted manually into sets of topics, amalgamating those that were repetitions or were immediately seen to be sufficiently similar to be written as one topic at a later stage: this further reduced the number of topics to 77
5. The topics were then edited using the conventional rules for writing Delphi topic statements; during this process more topics were eliminated when further overlapping or repetition became clear
6. In the final stage the remaining topics were examined for their relevance, reasonableness and robustness where a number were eliminated because the topic was considered to be well advanced already or lacked clarity regarding its content despite editing
7. After this final stage some 25 topics remained to which the PREST team added five to make the set up to the target of 30 topics
8. The project sponsor then added 2 topics making the final set of 32 cross-national statements
9. Subsequently, each national centre was asked to name five (5) topics from its original list, that did not appear in the cross-national list, which they consider vital to their national location. With these included, 37 topics appeared in the web-based ‘questionnaire.’
It is important however to describe the origin of all background information used
in those national workshops, so in this section we present all activities and
methods that we brought into play.
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First steps involved environmental scanning techniques such as literature
reviews, the elaboration of the Knowledge Society Handbook and several
indicator reports. The handbook is a guide to Foresight and to making decisions
to undertake activity in the field. It is illustrated with some examples drawn from
relevant activities around the world, while a series of Annexes provide more
discussion, essays and resource materials for those wishing to pursue matters
more deeply. This background material allowed us to organize a cross-national
workshop. The workshop took place in Brussels, on November 21-22, 2002
within the context of a broader meeting organised by the European Foundation
for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, on the topic “European
Knowledge Society Foresight – the Missing Link between technology foresight
and the Lisbon Objective?”
In the workshop a brainstorming session with more than 150 participants
opened the discussion about future drivers and trend impacts of the knowledge
society. The method used here involved the social, technological, economic,
environmental, political (STEEP) framework (see Box 1), which provides a
convenient way of orienting attention across the range of possible factors.
Box 1: STEEP framework
Social Circumstances and (especially) trends concerning people and their everyday social relationships: demographics, lifestyles, families, health, crime, and education.
Technological Circumstances and (especially) trends concerning the development and application of new knowledge about the world: scientific and technological developments.
Economic
Circumstances and (especially) trends concerning market relations: conditions in international, national, regional, and local economies, including developments in the labour force, income, and the infrastructure.
Environmental
Circumstances and (especially) trends concerning natural and physical environments and human impacts on these: related to energy, resources, pollution, reuse and recycling, biodiversity, protecting ecological bases, food protection, and air and water quality.
Political
Circumstances and (especially) trends concerning political relations between social groups, states and governments at all levels: political conflict and modes of governance, political participation, government policies, legislation, regulation, litigation, and court decisions.
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The driving factors obtained through the brainstorming exercise were synthesised
in a list of 15 KS drivers (see box 2) and plotted against a matrix where
participants of the workshop had to assess the impact of each factor over a set of
10 provisional trends (see box 3) related to living conditions, industrial relations
and working conditions.
Box 2: List of KS driving factors
Provisional Knowledge Society Driving Factors
D 01. Decreasing confidence of (e-) transactions and data protection
D 02. More demand for low skill services but decreasing supply
D 03. Enlargement of EU to 25+ and even more
D 04. Increasing rate of climate change and global warming
D 05. Increasing degree of artificial environment – preference to spend leisure time
in e.g. theme parks, virtual reality entertainment, etc. rather than natural
environments
D 06. Growing Importance of Environmental Education
D 07. Glocalisation: Development of Global Governance and emergence of local
interests increases complexity of interactions
D 08. Changing political priorities, e.g. sustainability
D 09. Evolution of democracy in an E-Government Environment
D 10. Increasing ageing society intensified especially by EU Enlargement
D 11. Growing heterogeneity in family forms
D 12. Challenges for social security and public health care
D 13. Wide application of new technologies in public services with wide implications
– for health, education (but also privacy concerns)
D 14. Widespread development and diffusion of new methods for producing,
locating, sharing and managing knowledge for individuals and organisations
D 15. Continuing increases in all aspects of ICT performance (e.g. wireless
connectivity, storage, size)
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This activity was labelled CIA - critical influence analysis (It is a modification of
the traditional Cross-Impact Analysis method where the number of repetitive
judgements usually required from participants is considerably reduced).
The workshop also gave the project team an opportunity to work together, see
tools and techniques in action, and share the experience of involving social
actors in group decision processes. This CIA method combined various elements
that are often used in Foresight workshops, including a process whereby
participants identify and analyze drivers of change and important factors that
these influence, attempt to give some priority to their considerations, etc. While
this yields formal outputs in the form of lists of factors and topics, hints as to
Box 3: List of trend Impacts on LC, IR and WC
Impacts on Living Conditions, Industrial Relations & Working Conditions
I 01. Work pressure increasingly strains work-life balance
I 02. Emergence of new forms of childcare and care for elderly
I 03. Emergence of a two-tier society sees the weal thy move to private service
provision, whilst public services for the poor beco me poor services
I 04. Uncertainty and constraints in the workplace create more stress and
associated health problems
I 05. Aging workforce is increasingly unsuited to l ong hours
I 06. Increased levels of (cyber) security by firms creates increased
surveillance of employees
I 07. More multi-location work
I 08. Divergent trends to more individual contracts and neo-Taylorist working
conditions
I 09. Trade unions become more innovative in recrui ting and retaining various
segments of the workforce (e.g. temporary/contract workers)
I 10. Take up of unskilled jobs by economic migrant s leads to friction between
native and foreign workers
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issues that should be examined, and so on, it needs to be stressed that a major
role of such methods is to provide a structured context for discussion in small
groups. The idea is that the specific methods push participants to sharing
knowledge, and to break out of their standard ways of presenting and absorbing
inputs. Full analysis of participants’ judgments could not be conducted at the
workshop itself, but some processing, and analysis was possible using an online
foresight software. The CIA exercise aimed:
(a) To identify KS drivers influences over the trend impacts on LC, WC and IR;
(b) To identify the most reinforced and inhibited trend impacts;
(c) To identify consistent KS drivers;
(d) To identify the most robust and fragile impacts; and
(e) To map positive and negative correlation between the KS drivers.
All information obtained was evaluated and discussed at the final session of the
workshop. The main outcomes of the CIA activity were: (1) the identification of
key issues to be addressed in the panel discussions of the national workshops
and (2) the detection of shared KS-topics to be considered in the preparation of
Delphi statements. These results provided considerable food for thought in the
next activities and meetings of the project team.
Since December 2002 national panels and national workshops were organized
in the core pilot countries of the study (Germany, Greece and Finland) for the
identification of KS trends and issues related to the knowledge society and
the discussion of KS indicator reports produced by the German partner
(Empirica). Several prioritisation activities were also carried out by the project
partners (Atlantis, Empirica, FFRC) and PREST with the aim of digesting the
large amount of information obtained in each stage of the project. The national
workshops were also looking at issues concerning their national priorities and
therefore most prioritisation discussions considered two criteria for weighting the
KS trends: importance for the country and level uncertainty.
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Preparation of Euforia Delphi structure and stateme nts
Based on the analysis and synthesis of the above-mentioned methods a
comprehensive list of statements and a set of criteria for evaluating impacts on
living conditions, industrial relations and working conditions was prepared at
PREST. About 10 internal meetings were necessary for the preparation of the
final list of statements. The procedure used in the development of the statement
required the used of various data sorting and evaluation analysis. All over we
should keep in mind that the Euforia project as a whole is attempting to serve two
purposes:
� Primarily, to demonstrate, as a development project, that Foresight (a) can be
applied to explore the nature of a knowledge society in Europe, a notion that
stems from the Lisbon conference, and (b) to illustrate appropriate tools for
the Foresight process in this context
� Secondarily, to provide a minimum of concrete outcomes relating to living
conditions, working conditions and industrial relations and a European
knowledge society
In early Delphi meetings the project team thought that the survey should have a
maximum of 20-25 statements. However after analyzing, synthesizing and
clustering the outcomes of all information available the number cross-national
statements increased to 30. It was also agreed to include two more statements
proposed by the project sponsor. So, after each country provided their five
statements related to national specificities the final number of statements
augmented to 37. We would like to share that minimum 3 to 4 weeks are
necessary for the preparation of a considerable good quality list of statements. At
PREST the first week meetings were dealing with points 1 to 3, during the
second week we managed to complete points 4 and 5, and finally points 6 and 7
were concluded by the end of the third week. We should also highlight that minor
editing and polishing were done in what could be considered a forth week
dedicated to consultation and validation of the work.
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Clustering the statements into six categories
There were two main reasons for clustering the final list of 32 statements into six
categories. The first reason is related to the limited capability of human mind to
process and store large quantity of data. Technically each statement was
composed of 25 to 30 words, which multiplied by 32 represented quite a difficult
amount of information to be remembered in an unstructured format. Therefore, a
simple framework was required in order to help prospective participants to recall
issues of interest. The second reason was more practical in the sense that it was
related to the way participants entered and answered their questionnaire. By
providing six categories participants could access, if they wish, only the questions
related to one specific category and send their partial questionnaire, thus making
completion of the Delphi much faster and easier. The 32 cross-national
statements were clustered into the following six broad categories:
(1) Governance and mobility: issues such as the way EU governments interact
with citizens and labour organizations; working force immigration and
emigration; the use of technology and ICT by governments; etc.
(2) Health and privacy: issues such as the way EU policies deal with genetic
engineering; civil liberties, health monitoring; DNA screening; creation of
genetic databanks; etc.
(3) Industrial relations: issues such as the way EU industries manage their
networks; monitoring and supervision through electronic means; employment
contracts; role of trade unions; decision-making practices; etc.
(4) Living conditions: issues such as the way EU citizens behave and live; ethics;
justice; education; social isolation and loneliness; life-long learning; work-life
balance and family relations; role of ICT in everyday life; etc.
(5) Sustainability and development: issues such as the way European countries
deal with sustainable development; regional employment; business
management practices; environmental technologies; wealth creation and
quality of life; effects of EU enlargement; etc.
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(6) Working conditions: issues such as the way European countries deal with
gender-related work inequalities; working time; forms of employment;
organizational learning; violence and harassment at work; etc.
Criteria for assessing the development of the state ment
For the evaluation of the development of the statements PREST team had
various discussions on whether the Delphi should be exploratory (asking when
something will happen) rather than normative (asking how far a development has
ensued by a certain year in question). The latter option was chosen because we
wanted to used the results for (1) creating a picture of shared visions driving the
European Knowledge Society and (2) preparing some policy recommendations
enlightening the uncertain paths of KS drivers positively impacting on Living
Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions.
Regarding the year in question the discussions where between taking 2015 or
2025 as the time horizon for the Delphi. Year 2015 was finally chosen because
of the proximity to the timeframe (2010) proposed in the Lisbon Summit for
Europe to become ‘the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based
economy, capable of sustained economic growth with more and better jobs and
greater social cohesion.’
Euforia Delphi therefore asked from participants to indicate the level of
development of each statement by the year 2015. The following five options were
provided:
(1) the statements underestimates the situation by 2015;
(2) the statement is about right by 2015;
(3) the statement overestimates the situation by 2015;
(4) the statement will not follow this path; and,
(5) the statement is too uncertain (participant does not know or cannot provide
any judgement on the development of the statement).
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Factors considered for assessing impacts over LC, I R and WC
The final set of responses asked for participants’ judgement about the effect of
each statement on the 9 factors specified below. These are related to the Lisbon
conclusions. The specified factors were:
1. Social cohesion – those features of society that relate to social integration and
the reduction of conflict between or within social groupings
2. Social exclusion or divides – any matters that create or exacerbate inequality
and inequity between or within social groupings including the ‘digital divide,’
access to education, gender and other equality related issues.
3. Sustainability/environmental quality – those matters that influence the
development of the natural and built environments in which future generations
will live
4. Employer-employee relations – includes the role of trade unions,
management, and employees including employment standards as set by
regulations and directives
5. Economic growth/wealth creation – those matters that increase national
income and strengthen the industrial base
6. Entrepreneurship and innovativeness – those matters that enable and promote
new products, processes and services in existing businesses and the
formation of new businesses in novel fields
7. Employee exercise of autonomy and responsibility at work – including the
advancement of the quality of working life through freedom to make decisions,
to exercise management of time and to embark on retraining
8. Work-life balance – those matters that enable people to manage the stresses
caused by for example the pressures arising from longer and unsocial working
conditions
9. Job creation – refers to the expansion of employment opportunities at all skill
levels irrespective of gender
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Criteria for assessing influences on each factor
Participants were asked to record their judgment of the influence of each
statement on the above factors by selecting from the criteria listed below. They
were also allowed to enter responses to as many of the factors as they wished.
(1) the statement would strongly increase/improve the factor
(2) the statement would increase/improve the factor
(3) the statement would have no effect on the factor
(4) the statement would decrease/deteriorate the factor
(5) the statement would strongly decrease/deteriorate the factor
Criteria for assessing the degree of expertise of t he participant
For each topic question participants were asked to indicate your level of expertise
related to the responses you have made using the following criteria.
1. Unfamiliar (participant knows nothing of the topic)
2. Casually acquainted (if the participant have read or heard about the topic
in the media or other popular presentations)
3. Familiar with the topic (if the participant knows most of the arguments
advanced for and against some of the issues surrounding it, you have
read about it, and have formed some opinion about it).
4. Knowledgeable in the topic:
a. if the participant knew a lot about the topic some time ago but feel
somewhat rusty now
b. if the participant is learning about the topic and/or is involved in it now
so that s/he is locally or publicly visible in it or responsible for it in an
organisation
c. if the participant works in a neighbouring field and occasionally draw
upon or contribute to the development of this topic
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Preparation of Euforia Delphi Website
The preparation of the Delphi website started after the first internal meeting on
the Delphi structure and statements. The development of the website is still an
ongoing process since the section on reports and results grows as the project
evolves. Three demo versions were initially created for each partner to feedback
on proposed structure and design of the online Delphi. The construction of the
multi-lingual Delphi was finalised in about four weeks, this activity was running in
parallel with the internal Delphi meetings3. The final structure of the website is an
improved version of other online Delphi surveys previously designed by Rafael
Popper4: http://les.man.ac.uk/PREST/euforia/
There were though new approaches tested in Euforia Delphi. The most
remarkable one is the use of four languages for the questionnaires and for other
relevant documents (i.e. guidance, FAQs, etc.). As mentioned in the introduction
the use of Greek language required additional features from the Delphi software
package, opportunely an upgraded version of the system supporting the
evaluation of Greek characters was quickly provided to PREST. For the
preparation of images and web pages in Greek we also had to acquire recent
versions of graphical and web designing packages. The reason for stressing
these practical problems is to show some of the unexpected obstacles that can
emerge from one single decision of translating activities into other languages.
The online Delphi also had to allow participants using old computers with slow
processors and dial-up connections to access the questionnaire, so all these
factors were also taken into consideration for the final design.
3 See section on Preparation of Delphi structure and statements. 4 The Euforia Delphi site has combined:
a) Some of the technical features (i.e. template customization and multi-user access) successfully implemented in a three-round panel-based online Hungarian Delphi on Waste Disposal Systems (carried out by the Futures Studies Centre of the Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration in 2002-2003).
b) Some of the practical features such as the use of images, pop-up windows and language-based access already designed and tested in two pilot Venezuelan online Delphi surveys: � The first was designed for the Venezuelan World Future Society in 2001. � The second for the National Experimental University “Francisco de Miranda” in 2002.
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Euforia Delphi also had multi-level accesses. In the first level participants had to
choose their country (Greece, Germany, Finland and other countries though an
international access) and their sector (research, public, private, NGO and other).
In the second level participants were given the option to access the whole
questionnaire or to access by category5. We should mention here that accesses
were also created in each language (English, Greek, German and Finnish).
It is important to highlight that before the end of the first round of Euforia Delphi
there were already two different research activities6 in UK requesting from
PREST team an authorization to use in their Delphi surveys similar structure and
design as the ones prepared in the Euforia Delphi website.
Analysis of Euforia Website
Euforia site was design in parallel with the online Delphi survey but it was
available for visits since February 2003 (about 9 weeks before the launching of
the Delphi). In box 4 we present the traffic of the whole website from February to
July 13th 2003. It is possible to observe a great number of requests from the
second week of February and after the ninth of March when several documents
were made available to the public (i.e. Knowledge Society Handbook, Euforia
Cross-national Workshop Report, and various power point presentations).
The website had during in its first 6 months an average of 75 pages visited per
day. The total amount of data transfer of the site reached 1.349 Gbytes, thus
making an average data transfer per day of 6.858 Mbytes.
From the box we can clearly see a peak in the first week of April when the Delphi
was officially launched. Visits to the site continued afterwards quite regular until
the last week of May when the First Round was officially closed. The Second
5 (i) Governance and mobility, (ii) health and privacy, (iii) industrial relations, (iv) living conditions, (v) sustainability and development, and (vi) working conditions. 6 The first request came from a PhD researcher from PREST and therefore it was possible to used PREST license to online foresight tools to create additional independent Delphi surveys with similar structure and graphical design as the one already prepared for Euforia Delphi. The second request came from CROMTEC institute which already had a license to the software package, so it was also possible to implement Euforia Delphi structure and design in their questionnaires.
33
Round was launched on the first week of June and this explains the emergence
of a second crest. By comparing the traffic during each round we should bear in
mind that Round 2 going on at the same time European summer holiday season
started.
It is also important to take into account the list of extensions or countries visiting
and downloading information from the website. In the following page is the list of
the top 68 extensions with their country of origin in brackets (if recognised) and
the percentage of bytes downloaded.
Box 4: Traff ic of Euforia Website (February – July 2003) Each unit ( ) represents 40 requests for pages or part thereof. week beg.: reqs: pages: ---------: -----: -----: 2/Feb/03: 2: 2: 9/Feb/03: 10: 10: 16/Feb/03: 6312: 366: 23/Feb/03: 2399: 217: 2/Mar/03: 2649: 189: 9/Mar/03: 8473: 1079: 16/Mar/03: 6278: 557: 23/Mar/03: 3520: 392: 30/Mar/03: 19670: 1016: 6/Apr/03: 31981: 1599: 13/Apr/03: 9864: 729: 20/Apr/03: 15203: 801: 27/Apr/03: 16940: 989: 4/May/03: 12826: 804: 11/May/03: 16309: 887: 18/May/03: 10169: 759: 25/May/03: 3895: 399: 1/Jun/03: 17787: 1170: 8/Jun/03: 10800: 743: 15/Jun/03: 5752: 482: 22/Jun/03: 4598: 445: 29/Jun/03: 2560: 555: 6/Jul/03: 5482: 564: 13/Jul/03: 6559: 395:
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Listing extensions of the Euforia Website traffic (Sorted by amount of traffic)
1-34 Requests: %bytes: extension 35-68 Requests: %bytes: extension
1 64528: 24.90%: .uk 35 110: 0.17%: .th (Thailand)
2 46422: 18.80%: [Unres. num. address] 36 119: 0.13%: .cz (Czech Republic)
3 11628: 12.54%: .com (Commercial) 37 15: 0.13%: .sg (Singapore)
4 9140: 10.15%: .net (Network) 38 389: 0.12%: .cy (Cyprus)
5 32350: 7.38%: .gr (Greece) 39 3: 0.11%: .is (Iceland)
6 22844: 7.03%: .fi (Finland) 40 1: 0.11%: .id (Indonesia)
7 7583: 2.22%: .de (Germany) 41 544: 0.09%: .pl (Poland)
8 2525: 2.16%: .es (Spain) 42 23: 0.08%: .mx (Mexico)
9 1958: 2.15%: .it (Italy) 43 1: 0.05%: .us (United States)
10 1108: 0.98%: .nl (Netherlands) 44 1: 0.05%: .lu (Luxembourg)
11 1357: 0.93%: .at (Austria) 45 1: 0.05%: .pk (Pakistan)
12 978: 0.90%: .lv (Latvia) 46 239: 0.04%: .hu (Hungary)
13 1370: 0.79%: .fr (France) 47 39: 0.04%: .tw (Taiwan)
14 727: 0.73%: .ee (Estonia) 48 199: 0.04%: .no (Norway)
15 1933: 0.71%: .be (Belgium) 49 166: 0.03%: .il (Israel)
16 1139: 0.51%: .mt (Malta) 50 57: 0.03%: .uy (Uruguay)
17 709: 0.50%: .se (Sweden) 51 206: 0.03%: .ie (Ireland)
18 323: 0.48%: .br (Brazil) 52 34: 0.03%: .ru (Russia)
19 454: 0.46%: .au (Australia) 53 121: 0.02%: .nz (New Zealand)
20 1102: 0.42%: .tr (Turkey) 54 118: 0.02%: .hr (Croatia)
21 355: 0.39%: .ch (Switzerland) 55 114: 0.02%: .jm (Jamaica)
22 332: 0.35%: .jp (Japan) 56 149: 0.02%: .lt (Lithuania)
23 1986: 0.33%: .dk (Denmark) 57 68: 0.02%: .py (Paraguay)
24 78: 0.30%: .ar (Argentina) 58 3: 0.01%: .ua (Ukraine)
25 637: 0.30%: .ca (Canada) 59 53: 0.01%: .si (Slovenia)
26 244: 0.29%: .org (Non-Profit Making Org)
60 58: 0.01%: .int (International)
27 1246: 0.29%: .pe (Peru) 61 35: 0.01%: .ph (Philippines)
28 527: 0.25%: .bg (Bulgaria) 62 2: 0.01%: .cl (Chile)
29 301: 0.24%: .edu (USA Educational) 63 32: 0.01%: .sk (Slovakia)
30 122: 0.23%: .za (South Africa) 64 32: 0.01%: .kr (South Korea)
31 496: 0.20%: .pt (Portugal) 65 35: 0.01%: .ve (Venezuela)
32 339: 0.19%: .co (Colombia) 66 1: : .mil (USA Military)
33 64: 0.18%: .my (Malaysia) 67 29: : .ws (Samoa)
34 133: 0.17%: .ro (Romania) 68 25: : .gov (USA Government)
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Another remarkable finding after analysing the website statistics is the
proportional equilibrium between HTML type files and documents download.
There was around 50% of traffic on web pages (.htm+.gif+.jpg+.css) and about
45% documents downloaded (.pdf+.doc+.ppt).
For those interested in managing and marketing online Delphi surveys the
following box may be interest since it shows the day of the week when
participants generally enter the site. Here we can see a slight peak on
Wednesday however the distribution is quite homogeneous during working days.
Finally, we would like to highlight that Saturday’s traffic went beyond our
expectations, surpassing Tuesday’s and Thursday’s figures. This fact may be
considered when sending promotional material and emails to prospective
participants.
Box 5: Chart of extensions of requested files
Box 6: Total activit y for each day of the week, summed over the period.
Each unit ( ) represents 80 requests for pages or part thereof. day: reqs: pages: ---: -----: -----: Sun: 12132: 1150: Mon: 39528: 2401: Tue: 34754: 2011: Wed: 47282: 2764: Thu: 34993: 2053: Fri: 38156: 2462: Sat: 13215: 2330:
36
EVALUATION OF GENERAL RESULTS
The evaluation of Euforia Delphi results can certainly undertake quite a large
number of approaches. The Delphi questionnaire evaluated a wide range of KS
trends influencing the most relevant dimensions of the European Union (social,
technological, economic, environmental, political and ethical). So results could
also be used later on to prepare a detailed analysis of the KS implications within
each dimension. In this section we would like to highlight some of the general
findings of the Delphi by presenting a holistic or multi-dimensional analysis of the
results.
It is important to bear in mind that Euforia Delphi had the great challenge of
including every-day-life and social issues from a macro-regional perspective
(EU15). For this reason some of the statements may not be seen as futuristic
enough or suitable for every EU country. In addition to the participation of
selected EU experts, the contribution of interested citizens and researchers from
all over the world was also allowed. Therefore, some results of Euforia Delphi
may highlight developments that are already in a quite advanced stage in leading
European countries.
All results (statistics and charts) are included in the annexes. In this section we
analyse some general results. By general results we mean the aggregation of
pilot countries results (Greece, Germany and Finland) as well as the international
results (sex box 7 in the next page).
A total of 208 participants answered the Delphi. About 70% of responses reflect
the views of participants from the 3 pilot countries. Other 22 countries contributed
with an outstanding 30% of the responses, thus increasing to 25 the total number
of participating countries. Most responses were from current EU members and
37
candidate countries, however 7 other countries from Asia and The Americas
have also raised their voice and shared their concerns about the Knowledge
Society Foresights by year 2015.
When looking at the chart in box 7 the reader may consider that each of the six
Delphi categories represented a sub-questionnaire. In this sense, out of a total of
591 questionnaires (full + partial questionnaires) received 125 were from
international participants. Around 38% of the international respondents did not
provide their personal information (Euforia Delphi only required a valid email
address allowing anonymity). So this chart shows the international participation.
Box 7: Distribution of the 125 international quest ionnaires (22 countries contributing to the Delphi through the op en access).
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES(NOTE: Only 62% of the international participants
provided their country of origin)
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Austria
Belgium
Brasil
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Norway
Paraguay
Portugal
Slovenia
South Korea
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
USA
Venezuela
N.A.
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KS general (cross-national & International Communit y) results
In this section presents the analysis of the Knowledge Society trends more likely
to characterise Europe by 2015. These are KS trends where participants stated
that the development of the situation is about right by the year 2015. Out of the
32 statements only 11 were seen by participants as trends that will characterize
the European Knowledge Society in 2015 (see in annex 1 the participants’
opinions about the development of the statements). Some other statements were
believed to overestimate the development of the situation by 2015 and they will
be analyzed in the section about prospective policy areas.
In the next page the 11 statements are plotted in a table that shows their impacts
over 9 factors related to living conditions, industrial relations and working
conditions. The table illustrates the type of relationship between a list of KS
trends (statements) and the nine LC, IR and WC factors. This relationship is
expressed using the following abbreviations:
� I = indicates that participants agreed that the statement will increase or improve the
factor by year 2015
� I? = indicates that a considerable number of participants believed that the statement will
increase/improve the factor but there is still a substantial amount of participants
thinking that the statement will have no effect over the factor
� D = indicates that participants agreed that the statement will increase or improve the
factor by year 2015
� D? = indicates that a considerable number of participants believed that the statement will
decrease/deteriorate the factor but still some people think that the statement will
have no effect over it
� NE = indicates that most participants agreed that the statements will have no effect over
the factor by year 2015
� NE? = indicates that a considerable number of participants believed that the statement will
have no effect over the factor but still a few people think that it could either have a
reinforcing or inhibiting effect
� ?? = indicates that there is a flat distribution over the options or that there is a bimodal
distribution. This indicates that there is great uncertainty about the impact of the
statement on the specific factor
39
KS trends more likely characterising Europe in year 2015
Chart of trends that are about right by 2015 and th eir impacts over LC, IR & WC Living Conditions Industrial Relations Working Conditions
stat
emen
ts
Social Cohesion
Social exclusion or
divides
Sustainability / environmental
quality
Employer-employee relations
Economic growth / wealth
creation
Entrepreneur-ship and
innovativeness
Employee autonomy and responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
St. 02 I ?? I NE I I I? ?? ?? St. 06 ?? ?? ?? ?? I I ?? ?? I St. 09 I ?? NE? NE I I NE NE? I St. 12 ?? ?? I ?? I I I ?? I St. 13 ?? ?? I ?? I I I ?? I St. 18 I D I? I? I I? NE? NE I St. 20 I ?? I? I I I I ?? I St. 21 D I NE D D? ?? ?? D NE? St. 24 I D? SI NE? I I NE? NE? I St. 27 I D NE I I I I? ?? I? St. 30 I ?? NE ?? I I? NE? ?? ??
SI = STRONGLY INCREASES; I = INCREASES; NE = NO EFFECT; D = DECREASES ? = THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY; ?? = TOO UNCERTAIN (BIMODAL DISTRIBUTION)
Abbrev. Category Statement
St. 02 Governance &
mobility
Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
St. 06 Governance &
mobility
EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
St. 09 Health & privacy Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence.
St. 12 Industrial relations New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country.
St. 13 Industrial relations A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
St. 18 Living conditions Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
St. 20 Living conditions Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
St. 21 Living conditions Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
St. 24 Sustainability &
development
Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
St. 27 Working conditions
Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
St. 30 Working conditions Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
40
Analysis of KS general results
The information of the table above is analysed in two different ways. Firstly we
present the KS trends ranked by the degree and type of their impacts (horizontal
analysis). Secondly, we describe how the improvement of selected LC, IR and
WC factors is perceived by 2015 (vertical analysis).
Horizontal analysis of the synthesis results
The 1st reinforcing KS trend: Life-long learning
Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of
workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their
working life.
Life-long learning was believed to improve all 3 industrial relations factors
(employer-employee relations, economic growth / wealth creation, and
entrepreneurship and innovativeness). It is also believed that life-long learning
will improve the employee autonomy and responsibility as well as creating more
jobs. Although there is uncertainty in the type of impact that life-long learning will
have on work-life balance we should notice that it will improve social cohesion.
Effects over social exclusion or divides are also uncertain.
Even though a considerable number of participants believe that life-long learning
will improve sustainability and environmental quality, there is still a substantial
amount of people thinking that it will have no effect over sustainability.
The 2nd reinforcing KS trend: Use of environmental technologies
Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of
sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
The use of environmental technologies was believed to strongly improve
sustainability and environmental quality in Europe. It was also perceived that
environmental technologies will increase social cohesion, economic growth /
wealth and job creation. A considerable number of participants believed that the
use of environmental technologies will have no effect over employer-employee
41
relations, employee autonomy and responsibility and work-life balance but still a
few people think that it could either have a reinforcing or inhibiting effect.
Ultimately many participants believed that the use of environmental technologies
will decrease social exclusion or divides but some other people think that it will
have no effect.
The 3rd reinforcing KS trend: Decrease of gender-related pay inequalities
Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country encourage female
entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated,
leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
The introduction of social and policy changes for women to entry male-dominated
jobs was seen by participants as a KS trend that will increase all 3 industrial
relations factors (employer-employee relations, economic growth / wealth
creation, and entrepreneurship and innovativeness) as well as social cohesion. A
great number of participants believed that social and policy changes to reduce
gender-related inequalities will represent more employee autonomy and
responsibility at work and also create more jobs, but there is still a substantial
amount of opinions about the statement not having any effect over those two
factors at all. On the other hand it was agreed that such policies will certainly
reduce social exclusion or divides. Finally, it was also perceived that further
development of this trend will have no effect over sustainability and
environmental quality.
The 4th reinforcing KS trend: New forms of networked business organisation
Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation, that were
unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a
substantial level of economic activity in my country.
The emergence of new forms of networked business organisations was believed
to improve two of the industrial relations factors (economic growth / wealth
creation, and entrepreneurship and innovativeness). But there was uncertainty
about the effects over employer-employee relations. It is also believed that new
42
forms of networked business organisations will improve the employee autonomy
and responsibility and also create more jobs.
Although there is uncertainty in the type of impact over work-life balance we
should observe that it will improve sustainability and environmental quality.
Effects of new forms of networked business organisations over social cohesion
and social exclusion or divides are also uncertain for most participants.
The 5th reinforcing KS trend: Use of electronic networks for remote supervision
Statement 13 : A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic
networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile
working), and new atypical forms of work.
The use of electronic networks for remote supervision was perceived have the
same effect over the selected factors as statement 12. That is, improving two of
the industrial relations factors (economic growth / wealth creation, and
entrepreneurship and innovativeness). But there was also uncertainty about the
effects over employer-employee relations. It is also believed that the use of
electronic networks for remote supervision will improve the employee autonomy
and responsibility and also create more jobs.
Although there is uncertainty in the type of impact over work-life balance we
should observe that it will improve sustainability and environmental quality.
Effects of electronic networks over social cohesion and social exclusion or
divides are also uncertain for most participants.
The 6th reinforcing KS trend: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance
Statement 02: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances
transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen
and the state in my country.
The widespread use of ICT in e-governance was seen by participants as a KS
trend that will increase two industrial relations factors (economic growth / wealth
creation, and entrepreneurship and innovativeness). Participants also think that
further development of this trend will have no effect over employer-employee
43
relations. Furthermore, the widespread use of ICT in e-governance will increase
social cohesion and sustainability / environmental quality. A considerable
number of participants believed that the use of ICT in e-governance will increase
the employee autonomy and responsibility at work but there is still a substantial
amount of opinions that the statement will have no effect over the factor.
Uncertainties about the impacts of ICT in e-governance were reported in the way
it will affect social exclusion or divides, work-life balance and job creation.
The 7th reinforcing KS trend: Harmonisation of educational standards
Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification)
across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational
system.
The harmonisation of educational standards was perceived by participants as a
KS trend that will increase economic growth / wealth creation, job creation and
social cohesion. Participants also think that further development of this trend will
have no effect over work-life balance and doubts arise whether it would not have
any effect on employee autonomy and responsibility at work.
In addition, a considerable number of participants believed that harmonisation of
educational standards will increase the sustainability / environmental quality,
employer-employee relations and entrepreneurship and innovativeness but there
is still a substantial amount of opinions that the statement will have no effect over
those factors. Social exclusion or divides was believed to decrease.
The 8th reinforcing KS trend: Use of telemedicine & online health monitoring
Statement 09: Widespread use of telemedicine and online health monitoring
systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related
diseases to maintain their independence.
The use of telemedicine and online health monitoring was believed improve to
economic growth / wealth creation, and entrepreneurship and innovativeness. It
was also perceived that social cohesion and job creation will increase. A
considerable number of participants believed that the use telemedicine and
44
online health monitoring will have no effect over sustainability / environmental
quality and work-life balance but some people still think that it could either have a
reinforcing or inhibiting effect.
Finally, many participants believed that there will be no effect over employer-
employee relations and employee autonomy and responsibility at work.
Regarding the impacts over the social exclusion or divides there was no
agreement on the type of effect.
The 9th reinforcing KS trend: Increased family stress and conflict
Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most
workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and
conflict.
This negative KS trend was believed to decrease social cohesion, employer-
employee relations and work-life balance. Doubts arise on whether this trend will
slow down economic growth and wealth creation. Social exclusion and divides
were believed to increase and pretty much uncertainty was detected on the way
this trend will affect entrepreneurship and innovativeness and employee
autonomy and responsibility at work. Work-life balance deterioration and the
rising of family stress and conflict was perceived as an independent phenomenon
with no effect over sustainability and environmental quality. Although a
considerable number of participants believed that the statement will have no
effect over job creation, there were still some participants who think that it could
either have a reinforcing or inhibiting effect.
The 10th reinforcing KS trend: Abandonment of common retirement notions
Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement
in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
The widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement was
perceived by participants as a KS trend that will mainly increase economic
growth / wealth creation as well as social cohesion. A considerable number of
participants believed that the trend will increase employee autonomy and
45
responsibility at work but there is still a substantial amount of people think that
trend will have no effect over the factor. It was also perceived that most effects
over working condition factors (work-life balance and job creation) over social
exclusion or divides and employer-employee relations were very uncertain.
The 11th reinforcing KS trend: Promotion of labour market mobility
Statement 06: EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite
resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
The promotion of labour market mobility was seen to impact positively on
economic growth and wealth creation. It can also underpin entrepreneurship,
innovativeness as well as to contribute to the creation of more jobs. However we
should highlight that there is too much uncertainty on how labour mobility
influences over any of the living condition (social cohesion, social exclusion,
sustainability and environmental quality). There was not consensus either how
labour mobility will impact on employer-employee relations, employee autonomy
and responsibility and finally over work-life balance. Therefore, in order to make a
valid assessment on this issue further research needs to be carried out in order
to determine the reasons for such an uncertain behaviour of this KS trend.
46
Vertical analysis of the synthesis results
The vertical analysis of the results will allow us to understand the evolution of the
9 factors considered for the evaluation of the KS impacts on living conditions,
industrial relations and working conditions. Before going further into the analysis
of the results it is important to remember WHY we have selected these factors.
At this point it will be useful to recall the Lisbon goal of EU to become ‘the most
competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy, capable of sustained
economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.’
The idea of a competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy (strategy 1) is
relatively considered in the IR factor related to entrepreneurship and
innovativeness. The idea of a capable of sustained (strategy 2) economic growth
(strategy 3) is strongly considered in the LC factor related to sustainability and
environmental quality and the IR factor related to economic growth and wealth
creation. The idea of more (strategy 4) and better jobs (strategy 5) is strongly
considered in all WC factors (job creation, work-life balance, employee autonomy
and responsibility at work) and in the IR factor related to employer-employee
relations. Finally, the idea of a greater social cohesion (strategy 6) is strongly
considered in two of the LC factors (social cohesion and social exclusion or
divides).
Having the above-mention Lisbon strategies7 and KS factors relationships in
mind will help the reader of this report to understand the importance of identifying
those factors that have been highly reinforced by the most dominant trends
characterising the Knowledge Society in Europe by the year 2015. The
reinforcement of such factors by the different KS trends could give a rough idea
of whether developments undergoing in Europe may lead the Communities to
reach some of goals of the Lisbon Summit.
7 The subdivision of the Lisbon goal into six strategies have been done by the author of this report in order to present the analysis of Euforia Delphi results in a framework which may hopefully provide useful information for both policy and decision makers at the EU level.
47
The 1st reinforced factor: Economic growth / wealth creation
Reinforced by the following trends: 02, 06, 09, 12, 13, 18, 20, 24, 27 and 30.
Moderately inhibited by the following trend: 21.
Remarks: A strongly reinforced economic growth and wealth creation lead us
to the conclusion that the KS trends points towards the realisation of Lisbon
strategy 3.
The 2nd reinforced factor: Entrepreneurship and innovativeness
Reinforced by the following trends: 02, 06, 09, 12, 13, 20, 24, and 27.
Moderately reinforcement by the following trends: 18 and 30.
Uncertain effects of the following trend: 21.
Remarks: A strongly reinforced entrepreneurship and innovativeness lead us
to the conclusion that the KS trends contribute to the realisation of Lisbon
strategy 1.
The 3rd reinforced factor: Social Cohesion
Reinforced by the following trends: 02, 09, 18, 20, 24, 27 and 30.
Inhibited by the following trend: 21.
Uncertain effects of the following trends: 06, 12, 13.
Remarks: A strongly reinforced social cohesion leads us to the conclusion that
the KS trends contribute to the realisation of Lisbon strategy 6.
The 4th reinforced factor: Job creation
Reinforced by the following trends: 06, 09, 12, 13, 18, 20, and 24.
Moderately reinforced by the following trend: 27.
Doubts of no effect from the following trend: 21.
Uncertain effects of the following trends: 02 and 30.
Remarks: A strongly reinforced job creation leads us to the conclusion that the
KS trends also contribute to the realisation of Lisbon strategy 5.
48
The 5th reinforced factor: Sustainability and environmental quality
Strongly reinforced by the following trend: 24.
Moderately reinforced by the following trends: 18 and 20.
Reinforced by the following trends: 02, 12 and 13.
No effect from the following trends: 21, 27 and 30.
Doubts of no effect from the following trend: 09.
Uncertain effects of the following trend: 06.
Remarks: A moderately reinforced sustainability and environmental quality can
make us conclude that there are some KS trends contributing to the realisation
of Lisbon strategy 2.
The 6th reinforced factor: Employee autonomy and responsibility at work
Reinforced by the following trends: 12, 13 and 20.
Moderately reinforced by the following trends: 02 and 27.
No effect from the following trend: 09.
Doubts of no effect from the following trends: 18, 24 and 30.
Uncertain effects of the following trends: 06 and 21.
Remarks: A moderately reinforced employee autonomy and responsibility at
work leads us to the conclusion that the KS trends also contribute to the
realisation of Lisbon strategy 5.
The 7th reinforced factor: Employer-employee relations
Reinforced by the following trends: 20 and 27.
Moderately reinforced by the following trend: 18.
Inhibited by the following trend: 21.
No effect from the following trends: 02 and 09.
Doubts of no effect from the following trend: 24.
Uncertain effects of the following trends: 06, 12, 13, and 30.
Remarks: Weakly reinforced employer-employee relations could make us
conclude that there are still some impacts that contribute to the realisation of
Lisbon strategy 5.
49
Too uncertain factor: Social exclusion or divides
Reinforced by the following trend: 21.
Inhibited by the following trends: 18 and 27.
Doubts of no effect from the following trends: 24.
Uncertain effects of the following trends: 02, 06, 09, 12, 13, 20 and 30.
Remarks: A very week understating of the effects of the KS trends over social
exclusion and divides provide us very little information to make reasonable
good conclusion on how some of the KS trends as a whole contribute to the
Lisbon strategy 6.
Too uncertain factor: Work-life balance
Inhibited by the following trend: 21.
No effect from the following trend: 18.
Doubts of no effect from the following trends: 09 and 24.
Uncertain effects of the following trends: 02, 06, 12, 13, 20, 27 and 30.
Remarks: A very week understating of the effects of the KS trends over work-
life balance provide us very little information to make reasonable good
conclusion on how some of the KS trends as a whole contribute to the Lisbon
strategy 5.
50
LOCAL & SHARED VISIONS
This chapter focus only on the results of the three pilot countries: Germany,
Greece, and Finland. We should also keep in mind that participation was not
equally reached in the countries, as we can
observe in the chart to the left.
Of course, the identification of the profile of
respondents was also important. This is why we
asked from each participant to access the
questionnaire by selecting the sector which best
represented them. The chart below shows the
distribution of participants by sector in each
country.
The contribution of the
Delphi to the overall
Euforia project is
hampered by the very
uneven response rates. In
particular, the small
number of respondents for
Germany means much
caution is needed in
placing too much weight
on the country-specific
results.
With this in mind, the next page presents the list of cross-national KS trends
followed by four main sections: (1) visions for Greece 2015, (2) visions for
Germany 2015, (3) visions for Finland 2015 and (4) KS impacts by category.
PARTICIPATION
FinlandGermanyGreece
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Research Sector
Public Sector
Private Sector
NGO Sector
Other Sector
Finland Germany Greece
51
The table below shows the 32 statements consider in the three-country survey:
ID List of cross-national Delphi statements
01 The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015
02 Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country
03 Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country
04 New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country
05 Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
06 EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations
07 Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries
08 Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business
09 Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence
10 Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y
11 Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems
12 New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country
13 A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work
14 A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts
15 Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members
Indu
stria
l Rel
atio
ns
16 Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment
17 A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country
18 Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system
19 Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life
20 Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life
Livi
ng C
ondi
tions
21 Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict
22 The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation
23 New European styles of business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management
24 Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies
25 Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present
Sus
tain
abili
ty a
nd
Dev
elop
men
t
26 EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15
27 Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities
28 Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time
29 Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms of employment in my country
30 Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to
31 New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
32 There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures
52
Visions for Finland 2015 This section focus on the Delphi results for Finland. The five statements in the
table below were included only in the questionnaire distributed to the Finnish
participants. This was done with the intention of covering particular areas of
concern in the country and the areas were selected by the national centre.
ID Finnish statements
A By maintaining respectable basic services Finland remains a welfare society
B In Finland sustainable regional development remains important enabling the population in the countryside to be retained and the infrastructure in the periphery to be maintained.
C Finnish administrative structure undergoes rationalization increasing local democracy and co-operation between sub-regions.
D Centralization process increases in Finland. Population migrates to urban cores and the periphery undergoes negative net migration.
E The role of trade unions strengthens in Finland as a consequence of their new strategies. Trade unions have reshaped their operations and have started to offer new services to their members (such as new types of social security services).
The Finnish Delphi reached 53 people with a fairly equal representation of the
sectors: 28% from the public sector, 26% from the research sector, 25% from the
private sector and 21% from NGO and others altogether (see the chart of
distribution by sectors at the beginning of the chapter). The charts below show
the distribution of respondents by age and gender.
Distribution of Finnish Participants by Age
0% 50%
60+
50-59
40-49
30-39
20-29
No Selection
Distribution of Finnish Participants by Gender
FemaleMaleNo Selection
53
Development of KS Trends in Finland
In the Finnish First Delphi Round 18 statements showed more than 50% of
agreement about their level
of development by 2015
(green boxes). From those,
13 were selected as trends
that are about right by the
year 2015.
Out of the six categories,
trends about governance and
mobility are the most likely to
describe the KS in Finland.
Living conditions and
sustainable development
categories are in second and
third place in the number o
statements to be right by
2015. In the field of industrial
relations and working
conditions most participants
felt that the statements
overestimated the future
reality of the Finland society.
There are various bimodal
and interesting distributions
of opinions showing
uncertainty about the future of several topics (see yellow boxes).
Despite of the low response rate the Second Round results show very attention-
grabbing results where most unclear positions (bimodal distributions) have been
reconsidered. The following page presents a modified version of the above table.
1st Round Results Und
eres
timat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Is a
bout
rig
ht
Ove
rest
imat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Dev
elop
me
nts
will
not
follo
w
this
pat
h
I do
n’t k
now
/ to
o un
cert
ain
Statement 1 13% 36% 38% 8% 5% Statement 2 2% 69% 19% 7% 2% Statement 3 7% 40% 37% 12% 5% Statement 4 12% 36% 33% 12% 7% Statement 5 7% 40% 48% 5% 0%
Gov
erna
nce
&
Mob
ility
Statement 6 10% 38% 23% 23% 8% Statement 7 8% 21% 38% 21% 13% Statement 8 11% 26% 52% 4% 7% Statement 9 12% 40% 28% 12% 8%
Statement 10 8% 28% 32% 28% 4% Hea
lth &
P
rivac
y
Statement 11 0% 30% 41% 30% 0% Statement 12 9% 68% 12% 6% 6% Statement 13 16% 56% 22% 3% 3% Statement 14 6% 18% 42% 27% 6% Statement 15 3% 32% 41% 18% 6% In
dust
rial
rela
tions
Statement 16 0% 29% 48% 16% 6% Statement 17 4% 26% 56% 11% 4% Statement 18 0% 44% 33% 7% 15% Statement 19 12% 52% 20% 12% 4% Statement 20 7% 81% 7% 0% 4% Li
ving
co
nditi
ons
Statement 21 15% 65% 12% 4% 4% Statement 22 0% 18% 61% 14% 7% Statement 23 4% 46% 19% 8% 23% Statement 24 3% 62% 24% 3% 7% Statement 25 7% 30% 52% 7% 4%
Sus
tain
abili
ty
&
Dev
elop
men
t
Statement 26 0% 30% 33% 22% 15% Statement 27 3% 59% 32% 3% 3% Statement 28 11% 51% 31% 3% 3% Statement 29 0% 43% 46% 3% 9% Statement 30 6% 54% 26% 9% 6% Statement 31 6% 40% 49% 3% 3% W
orki
ng
cond
ition
s
Statement 32 3% 32% 44% 9% 12% Statement A 0% 55% 33% 3% 9% Statement B 3% 16% 59% 16% 6% Statement C 0% 61% 27% 6% 6% Statement D 6% 73% 15% 0% 6% F
inni
sh
stat
emen
ts
Statement E 0% 30% 45% 18% 6%
54
In order to facilitate the reading and comparison of the two tables we have
modified only the fields where major changes occurred. The arrows point out the
direction of the change in opinion and the yellow or entirely empty rows indicate
that no agreement or
consensus was reached on
the development of the
statement by 2015.
We would like to highlight
that this comparison is done
with the purpose of showing
the sort of analysis normally
carried out in Delphi studies
with high response rates in
both rounds.
The second round responses
pretty much show the typical
behavior of a reflective group
of participants, but due to the
low number of people
involved we will not consider
the changes in opinions as
valid representation of the
population in the first round.
The second round showed 27
trends with more than 50% of
agreement about their
development (green boxes). From those, 18 were selected as characteristics of
the Finnish society by 2015.
We would still however include some of these interesting results in the section
about visions for 2015.
After 2 nd Round Und
ere
stim
ate
s th
e si
tuat
ion
by
2015
Is a
bou
t rig
ht
Ove
rest
imat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Dev
elop
men
ts
will
not
follo
w
this
pat
h
I don
’t kn
ow /
too
unce
rtai
n
Statement 1 � 100% Statement 2 67% Statement 3 � 50% Statement 4 50% Statement 5 77%
Gov
erna
nce
&
Mob
ility
Statement 6 77% Statement 7 Statement 8 � 60% Statement 9 76% Statement 10 H
ealth
&
Priv
acy
Statement 11 � 75% Statement 12 � 100% Statement 13 68% Statement 14 Statement 15 � 68% In
dust
rial
rela
tions
Statement 16 � 68% Statement 17 100% Statement 18 Statement 19 68% Statement 20 � 80% Li
ving
co
nditi
ons
Statement 21 78% Statement 22 70% Statement 23 Statement 24 70% Statement 25 68%
Sus
tain
abili
ty
&
Dev
elop
men
t
Statement 26 � 68% Statement 27 58% Statement 28 Statement 29 Statement 30 Statement 31 W
orki
ng
cond
ition
s
Statement 32 Statement A 77% Statement B 60% Statement C 60% Statement D 77% F
inni
sh
stat
emen
ts
Statement E � 77%
55
This section presents KS trends where there is a clear majority in indicating that it
is about right as a characterisation of shared and unique visions for Finland.
Shared visions with Greece, Germany & International Community (Participants: Finland = 52, Germany = 19, Greece = 54, International Participants = 60)
ID Category Statements
2 Governance and Mobility
Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
13 Industrial Relations A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
20 Living Conditions Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
Shared visions with Germany & Greece ID Category Statements
5 Governance and
Mobility
Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies.
24 Sustainability and
development
Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
Shared visions with Greece (Participants: Finland = 52, Greece = 54)
ID Category Statements
27 Working Conditions
Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
21 Living Conditions Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
19 Living Conditions
Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life.
12 Industrial Relations New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country.
Unique visions (Participants: Finland = 52)
ID Category Statements
1 Governance and
Mobility
The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
28 Working Conditions Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
56
Finnish KS vignettes by category
This section presents in the form of short vignettes the statements that would
characterize the Finnish society by 2015. The vignettes also include some of the
trends showing remarkable changes in opinions after the second round. Please
take also into account the degree of knowledge of participants.
Vision 2015 for governance and mobility
“Due to the widespread use of ICT in e-governance, by 2015 the Finnish
society will have enhanced transparency in the procedures concerning the
relationship between the citizen and the state”.
2nd round results would include:
“EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite
resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations“.
“The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the
percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015“.
“New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly
strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in
widespread social control in Finland“.
“Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that
world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all
conceivable emergencies”.
Finnish Participants Know ledge on Governance & Mobi lity
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
57
Vision 2015 for health and privacy
“There is too much uncertainty on topics related to health and privacy in
Finland, so there are no clear characteristics of the situation in 2015”
2nd round results would include:
“Widespread use of telemedicine and online health monitoring systems
increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related
diseases to maintain their independence“.
Finnish Participants Knowledge on Health & Privacy
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for industrial relations
“By 2015 there is a major increase in the use of electronic networks for
remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working),
and new atypical forms of work“.
“There is also a major increase in the use of electronic networks for
remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working),
and new atypical forms of work”.
Finnish Participants Know ledge on Industrial Relati ons
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for living conditions
“By 2015 life-long learning is widely used with a majority of workers
undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their
58
working life. In terms of work-life balance social and employment policy
interventions do not succeed to decrease stress and conflicts within
workers’ families. In addition, the bigger reliance on Information and
Communications Technologies in working and everyday life increases
social isolation and loneliness”.
2nd round results would include:
“A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working
life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of
professions in Finland”.
Finnish Participants Know ledge on Living Conditions
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for sustainability and development
“There is great uncertainty on topics related to sustainability and
development in Finland. However, most opinions agree that Europe will be
a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of
environmental technologies”.
2nd round results would include:
“Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using
proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present”.
Finnish Participants Know ledge on Sustainable Devel opment
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
59
Vision 2015 for working conditions
“By 2015 social and policy changes in Finland encourage female entry into
professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading
to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
In addition, the widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in Finland leads
to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time”.
Finnish Participants Know ledge on Working Condition s
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for country-specific statements
“By maintaining respectable basic services Finland remains a welfare
society in 2015. Furthermore, the Finnish administrative structure
undergoes rationalization increasing local democracy and co-operation
between sub-regions. Due to the increased centralization process in
Finland population migrates to urban cores and the periphery undergoes
negative net migration”
2nd round results would include:
“In Finland sustainable regional development remains important enabling
the population in the countryside to be retained and the infrastructure in
the periphery to be maintained”.
Finnish Participants Know ledge on Country-specific Trends
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
60
Visions for Germany 2015 This section focus on the Delphi results for Germany. The five statements in the
table below were included in the questionnaire distributed to the German
participants. This was done with the intention of covering particular areas of
concern in the country. These areas selected by the national centre.
ID German statements
A Location independent work in networks (networking) will be widespread in 2015, telework is becoming normality. Organisations will increasingly outsource work which will further accelerate the development to global networking
B Organisations increasingly realise the high importance of human resources and treat them equal to investments.
C Human resources form the limit of flexibilisation and the implementation of technology, i.e. certain groups of people do not have the requirements for an essential further flexibilisation and ICT use, others refuse. Both have effects on the employability of these groups.
D The question of where stabilising anchors for individuals can be found in the future when the previous ones (workplace, family, regional surrounding) have been lost remains unanswered.
E Employment will become an episode in an otherwise leisure oriented. As a whole, variety and the wealth of choice in society and lifestyles will increase.
The German Delphi reached only 23 people. Most of them were from the private
sector (45%). The research and NGO sectors represented 40% of the total
altogether and the public sector was represented by 15% of participants (see the
chart of distribution by sectors at the beginning of the chapter). The charts below
show the distribution of respondents by age and gender (most of German
participants provided only their email in the section for personal information).
Distribution of German Participants by Age
0% 50% 100%
60+
50-59
40-49
30-39
20-29
No Selection
Distribution of German Participants by Gender
FemaleMaleNo Selection
61
Development of KS Trends in Germany
In the German Delphi only 19 statements showed more than 50% of agreement
about their level of
development by 2015
(orange boxes). From those,
13 were selected as trends
that are about right by the
year 2015.
Out of the six categories,
trends about governance and
mobility are the most likely to
describe the KS in Germany.
Living conditions and
sustainable development
categories are in second and
third place in terms of
numbers statements to be
right by 2015. In the field of
industrial relations and
working conditions most
participants felt that the
statements overestimated the
future reality of the German
society. There are various
bimodal and interesting
distributions of opinions
showing uncertainty about the future of several topics (yellow boxes). Please
note too the high level of uncertainty on statement 23 (New European styles of
business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and
business management).
Development
of the KS trends Und
eres
timat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Is a
bout
rig
ht
Ove
rest
imat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Dev
elop
me
nts
will
not
follo
w
this
pat
h
I do
n’t k
now
/ to
o un
cert
ain
Statement 1 24% 38% 24% 0% 14% Statement 2 6% 65% 29% 0% 0% Statement 3 0% 24% 53% 18% 6% Statement 4 20% 27% 33% 0% 20% Statement 5 0% 56% 25% 13% 6%
Gov
erna
nce
&
Mob
ility
Statement 6 6% 75% 13% 6% 0% Statement 7 0% 44% 22% 0% 33% Statement 8 0% 44% 56% 0% 0% Statement 9 0% 78% 11% 0% 11%
Statement 10 11% 22% 44% 11% 11% Hea
lth &
P
rivac
y
Statement 11 0% 13% 25% 38% 25% Statement 12 10% 40% 40% 10% 0% Statement 13 10% 60% 20% 10% 0% Statement 14 0% 50% 50% 0% 0% Statement 15 0% 11% 56% 33% 0% In
dust
rial
rela
tions
Statement 16 0% 10% 60% 30% 0% Statement 17 0% 22% 33% 22% 22% Statement 18 11% 78% 11% 0% 0% Statement 19 0% 33% 44% 11% 11% Statement 20 11% 78% 0% 0% 11% Li
ving
co
nditi
ons
Statement 21 11% 44% 44% 0% 0% Statement 22 0% 11% 33% 56% 0% Statement 23 13% 13% 0% 25% 50% Statement 24 22% 78% 0% 0% 0% Statement 25 11% 56% 22% 0% 11%
Sus
tain
abili
ty
&
Dev
elop
men
t
Statement 26 11% 11% 44% 22% 11% Statement 27 0% 33% 67% 0% 0% Statement 28 0% 50% 40% 10% 0% Statement 29 0% 20% 80% 0% 0% Statement 30 0% 78% 22% 0% 0% Statement 31 0% 50% 40% 10% 0% W
orki
ng
cond
ition
s
Statement 32 0% 11% 44% 22% 22% Statement A 0% 50% 50% 0% 0% Statement B 0% 60% 30% 10% 0% Statement C 20% 70% 10% 0% 0% Statement D 10% 70% 0% 10% 10% G
erm
an
stat
emen
ts
Statement E 0% 44% 33% 22% 0%
62
The following section presents the KS trends where there is a clear majority
indicating that it is about right as a characterisation of shared and unique visions
for Germany in 2015.
Shared visions with Greece, Finland & International Community (Participants: Finland = 52, Germany = 19, Greece = 54, International Participants = 60)
ID Category Statements
2 Governance and
Mobility
Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
13 Industrial Relations A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
20 Living Conditions Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
Shared visions with Greece & Finland ID Category Statements
5 Governance and
Mobility
Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies.
24 Sustainability and
development
Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
Shared visions with Greece ID Category Statements
6 Governance and
Mobility
EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
9 Health and Privacy Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence.
18 Living Conditions Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
Shared visions with the International Community ID Category Statements
8 Health and Privacy Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
Unique visions (Participants: Germany = 19)
ID Category Statements
30 Working Conditions Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
25 Sustainability and
development Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present
63
German KS vignettes by category
This section presents the statements that will characterize the German society by
2015. Please bear in mind the number of participants and their degree of
knowledge on each category.
Vision 2015 for governance and mobility
“Due to the widespread use of ICT in e-governance, by 2015 the German
society will have enhanced transparency in the procedures concerning the
relationship between the citizen and the state.
In addition, German regulatory authorities will have taken steps to ensure
that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are
secure against practically all conceivable emergencies. In the regional
context, EU policies are openly used to promote labour market mobility”.
German Participants Know ledge on Governance & Mobil ity
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for health and privacy
“By 2015 the Germany society will have increased the ability of people
with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their
independence because of the widespread use of telemedicine and on-line
health monitoring systems”.
German Participants Know ledge on Health & Privacy
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
64
Vision 2015 for industrial relations
“By 2015 there is a major increase in the use of electronic networks for
remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working),
and new atypical forms of work”.
German Participants Know ledge on Industrial Relatio ns
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for living conditions
“By 2015 life-long learning is widely used with a majority of workers
undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their
working life. By 2015 harmonisation of educational standards (including
certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in the
German educational system”.
German Participants Know ledge on Living Conditions
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for sustainability and development
“There is great uncertainty on topics related to sustainability and
development in Germany. Germans are confident that Europe will be a
leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of
environmental technologies. Increases in wealth creation and quality of life
are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than
at present”.
65
German Participants Know ledge on Sustainable Develo pment
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for working conditions
“Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my
country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to”.
German Participants Know ledge on Working Conditions
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for country-specific statements
“By 2015 organisations increasingly realise the high importance of human
resources and treat them equal to investments. In contrast, groups of
people who (a) do not have the requirements for further flexibilisation and
ICT use, or (b) do refuse to use ICT will form the limit of flexibilisation and
implementation of technologies; thus affecting their employability. The
question of where stabilising anchors for individuals can be found in the
future when the previous ones (workplace, family, regional surrounding)
have been lost remains unanswered”.
German Participants Know ledge on Country-specific T rends
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
66
Visions for Greece 2015 This section focus on the Delphi results for Greece. The five statements in the
table below were included in the questionnaire distributed to the Greek
participants. This was done with the intention of covering particular areas of
concern in the country. These areas selected by the national centre.
ID Greek statements
A The public educational system is upgraded and restructured (concerning the type of knowledge provided, the way students and professors are evaluated) because of the competitiveness with the other countries’ systems
B The attitude towards co-operation and organization is improved in the next 10 years contributing to the creative absorption and management of knowledge within the Greek enterprises
C The development of e-commerce decreases the peripheral disparities relating to the access to products and services
D The competitiveness of Greek enterprises that target ‘non-competitive’ markets in the Balkans, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean decreases
E The large urban centres, such as Athens, Thessaloniki, Patra and Crete, evolve into ‘innovation islands”, while the periphery remains underdeveloped
The Greek Delphi reached 62 people. Most of them were from the research
sector (42%) followed closely by participants from the private sector (33%). The
public and NGO sectors represented 25% of the total altogether (see chart of
distribution by sectors at the beginning of the chapter). The charts below show
the distribution of respondents by age and gender.
Distribution of Greek Participants by Age
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
60+
50-59
40-49
30-39
20-29
No Selection
Distribution of Greek Participants by Gender
FemaleMaleNo Selection
67
Development of KS Trends in Greece
In the Greek Delphi only 20 statements showed more than 50% of agreement
about their level of
development by 2015 (blue
boxes). From those, 15 were
selected as trends that are
about right by the year 2015.
Out of the six categories,
trends about governance and
mobility and living conditions
are the most likely to
describe the KS in Greece.
Both industrial relations and
country statements are in
third and forth place in terms
of numbers statements to be
right by 2015. In the field of
health and privacy most
participants felt that the
statements overestimated the
future reality of the Greek
society. Two categories
present several bimodal
distributions of opinions (see
yellow boxes), thus showing
great uncertainty on the
future of issues related to working conditions and sustainable development. The
following section presents the KS trends where there is a clear majority indicating
that it is about right as a characterisation of shared and unique visions for Greece
in 2015.
Development
of the KS trends Und
eres
timat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Is a
bout
rig
ht
Ove
rest
imat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Dev
elop
me
nts
will
not
follo
w
this
pat
h
I do
n’t k
now
/ to
o un
cert
ain
Statement 1 10% 48% 19% 2% 21% Statement 2 4% 58% 31% 7% 0% Statement 3 5% 28% 47% 14% 7% Statement 4 14% 57% 27% 2% 0% Statement 5 5% 61% 23% 7% 5%
Gov
erna
nce
&
Mob
ility
Statement 6 7% 65% 14% 9% 5% Statement 7 3% 30% 43% 13% 10% Statement 8 0% 30% 60% 3% 7% Statement 9 7% 77% 10% 0% 7%
Statement 10 7% 33% 57% 3% 0% Hea
lth &
P
rivac
y
Statement 11 3% 13% 53% 17% 13% Statement 12 14% 57% 25% 0% 4% Statement 13 4% 75% 21% 0% 0% Statement 14 4% 57% 32% 4% 4% Statement 15 0% 15% 63% 22% 0% In
dust
rial
rela
tions
Statement 16 0% 11% 70% 11% 7% Statement 17 0% 22% 48% 26% 4% Statement 18 0% 57% 43% 0% 0% Statement 19 4% 61% 30% 4% 0% Statement 20 4% 70% 26% 0% 0% Li
ving
co
nditi
ons
Statement 21 13% 78% 9% 0% 0% Statement 22 3% 41% 53% 3% 0% Statement 23 0% 23% 32% 29% 16% Statement 24 3% 64% 30% 0% 3% Statement 25 0% 45% 52% 0% 3%
Sus
tain
abili
ty
&
Dev
elop
men
t
Statement 26 6% 35% 38% 15% 6% Statement 27 0% 58% 42% 0% 0% Statement 28 8% 38% 38% 8% 8% Statement 29 0% 42% 46% 4% 8% Statement 30 4% 42% 42% 8% 4% Statement 31 4% 42% 46% 0% 8% W
orki
ng
cond
ition
s
Statement 32 0% 36% 45% 9% 9% Statement A 4% 75% 13% 4% 4% Statement B 0% 54% 42% 4% 0% Statement C 4% 63% 25% 4% 4% Statement D 27% 32% 9% 18% 14% C
ount
ry
stat
emen
ts
Statement E 21% 46% 25% 8% 0%
68
The following is a customized version of the above table. In order to facilitate the
reading and comparison of the two tables we have modified only the fields where
major changes occurred. The arrows point out the direction of the change in
opinion and the yellow or
entirely empty rows indicate
that no agreement or
consensus was reached on
the development of the
statement by 2015.
We would like to highlight
that this comparison is done
with the purpose of showing
the sort of analysis normally
carried out in Delphi studies
with high response rates in
both rounds.
Due to the low number of
people involved in the second
round we will not consider the
changes in opinions as valid
representation of the
population in the first round.
Round 2 showed 22 trends
with more than 50% of
agreement about their
development (blue boxes).
From those, 12 were selected as characteristics of the Greek society by 2015.
We would still however include some of these interesting results in the section
about visions for 2015.
After 2 nd Round Und
ere
stim
ate
s th
e si
tuat
ion
by
2015
Is a
bou
t rig
ht
Ove
rest
imat
es
the
situ
atio
n by
20
15
Dev
elop
men
ts
will
not
follo
w
this
pat
h
I don
’t kn
ow /
too
unce
rtai
n
Statement 1 Statement 2 � 67% Statement 3 Statement 4 � 60% Statement 5
Gov
erna
nce
&
Mob
ility
Statement 6 Statement 7 � 70% Statement 8 � 80% Statement 9 67% � Statement 10 H
ealth
&
Priv
acy
Statement 11 Statement 12 � 67% Statement 13 67% � Statement 14 Statement 15 In
dust
rial
rela
tions
Statement 16 67% � Statement 17 � 70% Statement 18 Statement 19 Statement 20 70% Li
ving
co
nditi
ons
Statement 21 70% � Statement 22 � 54% Statement 23 Statement 24 64% Statement 25 � 55%
Sus
tain
abili
ty
&
Dev
elop
men
t
Statement 26 Statement 27 Statement 28 Statement 29 � 55% Statement 30 Statement 31 67% W
orki
ng
cond
ition
s
Statement 32 � 50% Statement A 75% Statement B 75% Statement C � 50% Statement D G
reek
st
atem
ents
Statement E � 75%
69
Shared visions with Germany, Finland & Internationa l Community (Participants: Finland = 52, Germany = 19, Greece = 54, International Participants = 60)
ID Category Statements
2 Governance and
Mobility
Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
13 Industrial Relations A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
20 Living Conditions Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
Shared visions with Germany & Finland ID Category Statements
5 Governance and
Mobility
Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies.
24 Sustainability and
development
Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
Shared visions with Germany ID Category Statements
6 Governance and
Mobility
EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
9 Health and Privacy Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence.
18 Living Conditions Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
Shared visions with Finland ID Category Statements
27 Working Conditions
Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
21 Living Conditions Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
12 Industrial Relations New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country.
19 Living Conditions
Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life.
70
Unique visions ID Category Statements
4 Governance and
Mobility
New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country.
14 Industrial Relations A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts.
71
Greek KS vignettes by category
This section presents the statements characterizing the Greek society by 2015.
In the second round of the Greek Delphi only one of country-specific trend was
reconsidered as being realized by 2015 and, as opposed to the Finnish
participants, Greek respondents reviewed their judgments by decreasing the
expected level of development of the trends. This reduced the number of
statements characterizing the Greek society by 2015.
When looking at these vignettes please take into account the degree of
knowledge of the participants.
Vision 2015 for governance and mobility
“Due to the widespread use of ICT in e-governance, by 2015 the Greek
society will have enhanced transparency in the procedures concerning the
relationship between the citizen and the state”.
“In addition, new technologies and knowledge management methods have
greatly strengthened the ability of governments and organisations to
engage in widespread social control”.
“Greek regulatory authorities will have taken steps to ensure that users are
confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against
practically all conceivable emergencies. In the regional context, EU
policies are openly used to promote labour market mobility”.
Greek Participants Know ledge on Governance and Mobi lity
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
72
Vision 2015 for health and privacy
“By 2015 the Greek society will have increased the ability of people with
serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence
because of the widespread use of telemedicine and online health
monitoring systems”.
Greek Participants Know ledge on Health & Privacy
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for industrial relations
“By 2015 the majority of the workplaces in Greece will be covered by
individually agreed employment contracts“.
“New forms of networked business organisation will account for a
substantial level of economic activity in Greece”.
”There is also a major increase in the use of electronic networks for
remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working),
and new atypical forms of work”.
Greek Participants Knowledge on Industrial Relation s
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
73
Vision 2015 for living conditions
“By 2015 life-long learning is widely used with a majority of workers
undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their
working life. In terms of work-life balance social and employment policy
interventions do not succeed to decrease stress and conflicts within
workers’ families“.
“In addition, the bigger reliance on Information and Communications
Technologies in working and everyday life increases social isolation and
loneliness”.
Greek Participants Knowledge on Living Conditions
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for sustainability and development
“There is great uncertainty on topics related to sustainability and
development in Greece. Only one statement was agreed to be right by
2015 but it was not a country-specific issue“.
“Greece is confident that Europe will be a leading force in the area of
sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies”.
Greek Participants Know ledge on Sustainable Develop ment
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
74
Vision 2015 for working conditions
“There is an impressive uncertainty on topics related to working conditions
in Greece. Not even one statement was seen as a possible characteristic
of the Greece of 2015”.
Greek Participants Know ledge on Working Conditions
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
Vision 2015 for country-specific statements
“By 2015 the public educational system is upgraded and restructured
(concerning the type of knowledge provided, the way students and
professors are evaluated) because of the competitiveness with the other
countries' systems. The attitude towards co-operation and organization is
improved and contributing to the creative absorption and management of
knowledge within the Greek enterprises. The development of e-commerce
decreases the peripheral disparities relating to the access to products and
services”.
2nd round results would include:
“The large urban centres, such as Athens, Thessaloniki, Patra and Crete,
evolve into ‘innovation islands”, while the periphery remains
underdeveloped”.
Greek Participants Knowledge on Country-specific Tr ends
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Know ledgeable
Familiar
Casually acquainted
Unfamiliar
75
KS impacts by category
Governance and Mobility
Health and Privacy
Industrial Relations
Living Conditions
Sustainable Development
Working Conditions
76
Statement 1: The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
77
Statement 2: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
78
Statement 3: Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
79
Statement 4: New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
80
Statement 5: Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
81
Statement 6: EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
82
Statement 7: Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y
83
Statement 8: Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y
84
Statement 9: Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y
85
Statement 10: Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y
86
Statement 11: Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y
87
Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Indu
stria
l Rel
atio
ns
88
Statement 13: A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Indu
stria
l Rel
atio
ns
89
Statement 14: A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Indu
stria
l Rel
atio
ns
90
Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Indu
stria
l Rel
atio
ns
91
Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Indu
stria
l Rel
atio
ns
92
Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Livi
ng C
ondi
tions
93
Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Livi
ng C
ondi
tions
94
Statement 19: Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Livi
ng C
ondi
tions
95
Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Livi
ng C
ondi
tions
96
Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Livi
ng C
ondi
tions
97
Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Sus
tain
able
Dev
elop
men
t
98
Statement 23: New European styles of business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Sus
tain
able
Dev
elop
men
t
99
Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Sus
tain
able
Dev
elop
men
t
100
Statement 25: Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Sus
tain
able
Dev
elop
men
t
101
Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Sus
tain
able
Dev
elop
men
t
102
Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
103
Statement 28: Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
104
Statement 29: Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms of employment in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SII
NED
SDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSDSI
INE
DSD
So
cia
lco
hesi
on
Soc
ial
excl
usio
n o
rd
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abili
ty /
env
iron
me
nta
lqu
alit
y
Em
plo
yer-
em
plo
yee
rela
tion
s
Eco
no
mic
gro
wth
/we
alth
En
trep
rene
ursh
ip&
inno
vativ
ene
ss
Em
plo
yee
auto
nom
y &
resp
on
sib
ility
Wo
rk-li
feba
lanc
eJo
b c
reat
ion
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
105
Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
106
Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
107
Statement 32: There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures
Finland Germany Greece
0% 50% 100%
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
SI
I
NE
D
SD
Soc
ial c
ohes
ion
Soc
ial e
xclu
sion
or d
ivid
es
Sus
tain
abilit
y /
envi
ronm
enta
lqu
ality
Em
ploy
er-
empl
oyee
rela
tions
Eco
nom
icgr
owth
/wea
lthcr
eatio
n E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& in
nova
tiven
ess
Em
ploy
eeau
tono
my
&re
spon
sibi
lity
Wor
k-lif
eba
lanc
eJo
b cr
eatio
n
0% 50% 100%
0% 50% 100%
Impa
ct o
f the
KS
tren
d st
atem
ent o
ver
the
LC, I
R a
nd W
C fa
ctor
s
SI = strongly increases, I = increases; NE = no effect; D = decreases; SD = strongly decreases
Wor
king
Con
ditio
ns
108
PROSPECTIVE POLICY AREAS After analysing all the results of Euforia Delphi, we have detected seven KS
trends presenting very interesting results (see table below).
Chart of impacts of KS trends that overestimate the situation in Europe by 2015 Living Conditions Industrial Relations Working Conditions
Sta
tem
ent
ID
Social Cohesion
Social exclusion or
divides
Sustainability / environmental
quality
Employer-employee relations
Economic growth / wealth
creation
Entrepreneur-ship and
innovativeness
Employee autonomy and responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
03 I D? NE? I I ?? I I? ??
15 I D NE? I I NE? I? I NE?
16 I D I? I I I I I? I? 17 I D I I I I I I I? 22 I D I NE I I I? I? I? 26 NE? D? SI NE I I NE NE I 31 I? D? I I I I I ?? I
SI = STRONGLY INCREASES; I = INCREASES; NE = NO EFFECT; D = DECREASES ? = THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY; ?? = TOO UNCERTAIN (BIMODAL DISTRIBUTION)
ID Category Statement
St. 03 Governance & mobility
Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
St. 15 Industrial relations Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
St. 16 Industrial relations Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
St. 17 Living conditions A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
St. 22 Sustainability & development
The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
St. 26 Sustainability & development
EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
St. 31 Working conditions New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country.
Many of these topics accord closely with Lisbon objectives. Increased application
of IT; orientation of innovation toward sustainability; life-long learning; new forms
of work; and networked organisations are all explicit or implicit in these
declarations. A few topics are rather more ambiguous, especially those
concerning workplace stress and work-life balances. It will be noted that these
are a minority of topics – for others where there is considerable disagreement,
109
sometimes because of different expectations in different countries, or they are felt
to overstate the situation in 2015 (table above). Notably, many of these topics
concern workplace, employment and industrial relations issues. They reflect
scepticism that institutional arrangements will be adapted in what are widely seen
to be appropriate ways – that trade unions will be able to develop better
strategies and achieve political influence; that network and learning organisations
will be the norm; that ethical practices will prevail at the workplace; and that
social inequalities be seriously tackled. There are two key characteristics that the
above sets of KS trends have in common. The first one is that their development
overestimates the situation by 2015, and the second is related to their influence
on LC, IR and WC on the basis of their hypothetical development by 2015. By
looking more carefully we can observe the following behaviour:
� All seven KS trends were believed to increase economic growth
� Six out of seven trends (6/7) were believed to increase social cohesion
and employee autonomy and responsibility at work.
� Five out of seven (5/7) show a similar positive behaviour on the way they
impact over the remaining factors.
The overall assessment of the impacts of these KS trends can be described as
follows: IN terms of living conditions most trends could positively influence over
all LC factors (increasing social cohesion, decreasing social exclusion and
increasing sustainability and environmental quality). The above KS trends could
also improve all IR factors (employer-employee relations, economic growth /
wealth creation, and entrepreneurship and innovativeness) and WC factors
(employee autonomy and responsibility at work, work-life balance and job
creation). In this section we present the seven KS trends ranked by number of
positive influences on the LC, IR and WC factors. We also believe that in spite of
the general lack of optimism regarding the future development of these
Knowledge Society trends, it is still worth to keep them in mind and think about
them as prospective policy areas requiring further work and analysis from policy-
makers. This would then help us envisage new paths for Europe to reach the
Lisbon goals.
110
Weak trends strongly aligned with the Lisbon object ives
The 1st policy area: Emphasis on ethics, justice and equity Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly
influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
The 2nd policy area: Widespread organisational learning Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into
"learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country.
Remarks: Assuming that the above assessments of the impacts of this trend are well-founded, then why
has been partially suggested that the introduction of new procedures and systems promoting
organisational learning could have a negative impact over work-life balance?
The 3rd policy area: Bottom-up decision-making style in organisations Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic
models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
The 4th policy area: E-commerce as a tool for regional development Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services
and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming
depopulation.
The 5th policy area: Improved trade unions Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work
arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their
members.
The 6th policy area: Labour organisations hand-by-hand with government & business
Statement 03: Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have
a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
Remarks: Assuming that the impacts of this trend are well-founded, what could be the actual impact over
entrepreneurship, innovativeness and job creation of an increased influence of labour relations
organisations on government and businesses?
The 7th policy area: Shifts of EU resources towards accession countries Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession
countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent
unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
111
HIGHLIGHTING MAIN LESSONS Lessons on participation The main concern with the Delphi was the lack of a committed body of
respondents in each pilot country. It was a mistake to assume that a sufficient
number of respondents would emerge from relatively light marketing of an open
website. A similar comment can be made about the response from international
participants. In any larger study it will be necessary to ensure that in each country
there is an existing body of interested and willing respondents to ensure a
reasonable response rate in the region of 10% of the likely population or much
higher of a committed one.
A further problem is the ever present lack of appreciation of the viability of survey
with a low percentage response rate, particularly by people from a scientific
background who expect statistically high response rates (e.g. in the region of
90%) for the outcome to be of any value. This is one matter that needs to be
dealt with in any introductory training session for all those concerned with
executing a study. Despite the low response rate the project demonstrated the
feasibility of using a Delphi of the appropriate format in probing (or sampling the
territory of) the many dimensions of an emerging KS. To have done more than
this would have required a much larger set of topics which is not the object of a
feasibility study.
Lessons on online Delphi
Experience with the online Delphi confirmed some hopes (simplification of data
entry which is self-verifying, cost reduction from the elimination of printing and
postage, compression of the time needed to complete the survey, ease of
presentation of the outcome). Others were not realised (the out-of-sight-out-of-
mind phenomenon with the online version which is not so obvious with paper
based versions, difficulties in working with multiple screens for those not familiar
112
with IT). Greater attention will need to be paid to the respondents’ level of skill
with online working; it cannot be taken for granted.
Traditionally Delphi surveys have been conducted through postal surveys. The
EUFORIA project’s use of online methods had advantages and disadvantages.
The technique saved costs on post, graphic design and printing. Data was input
directly by the respondents and subsequent processing was rapid. However,
there were some problems of access, especially for people with older computers
or poor connections. It would be ironic if in a KS an online method of eliciting
knowledge and opinions proved inferior to pencil and paper techniques! The
obvious conclusion is that more effort needs to be put into the preparations for an
online Delphi, not just on the technical side, but in the management of the survey
(marketing, promotion, management of panels, etc.).
Lessons on technical issues Translation proved a problem, and the particular Delphi format employed, though
based on surveys pioneered successfully in Latin America, was a source of
aggravation for some respondents. The overall response rate was much lower
than hoped, possibly because the need to log in to a website to fill in a survey
was just too much of a break from normal routines while respondents were
online. The most tiresome problem was translation of the questionnaire into
Finnish, German and Greek. The effort and cost involved cannot be
underestimated. Another lesson that can be drawn is that some languages such
as Greek, Japanese, Korean or Arabic require special characters and features
that are not always provided in basic software packages and this was found out
while designing the Greek questionnaire. We had therefore to upgrade our
system in order to allowed the Greek Delphi to be launched at the same time that
the German, Finnish and English versions. Equally important is the effect
translation can have on the quality and credibility of the Delphi process, since the
original English nuances can easily be lost with uncertain influences on the way
the respondents interpret and respond to the questions.
113
Lessons on results Analysing the Delphi output was not a problem given the tools available. Importantly, the costly and time-consuming stage of data entry, with all its attendant risks, from a paper-based survey was removed. The results themselves are fairly typical and when presented and interpreted from histograms tell an interesting story, which, under more favourable circumstances would have been, capable of extensive study. The need to delay the closing of the Delphi, to try to get a better response rate, meant that the survey outcome was available to our partners for only a limited time before they had to complete their country reports. However, this was an organisational matter and nothing to do with the capability of the Delphi process.
114
ANNEXES
115
Annex 1: General First Round Results
(This section presents the all 185 responses
from the international community, Germany,
Greece and Finland)
Development of Statement 1: The balance between immigration and emigration
in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than
double by 2015.
Statement 1
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimatesthe situation by
2015
Developmentswill not follow
this path
I don't know /too uncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
1 The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
116
Development of Statement 2: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances
transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen
and the state in my country.
Statement 2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
2 Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
117
Development of Statement 3: Labour relations organizations (e.g. trade union
and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and
business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
Statement 3
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
3 Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
118
Development of Statement 4: New technologies and knowledge management
methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to
engage in widespread social control in my country.
Statement 4
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
4 New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
119
Development of Statement 5: Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that
users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against
practically all conceivable emergencies.
Statement 5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
5 Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
120
Development of Statement 6: EU policies are used to promote labour market
mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer
organisations.
Statement 6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
6 EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
121
Development of Statement 7: Concerns about possible health effects of low-
level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals,
microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating
influences on major industries.
Statement 7
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
7 Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Condition s
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
122
Development of Statement 8: Social and political movements concerned with
civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
Statement 8
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
8 Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
123
Development of Statement 9: Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line
health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and
age related diseases to maintain their independence.
Statement 9
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
9 Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
124
Development of Statement 10: Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s
suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of
(“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country.
Statement 10
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
10 Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
125
Development of Statement 11: Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or
entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint”
databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems.
Statement 11
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
11 Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
126
Development of Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation,
that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a
substantial level of economic activity in my country.
Statement 12
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
12 New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
127
Development of Statement 13: A major increase occurs in my country in the use
of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working,
mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
Statement 13
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
13 A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
128
Development of Statement 14: A majority of the workplaces in my country, in
which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered
by individually agreed employment contracts.
Statement 14
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
14 A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
129
Development of Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in
my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked
membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
Statement 15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
15 Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
130
Development of Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely
introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in
decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
Statement 16
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
16 Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
131
Development of Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and
equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of
business and conduct of professions in my country.
Statement 17
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
17 A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
132
Development of Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards
(including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my
country’s educational system.
Statement 18
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
18 Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
133
Development of Statement 19: Widespread concerns are expressed in my
country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance
on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life.
Statement 19
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
19 Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
134
Development of Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a
majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining
during their working life.
Statement 20
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
20 Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
135
Development of Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy
interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising
family stress and conflict.
Statement 21
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
21 Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
136
Development of Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes
obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral
regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming
depopulation.
Statement 22
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
22 The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
137
Development of Statement 23: New European styles of business management
emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management.
Statement 23
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
23 New European styles of business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
138
Development of Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the
area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
Statement 24
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
24 Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
139
Development of Statement 25: Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
Statement 25
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
25 Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
140
Development of Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources
towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable
income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at
least 10% across the EU15.
Statement 26
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
26 EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
141
Development of Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country
encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently
male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay
inequalities.
Statement 27
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developmentswill not follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
27 Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
142
Development of Statement 28: Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my
country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
Statement 28
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
28 Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
143
Development of Statement 29: Widespread self-employment reduces reliance
on conventional forms of employment in my country.
Statement 29
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
29 Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms of employment in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
144
Development of Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional
notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they
wish to.
Statement 30
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
30 Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
145
Development of Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that
turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely
adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country.
Statement 31
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
31 New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
146
Development of Statement 32: There is widespread perception in my country
that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new
monitoring, reporting and management procedures.
Statement 32
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Understimatesthe situation by
2015
Is about right Overstimates thesituation by 2015
Developments willnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Impact of the statement over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and Working Conditions
32 There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 32 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
147
Annex 2: First and Second Round Results for Greece
(This section presents the responses to the first & second rounds of
the Greek version of the Euforia Knowledge Society Delphi Survey)
Statements’ development & impacts on LC, IR and WC
Statements’
development & impacts on:
1. Living Conditions � Social Cohesion � Social exclusion or divides � Sustainability / environmental quality
2. Industrial Relations � Employer-employee relations � Economic growth / wealth creation � Entrepreneurship and innovativeness
3. Working Conditions � Employee autonomy and responsibility � Work-life balance � Job creation
148
Development of Statement 1: The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 1: The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
149
Development of Statement 2: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 2: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
150
Development of Statement 3: Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 3: Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
151
Development of Statement 4: New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 4: New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
152
Development of Statement 5: Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 5: Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
153
Development of Statement 6: EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 6: EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
154
Development of Statement 7: Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 7: Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
155
Development of Statement 8: Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 8: Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
156
Development of Statement 9: Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 9: Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
157
Development of Statement 10: Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 10: Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
158
Development of Statement 11: Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 11: Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
159
Development of Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
160
Development of Statement 13: A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 13: A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
161
Development of Statement 14: A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 14: A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
162
Development of Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
163
Development of Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
164
Development of Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
165
Development of Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
166
Development of Statement 19: Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 19: Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
167
Development of Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
168
Development of Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
169
Development of Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
170
Development of Statement 23: New European styles of business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 23: New European styles of business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
171
Development of Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
172
Development of Statement 25: Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 25: Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
173
Development of Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
174
Development of Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
175
Development of Statement 28: Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 28: Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
176
Development of Statement 29: Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms of employment in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 29: Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms of employment in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
177
Development of Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
178
Development of Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
179
Development of Statement 32: There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 32: There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 32 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 32 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
180
Development of Statement A: The public educational system is upgraded and restructured (concerning the type of knowledge provided, the way students and professors are evaluated) because of the competitiveness with the other countries' systems.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement A: The public educational system is upgraded and restructured (concerning the type of knowledge provided, the way students and professors are evaluated) because of the competitiveness with the other countries' systems.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement A over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement A over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
181
Development of Statement B: The attitude towards co-operation and organization is improved in the next 10 years contributing to the creative absorption and management of knowledge within the Greek enterprises.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement B: The attitude towards co-operation and organization is improved in the next 10 years contributing to the creative absorption and management of knowledge within the Greek enterprises.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement B over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement B over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
182
Development of Statement C: The development of e-commerce decreases the peripheral disparities relating to the access to products and services.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement C: The development of e-commerce decreases the peripheral disparities relating to the access to products and services.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement C over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement C over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
183
Development of Statement D: The competitiveness of Greek enterprises that target 'non-competitive' markets in the Balkans, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean decreases.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement D: The competitiveness of Greek enterprises that target 'non-competitive' markets in the Balkans, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean decreases.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement D over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement D over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
184
Development of Statement E: The large urban centres, such as Athens, Thessaloniki, Patra and Crete, evolve into 'innovation islands", while the periphery remains underdeveloped.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement E: The large urban centres, such as Athens, Thessaloniki, Patra and Crete, evolve into 'innovation islands", while the periphery remains underdeveloped.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement E over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement E over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
185
Annex 3: First Round Results for Germany
(This section presents the responses to the first round of the German Knowledge Society Delphi)
Impacts on LC, IR and WC
Impacts on:
1. Living Conditions a. Social cohesion b. Social exclusion or divides c. Sustainability / environmental quality
2. Industrial Relations a. Employer-employee relations b. Economic growth / wealth creation c. Entrepreneurship and innovativeness
3. Working Conditions a. Employee autonomy and responsibility b. Work-life balance c. Job creation
186
1 The balance between immigration and emigration in t he EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
2 Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances tran sparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
3 Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union an d other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
4 New technologies and knowledge management methods g reatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social co ntrol in my country.
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
187
5 Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that us ers are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practical ly all conceivable emergencies.
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
6 EU policies are used to promote labour market mobil ity, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
7 Concerns about possible health effects of low-level , long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiati on and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
8 Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
188
9 Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health m onitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related dise ases to maintain their independence.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
10 Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s s uitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequali ty and discrimination in my country.
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
11 Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or en try) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems.
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
12 New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level o f economic activity in my country.
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
189
13 A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), a nd new atypical forms of work.
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
14 A majority of the workplaces in my country, in whic h collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individuall y agreed employment contracts.
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
15 Trade unions have become more important in my count ry, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
16 Large organisations in my country have widely intro duced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
190
17 A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
18 Harmonisation of educational standards (including c ertification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
19 Widespread concerns are expressed in my country abo ut social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communic ations Technologies in working and everyday life.
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
20 Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majori ty of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
191
21 Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and confl ict.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
22 The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
23 New European styles of business management emerge t o rival the American model of economic and business management.
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
24 Europe has developed into a leading force in the ar ea of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
192
25 Increases in wealth creation and quality of life ar e achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
26 EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards ac cession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU1 5 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
27 Social and policy changes in my country encourage f emale entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to subst antial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities .
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
28 Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my coun try leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
193
29 Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conv entional forms of employment in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
30 Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of r etirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
31 New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not ju st by a small vanguard, in my country.
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
32 There is widespread perception in my country that w orkplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures.
Impact of Statement A over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
194
A Location independent work in networks (networking) will be widespread in 2015, telework is becoming normality. Organisations will increasingly outsource work which will further accelerate the development to global networking.
Impact of Statement A over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
B Organisations increasingly realise the high importa nce of human resources and treat them equal to investments.
Impact of Statement B over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
C Human resources form the limit of flexibilisation a nd the implementation of technology, i.e. certain groups of people do not have the requiremen ts for an essential further flexibilisation and ICT use, others refuse. Both have effects on th e employability of these groups.
Impact of Statement C over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
D The question of where stabilising anchors for indiv iduals can be found in the future when the previous ones (workplace, family, regional surround ing) have been lost remains unanswered.
Impact of Statement D over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
195
E Employment will become an episode in an otherwise l eisure oriented. As a whole, variety and the wealth of choice in society and lifestyles will increase.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement E over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
196
Annex 4: First and Second Round Results for Finland
(This section presents the responses to the first & second rounds of the Finnish KS Delphi Survey)
Statements’ development and impacts on LC, IR and W C
Statements’
development & impacts on:
1. Living Conditions a. Social Cohesion b. Social exclusion or divides c. Sustainability / environmental quality
2. Industrial Relations a. Employer-employee relations b. Economic growth / wealth creation c. Entrepreneurship and innovativeness
3. Working Conditions a. Employee autonomy and responsibility b. Work-life balance c. Job creation
197
Development of Statement 1: The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15
causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 1: The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes
the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
198
Development of Statement 2: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency
in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this
path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 2: Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the
procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
199
Development of Statement 3: Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other
representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the
knowledge society in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 3: Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other
representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the
knowledge society in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
200
Development of Statement 4: New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly
strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in
my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 4: New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly
strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in
my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
201
Development of Statement 5: Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are
confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable
emergencies.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 5: Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident
that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable
emergencies.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
202
Development of Statement 6: EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite
resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 6: EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite
resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
203
Development of Statement 7: Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term
exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and
products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimatesthe situation in
2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 7: Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term
exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and
products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
204
Development of Statement 8: Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have
a major influence on government and business.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 8: Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a
major influence on government and business.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
205
Development of Statement 9: Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring
systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain
their independence.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 9: Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems
increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their
independence.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
206
Development of Statement 10: Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for
work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and
discrimination in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 10: Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work,
education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in
my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
207
Development of Statement 11: Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to
provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support
health, criminal justice, and other systems.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 11: Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide
blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health,
criminal justice, and other systems.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
208
Development of Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation, that were
unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of
economic activity in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 12: New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or
very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in
my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
209
Development of Statement 13: A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic
networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new
atypical forms of work.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 13: A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic
networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new
atypical forms of work.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
210
Development of Statement 14: A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective
agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed
employment contracts.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 14: A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective
agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed
employment contracts.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
211
Development of Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in my country,
responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social
security and other services to their members.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 15: Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding
to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and
other services to their members.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
212
Development of Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new,
innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to
working practices and capital investment.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 16: Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new,
innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to
working practices and capital investment.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
213
Development of Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in
working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in
my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 17: A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in
working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in
my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
214
Development of Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification)
across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 18: Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across
the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
215
Development of Statement 19: Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social
isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications
Technologies in working and everyday life.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 19: Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social
isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications
Technologies in working and everyday life.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
216
Development of Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of
workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 20: Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers
undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
217
Development of Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most
workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 21: Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers
their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
218
Development of Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to
accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing
their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 22: The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing
products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their
competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
219
Development of Statement 23: New European styles of business management emerge to rival
the American model of economic and business management.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 23: New European styles of business management emerge to rival the
American model of economic and business management.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
220
Development of Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of
sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 24: Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable
development and the use of environmental technologies.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
221
Development of Statement 25: Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved
using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 25: Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using
proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
222
Development of Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession
and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating
the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 26: EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and
possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the
conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
223
Development of Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry
into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial
decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 27: Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into
professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial
decreases in gender-related pay inequalities.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
224
Development of Statement 28: Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to
a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 28: Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a
doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
225
Development of Statement 29: Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional
forms of employment in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 29: Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms
of employment in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
226
Development of Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement
in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 30: Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my
country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
227
Development of Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and
other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a
small vanguard, in my country.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 31: New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other
organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small
vanguard, in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
228
Development of Statement 32: There is widespread perception in my country that workplace
violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and
management procedures.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement 32: There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence
and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management
procedures.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement 32 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement 32 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
229
Development of Statement A: By maintaining respectable basic services Finland remains a
welfare society.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement A: By maintaining respectable basic services Finland remains a welfare
society.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement A over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement A over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
230
Development of Statement B: In Finland sustainable regional development remains important
enabling the population in the countryside to be retained and the infrastructure in the periphery to
be maintained.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement B: In Finland sustainable regional development remains important
enabling the population in the countryside to be retained and the infrastructure in the periphery to
be maintained.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement B over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement B over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
231
Development of Statement C: Finnish administrative structure undergoes rationalization
increasing local democracy and co-operation between sub-regions.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement C: Finnish administrative structure undergoes rationalization increasing
local democracy and co-operation between sub-regions
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement C over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement C over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
232
Development of Statement D: Centralization process increases in Finland. Population migrates
to urban cores and the periphery undergoes negative net migration.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement D: Centralization process increases in Finland. Population migrates to
urban cores and the periphery undergoes negative net migration.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement D over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement D over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
233
Development of Statement E: The role of trade unions strengthens in Finland as a
consequence of their new strategies. Trade unions have reshaped their operations and have
started to offer new services to their members (such as new types of social security services).
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Underestimates thesituation in 2015
Is about right for2015
Overestimates thesituation in 2015
Developments w illnot follow this path
I don't know / toouncertain
Round 1 Round 2
Impacts of Statement E: The role of trade unions strengthens in Finland as a consequence of
their new strategies. Trade unions have reshaped their operations and have started to offer new
services to their members (such as new types of social security services).
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Round 1
Impact of Statement E over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
Round 2
Impact of Statement E over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
234
Annex 5: First Round Results for the International Community
(This section presents the responses to the first & second rounds of the
International version of the Euforia Knowledge Society Delphi Survey)
Impacts on LC, IR and WC
Impacts on:
1. Living Conditions � Social Cohesion � Social exclusion or divides � Sustainability / environmental quality
2. Industrial Relations � Employer-employee relations � Economic growth / wealth creation � Entrepreneurship and innovativeness
3. Working Conditions � Employee autonomy and responsibility � Work-life balance � Job creation
235
1 The balance between immigration and emigration in t he EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 1 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
2 Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances tran sparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country.
Impact of Statement 2 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
3 Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union an d other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country.
Impact of Statement 3 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
4 New technologies and knowledge management methods g reatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social co ntrol in my country.
Impact of Statement 4 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
236
5 Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that us ers are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practical ly all conceivable emergencies.
Impact of Statement 5 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
6 EU policies are used to promote labour market mobil ity, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations.
Impact of Statement 6 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
7 Concerns about possible health effects of low-level , long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiati on and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries.
Impact of Statement 7 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
8 Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business.
Impact of Statement 8 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
237
9 Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health m onitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related dise ases to maintain their independence.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 9 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
10 Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s s uitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequali ty and discrimination in my country.
Impact of Statement 10 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
11 Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or en try) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems.
Impact of Statement 11 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
12 New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level o f economic activity in my country.
Impact of Statement 12 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
238
13 A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), a nd new atypical forms of work.
Impact of Statement 13 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
14 A majority of the workplaces in my country, in whic h collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individuall y agreed employment contracts.
Impact of Statement 14 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
15 Trade unions have become more important in my count ry, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members.
Impact of Statement 15 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
16 Large organisations in my country have widely intro duced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment.
Impact of Statement 16 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
239
17 A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 17 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
18 Harmonisation of educational standards (including c ertification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system.
Impact of Statement 18 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
19 Widespread concerns are expressed in my country abo ut social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communic ations Technologies in working and everyday life.
Impact of Statement 19 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
20 Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majori ty of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life.
Impact of Statement 20 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
240
21 Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and confl ict.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 21 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
22 The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation.
Impact of Statement 22 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
23 New European styles of business management emerge t o rival the American model of economic and business management.
Impact of Statement 23 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
24 Europe has developed into a leading force in the ar ea of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies.
Impact of Statement 24 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
241
25 Increases in wealth creation and quality of life ar e achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 25 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
26 EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards ac cession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU1 5 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15.
Impact of Statement 26 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
27 Social and policy changes in my country encourage f emale entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to subst antial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities .
Impact of Statement 27 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
28 Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my coun try leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time.
Impact of Statement 28 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
242
29 Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conv entional forms of employment in my country.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 29 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
30 Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of r etirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to.
Impact of Statement 30 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship&
innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-lifebalance
Job creation
31 New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not ju st by a small vanguard, in my country.
Impact of Statement 31 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
32 There is widespread perception in my country that w orkplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures.
SI = Strongly increases/improves; I = Increases/improves; NE = No effect; D = Decreases/deteriorates; SD = Strongly decreases/ deteriorates
Impact of Statement 32 over Living Conditions, Industrial Relations and W orking Conditions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Social cohesion Social exclusionor divides
Sustainability /environmental
quality
Employer-employeerelations
Economicgrowth /wealth
creation
Entrepreneurship& innovativeness
Employeeautonomy &responsibility
Work-life balance Job creation
243
Annex 6: Delphi cross-national statements
(This section presents the list of statements clustered
into six main categories).
ID List of cross-national Delphi statements
01 The balance between immigration and emigration in the EU15 causes the percentage of non-EU15 immigrant workers to more than double by 2015
02 Widespread use of ICT in e-governance enhances transparency in the procedures concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state in my country
03 Labour relations organisations (e.g. trade union and other representative bodies) will have a major influence on government and business in shaping the knowledge society in my country
04 New technologies and knowledge management methods greatly strengthen the ability of governments and organisations to engage in widespread social control in my country
05 Regulatory authorities take steps to ensure that users are confident that world-wide communication networks are secure against practically all conceivable emergencies
Gov
erna
nce
and
Mob
ility
Top
ics
06 EU policies are used to promote labour market mobility, despite resistance from individuals, trade unions and employer organisations
07 Concerns about possible health effects of low-level, long-term exposure to physiologically and psychologically active chemicals, microwave radiation and products of genetic engineering have debilitating influences on major industries
08 Social and political movements concerned with civil liberties have a major influence on government and business
09 Widespread use of telemedicine and on-line health monitoring systems increases the ability of people with serious chronic and age related diseases to maintain their independence
10 Practical use of DNA screening to test a person’s suitability for work, education and health insurance creates new forms of (“genetic”) inequality and discrimination in my country
Hea
lth a
nd P
rivac
y T
opic
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11 Everyone in my country is compelled (at birth or entry) to provide blood or tissue for depositing in a national “genetic fingerprint” databank to support health, criminal justice, and other systems
12 New forms of networked business organisation, that were unknown or very rare at the turn of the century, will now account for a substantial level of economic activity in my country
13 A major increase occurs in my country in the use of electronic networks for remote supervision of new kinds of work (tele-working, mobile working), and new atypical forms of work
14 A majority of the workplaces in my country, in which collective agreements were in place at the turn of the century, are covered by individually agreed employment contracts
15 Trade unions have become more important in my country, responding to new work arrangements, offering networked membership, new types of social security and other services to their members
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16 Large organisations in my country have widely introduced new, innovative and systematic models for employee participation in decision-making relating to working practices and capital investment
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17 A practical emphasis on ethics, justice and equity increases in working life, and strongly influences the development of business and conduct of professions in my country
18 Harmonisation of educational standards (including certification) across the EU increases trust and transparency in my country’s educational system
19 Widespread concerns are expressed in my country about social isolation and loneliness, associated with increased reliance on Information and Communications Technologies in working and everyday life
20 Life-long learning becomes widespread with a majority of workers undertaking more than one period of substantial retraining during their working life
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21 Despite social and employment policy interventions, for most workers their work-life balance deteriorates causing rising family stress and conflict
22 The widespread use of e-commerce removes obstacles to accessing products, services and employment in the peripheral regions in my country, increasing their competitiveness and stemming depopulation
23 New European styles of business management emerge to rival the American model of economic and business management
24 Europe has developed into a leading force in the area of sustainable development and the use of environmental technologies
25 Increases in wealth creation and quality of life are achieved using proportionally less energy and natural resources than at present
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26 EU enlargement shifts economic resources towards accession and possible pre-accession countries, diminishing disposable income in the EU15 and creating the conditions for persistent unemployment of at least 10% across the EU15
27 Social and policy changes in my country encourage female entry into professional and technical jobs that are currently male-dominated, leading to substantial decreases in gender-related pay inequalities
28 Widespread growth of a ’24-hour’ society in my country leads to a doubling in the amount of unsocial working time
29 Widespread self-employment reduces reliance on conventional forms of employment in my country
30 Widespread abandonment of conventional notions of retirement in my country enable the elderly to continue working if they wish to
31 New organisational procedures and systems that turn firms and other organisations into "learning organisations" have been widely adopted, and not just by a small vanguard, in my country W
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32 There is widespread perception in my country that workplace violence and harassment has been reduced substantially by new monitoring, reporting and management procedures
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Annex 7: Delphi frequently asked questions handout
Knowledge Society Foresight Delphi
FAQ (Frequently asked questions) 1. How do I access the Delphi Survey?
2. How do I answer my survey?
3. How do I submit my survey?
4. Why should I assign a security password?
5. How do I re-access and edit my incomplete survey ?
6. How many times and from where can I access my De lphi questionnaire?
7. Why should I provide my email address?
8. HELP! I’ve forgotten my ID and/or password! What should I do?
9. What should I do if I do not feel competent of a nswering a specific question?
10. How can I get more information about this Delph i survey or about Delphis in general?
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FAQ (Frequently asked questions) A - How do I access the Delphi Survey?
1. Go to EUFORIA
2. Project Site: http://les.man.ac.uk/PREST/EUFORIA
3. Click on the delphi icon on the left side of the web page at the bottom
4. Identify your country and click on the sector that best represents your professional occupation
For example:
Ireland (country)
Research sector (your sector)
5. Choose the category you would like to answer (recommended) or answer all in one-go.
6. Click on the View button of the project box (this will take you to the correct survey page)
B - How do I answer my survey?
1. Enter your email address in the personal identification area of the questionnaire (Note: This is needed for your form to be updated. We are not using this information to identify you)
2. The statement location links will help you to quickly locate those statements that you would like to answer (Please note the statements’ numbers in your list of statements (see first page) in order to make efficient use of the links)
3. You can either scroll up back to the statement location links after answering a selected statement or use the BACK button of your browser.
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C - How do I submit my survey?
1. After answering your questions (using the BACK button of your browser to return to the ‘statement location links’)
2. Scroll down to the bottom & assign a security password (keep this password in your diary)
3. Click on the SEND button
4. After submission you will receive this message:
5. Please keep this number in your diary too!
D - Why should I assign a security password?
In order to re-access or edit your already submitted questionnaire you will need to enter your
security password and your questionnaire ID. (See following question)
E - How do I re-access and edit my incomplete surve y?
1. Go to EUFORIA Project Site: http://les.man.ac.uk/PREST/EUFORIA
2. Click on the delphi icon on the left side of the web page at the bottom
3. Identify your country and click on the sector that best represents your professional occupation
For example:
Ireland (country)
Research sector (your sector)
4. Click on the View button of the project box (this will take you to the correct survey page)
5. Once in the questionnaire in progress click on the VIEW icon on the top of the survey
6. Enter your questionnaire ID and security password (hopefully you kept them in your diary) Please note that the default setting of the American software refers to questionnaire as QUESTIONARY
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7. Once inside click on “Edit Questionary ” at the bottom of the page
F - How many times and from where can I access my D elphi questionnaire?
As many times as you wish until the closing date of the first round from any place through the Internet
G - Why should I provide my email address? We will need your email address in order to send yo u the access path for the second round; we will also need it to send you the results of the Delphi study
H – HELP! I’ve forgotten my ID and/or password! Wha t should I do? Please email: [email protected]
I – What should I do if I do not feel competent of answering a specific question?
You could (a) state that you are unfamiliar with the topic and try to answer it, (b) leave the question unanswered or (c) re-enter your questionnaire later (after doing some research on the topic or discussing uncertain issues with your colleagues) and provide new answers or edit old ones
J - How can I get more information about this Delph i survey or about delphis in general?
Please email: [email protected]
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Annex 8: Participation in 1 st Round by sector
(The following table shows the share of participation of
each sector in the First Round of the Euforia Delphi)
Germany
German Responsesby Categories
Research Sector
Public Sector
Private Sector
NGO Sector
Other Sector
German ResponsesOne-GO
Research SectorFullPublic Sector Full
Private Sector Full
NGO Sector Full
Other Sector Full
Greece
Greek Responsesby Categories
Research Sector
Public Sector
Private Sector
NGO Sector
Other Sector
Greek ResponsesOne-GO
Research SectorFullPublic Sector Full
Private Sector Full
NGO Sector Full
Other Sector Full
Finland
Finnish Responsesby Categories
Research Sector
Public Sector
Private Sector
NGO Sector
Other Sector
Finnish ResponsesOne-GO
Research SectorFullPublic Sector Full
Private Sector Full
NGO Sector Full
Other Sector Full
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Annex 9: First Round Raw Data for FINLAND
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Annex 10: First Round Raw Data for GERMANY
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Annex 11: First Round Raw Data for GREECE
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Annex 12: First Round Raw Data for EUROPE