European Exploration of North America and North

Carolina

Chapter 3

11/4/2011

EQ: Why did Europeans first explore North America and North Carolina, and what were the consequences?

European Exploration of North America. Chapter 3 Section 1

11/4/2011

EQ: Why did Europeans first explore North America and North Carolina, and what were the consequences?

Objectives:1.Analyze the causes and the effects of the Treaty of Tordesilla.2. Describe Spanish colonization of the New World.3.Examine the actions of some of the conquistadors.4.Identify the impact Catholicism and missionaries on the New World.5.Analyze the beginning of the slave trade.6.Identify the results of the Columbian Exchange.7.Summarize early efforts to find a northwest passage.8.Describe Verrazano’s journey up the eastern coast of North America.

Setting the stage pg 41

Europeans had many reasons to explore the New World and establish colonies.

What were the reasons for many of the expeditions?

Historical Spotlight pg 41

Why America and not Columbia or Erikson’s Land?

Summarize notes11/4/2011

1. Wealth2. Spread Christianity3. Freedom of religion

1. Passage to Asia2. Rivalry3. Thirst for glory and adventure4. Gold and silver5. Fur 6. Other resources

1. Amerigo Vespucci disproved Columbus’s claim to have found Asia.

2. Based on Vespuccis’s description of the America’s, a German cartographer drew a map of the Americas naming the two continents after Amerigo.

Dividing the World

Europeans had many reasons to explore the New World and establish colonies.

What were the reasons for many of the expeditions?

Historical Spotlight pg 41

Why America and not Columbia or Erikson’s Land?

Summarize notes

11/4/2011

1. Wealth2. Spread Christianity3. Freedom of religion

1. Passage to Asia2. Rivalry3. Thirst for glory and adventure4. Gold and silver5. Fur 6. Other resources

1. Amerigo Vespucci disproved Columbus’s claim to have found Asia.

2. Based on Vespuccis’s description of the America’s, a German cartographer drew a map of the Americas naming the two continents after Amerigo.

Think as a Historian pg 42

Who are some famous dictators?Dividing the world pg 42

Pope Alexander VI’s 1494 Treaty of Tordesilla was an important document.

Spain builds and empire.Pg 42

Sequence exploration events

Who were the conquistadors?

Summarize notes11/4/2011

1. Montezuma: Aztec; Atahualpa: Incas2. Charles I: Spain; Fidel Castro: Cuba

1. The Treaty of Tordesilla divided newly discovered land between Spain and Portugal using an imaginary line.

2. Spain = left of the line: Americas3. Portugal = right of the line: Africa & Asia

1. Columbus establishes a settlement on the Cuba & Hispaniola to search for gold.

1. Settlers begin to farm2. Divides the land

2. NA are forced to work for the Spanish3. Spanish taught NA Christianity

PortugalSpain

Spanish conquerors who explored looking for wealth and glory.

Cortes conquers Mexico pg 42

Describe life for the Aztecs prior to 1521

Describe life for the Aztecs after 1521

Pizarro conquers Perupg 43

Cortez:Aztec; Pizarro: __

Create a timeline of events

11/4/2011

1. Aztecs controlled most of Mexico from Tenochtitlan.

2. Aztecs traded and fought w/neighbors

3. Captives were sacrificed to the gods

1. Hernando Cortez led an expedition from Cuba to Mexico.

2. Aztecs are conquered 3. Take Aztec’s gold and silver4. Attempt to convert Aztec’s to

Christianity.

1. 1532 – Pizarro reaches Cuzco Peru2. Captures and kills Atahuapa leader of

the Incas3. By 1632 Peru is conquered by Spanish4. Gold and silver is confiscated5. Discover mines6. Spain is richest country in Europe

Missionaries spread Catholicism pg 43What is a missionary?

How did some reformers show their displeasure with the Catholic church?

Describe a mission and its purpose.

Summarize11/4/2011

A person who teaches his religion to people of other faiths.

1. Columbus promised King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

2. People in Europe were becoming dissatisfied with church teachings and abuses.

3. Protestants and Muslims were seen as a threat to the Catholic faith

4. Spanish wanted to spread Catholic faith.

Protestants left the Catholic church and formed their own faith.

Why did the Spanish want to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism?

• Missions- small settlements• church• Fort• homes for missionaries and converts• Some missionaries used NA for laborers• Others disapproved of the treatment.

Missionaries spread Catholicism pg 43

What is a missionary?

How did some reformers show their displeasure with the Catholic church?

What kind of communities did the Spanish priests create in America?

OverworkEuropean diseases

What was a result of deaths?

Summarize11/4/2011z

A person who teaches his religion to people of other faiths.

1. Columbus promised King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

2. People in Europe were becoming dissatisfied with church teachings and abuses.

3. Protestants and Muslims were seen as a threat to the Catholic faith

4. Spanish wanted to spread Catholic faith.

Protestants left the Catholic church and formed their own faith.

Why did the Spanish want to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism?

• Missions- small settlements• church• Fort• homes for missionaries and converts• Some missionaries used NA for laborers• Others disapproved of the treatment.

What were some causes of NA deaths?

Missionaries decided to bring slaves from Africa.

Missionaries spread Catholicism pg 44

Why caused the Native Americans to die?

The slave trade beginspg 44

Describe why Africans replaced Native Americans as laborers in America.

Summarize

11/4/2011z

• Overworked• diseases

1. Get Africans because they are less vulnerable to disease and more capable of working hard in tropical climates.

What was the missionaries solution to a lack of Native American laborers?

• Africans captured fellow Africans during times of war.

• Spanish needed more laborers in America

• Slaves became more valuable than gold.• Portuguese started trading slaves• During 1500s African chiefs sold Slaves

along the W. African Coast• Africans were shipped to N. Am and S.

Am.• Africans replace Nat Am as laborers.• Millions of Africans sent to Americas

against their will.

The Columbian Exchange pg 44-45

How did the arrival of the Spanish affect N. Am?

Name some negative results of the Columbian Exchange.

immunity

What the effect of disease on NA?

What were the positive effects of the Col Exch in the Americas?

Summarize11/4/2011z

• Clash of people and cultures• Movement of plants, animals, and

disease.

The movement of living things between the hemispheres.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

• The ability to fight off diseases.

1. Transfer of germs from Europe to Am.1. measles, 2. influenza3. Smallpox

(I guess they didn’t mis out on the diseases.)

• 20 million died in Mexico• Pop decreased by 90-95% btwn 1519 -

1619.• 60 – 100 million b/f Columbus – 90%

within 150 years after Columbus• • Spanish = plants and animals• Europeans = livestock (pigs, cattle,

horses)• East Hemisphere=crops (grapes, onions,

wheat)

The Columbian Exchange pg 45 cont’d

How did the Col Exch impact Europe?

Seeking a NW passagePg 45

Summarize early efforts to find a northwest passage.

What other discoveries were made?

Summarize11/4/2011z

• American crops became part of Euro diet.

• potatoes = Russia, Ireland, and other parts of northern Europe.

• Result in increase population• Blending of cultures

• Pope divides the New World btwn Portugal and Spain

• Other Europeans complain• England and France send ships west

to N. Am• Spain = Caribbean & Central & S. Am

• Columbus was wrong• He did not find Asia• Spain & Portugal = South sea routes• England and France want NW

passage to Asia

NW passage cont’dPg 46-47

1497 – John Cabot

January 17, 1524 – Govanni da Verrazano

Verrazano continues northward pg 47

What other discoveries were made?

Create a timeline of events11/4/2011z

• Italian Navigator -financed by English merchants became the first to sail in search of NW passage.

• “Discovered” Newfoundland, Canada

• Verrazano stops near present day NY City• Fails to see Chesapeake and Delaware

bays• Stops in RI and ME and then

Newfoundland, Canada.Results = France’s later claims to New World

• France sends expedition in search of sea route.

• See the mouth of the Cape Fear River.• Thinks he finds route to Asia

• Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound• 150+ years map makers think Pacific

Ocean near North Carolina• First to visit future NC