european ict poles of excellence

Giuditta De Prato & Daniel NepelskiInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies - IPTS Joint Research Centre - European Commissionwww.jrc.es / is.jrc.es

Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the presenter and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this presentation.

Polos de excelencia en las TICeuropeas

La geografía de las TIC y susimplicaciones

JRC-IPTS / CONNECT joint project nr 31786-2010-06http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/EIPE.html

IPTSPart of the JRC of the EC

Mission“to provide customer-driven support to the EU policy-making process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio-economic as well as a scientific/technological dimension”

European Commission – Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS)

EIPE project description

Mapping ICT in the EU

The anatomy of EIPE

Some implications

Overview

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The anatomy of EIPE

Some implications

Overview

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Economic activity unevenly distributed (Krugman, 1991)Economic regions with most production will be more profitable and will attract even more production

Dependency and interactions between locations• Linkages between heterogeneous locations (Lahiri, 2010; Nieto &

Rodriguez, 2011; Sachwald, 2008)• Hubs and spokes of trade, R&D and innovation (De Benedictis &

Tajoli, 2011; De Prato & Nepelski, 2012)• The level of connectedness determines a location’s position in the

global hierarchy (Cantwell & Janne, 1999; Meyer, Mudambi, & Narula, 2011).

Research concepts

Research concepts

Mapping and connecting the dots• Where are the European poles of ICT activity?• What roles do they play in the global context?

But before• What is an EIPE?• What are the characteristics and the corresponding

quantitative indicators of EIPEs?• How to identify them?

Research concepts

European ICT Poles of Excellence

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European ICT Poles of Excellence are

Definition

geographical agglomerationsof best performing

ICTR&D, innovation & business

activities,located in the EU,

that exert a central role in

global networks

BusinessInnovationR&D

Agglomeration

Internationalisation

Networking

ICT ActivitiesC

hara

cter

istic

s of

ICT

activ

ities

Methodological framework

Crépon, Duguet & Mairesse – CDM – Model (1998)

1. R&D centre location (HIS iSuppli)2. REGPAT (EPO/OECD)3. QS World University Ranking4. ORBIS (Bureau van Dijk)5. European Investment Monitor

(Ernst&Young)6. Venture source (Dow Jones)7. FP7 (DG Connect)8. Web of Knowledge (Thomson

Reuters)

42 Indicators


Fully based on a set of acknowledged,

available and broad encompassing

primary data sources

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Generating the EIPE Identity Card of each of the 1303 regions


ICT R&D Agglomeration

indicators

ICT R&D Internationalisation

indicators

ICT R&D Networking indicators

ICT Innovation Agglomeration

indicators

ICT Innovation Internationalisation

indicators

ICT Innovation Networking indicators

ICT Business Agglomeration

indicators

ICT Business Internationalisation

indicators

ICT Business Networking indicators

ICT R&D composite indicator

ICT Innovation composite indicator

ICT Business composite indicator

EIPE composite indicator

..and the EIPE composite indicators


Within a framework supported by literature

we developed a method

processed heterogeneous databases

covering the whole of EU27 at NUTS3 level

measuring the domain of ICT

by means of >40 indicators (the EIPE ID Card)

Mapping 1300 regions

identifying who is “first–in–class”

And much more…


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The outcome

EIPE tool

Concepts

Methods

Information & data

A monitoring tool to measure and assess the ICT activity in Europe

MappingICT activity

in Europe

Benchmarking locations

Detailed profilesof places

of interest

Beyond mapping…



The anatomy of EIPE

Some implications

Overview

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Mapping ICT in EU

http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html

ICT R&D sub-indicator

Mapping ICT in EU


ICT Innovationsub-indicator

Mapping ICT in EU


ICT Business activitysub-indicator

Mapping ICT in EU

20http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html

201

454

327

124

7252

2511 8 8 3 7 2 3 2 1 3

0

100

200

300

400

500

Freq

uenc

y

0 20 40 60 80 10021

Mapping ICT in EU

EIPE Indicator Final Ranking:Frequency

1st tier

40<EIPE<100: top 34 regions

2nd tier3rd tier

Mapping ICT in EU

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The results are available as:

‣ The ATLAS ‣ The online mapping tool

The ATLAS of ICT activity in Europe

23http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html



The anatomy of EIPE

Some implications

Overview

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1

The anatomy of EIPE

New investments by activity

Lon

don

Dar

mst

adt

Par

is

Du

blin

Cop

enh

agen

The anatomy of EIPE

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The anatomy of EIPE

Paris: ~7% of the total FP7 budget

Darmstadt: 0.2% of the EU Venture

Capital funding (0.03% of the EU population) Copenhagen:

2% of all new investments in the ICT sector in the EU

(1% of the EU population)

London: >5% of EU total R&D by

ICT firms

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The anatomy of EIPE

• Very strong concentration of R&D financing in terms of

• Location,

• Actors,

• Activities

• Money follows, among others, performance

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The anatomy of EIPE

Darmstadt: internationalisation of

ICT innovation>10% of patents cover inventions

developed jointly with inventors from

outside of Germany

Paris: Outward ICT R&D internationalisation

Dublin: Inward ICT business internationalisation

>320 (out of 450) affiliates of ICT R&D Scoreboard companies

from outside of Ireland

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The anatomy of EIPE

• Intensive internationalisation of all types of activities

• However, one size does not fit all

• Internationalisation of each activity follows different pattern

• Each region has a different portfolio of partners

• Some show more local orientation (within the EU), while others have far reaching connections (US & Asia)

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The anatomy of EIPE

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The anatomy of EIPE

• Complex web of connections

• Various roles, positions, …

• Different network structures emerging for

• Activities, locations, …

• Unclear implications…



The anatomy of EIPE

Some implications

Overview

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A very concentrated landscape Consistent with theory of agglomeration and method

R&D, Innovation and business activity equally important and observable

BUT DIVERSITY DOMINATES

EIPE are the main hubs in local, European and global networks

Asymmetrical dependencies oppose the image of disconnected peripheries

Network position matters

Excellence builds on high performance across all activities

Strong clustering of ICT activities

Top EIPEs are the epicentres of EU ICT activities Which extend beyond their local boundaries And network globally

Excellence is scarce

Some implications

Germany distributed, France centralised…. Probably echoes the historical/institutional rootsNational patterns appear

Epicentres identified at NUTS3 level Economic rationale guides a geographical spread

Spatial agglomeration respect no administrative boundary

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Questions? Thank you!

european ict poles of excellence

Economy & Finance