European Exploration and European Exploration and Settlement of the New WorldSettlement of the New World

The chart of Spanish, French, Dutch and English settlement

Spanish reasons for exploration• Spread Christianity

• Mine for silver/gold

• Expand colonial empire

• (God, gold, glory)

Spanish explorers• Coronado de Soto

• Francisco Pizzaro

• Hernan Cortes

• Balboa

• Columbus

Spanish lands claimed

• Santo Domingo (Hispaniola), Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Cuba

• Mexico

• Panama, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador

• Western coast of South America

• Florida, southwest California

Spanish characteristics of Rule• Only Spanish Catholics were allowed to emigrate to the

colonies.

• The encomienda system used Native American slave labor to run plantations and mining operations.

• When the Native American slave system failed, the Spaniards changed to the Asiento system, where African slaves were imported.

Spanish legacy to America• They introduced Christianity to the New World by

converting Native Americans to Catholicism.• They built churches and cathedrals.• Spanish is the official language of Mexico and most

of Central and South America.• They brought oranges, lemons, olives, sugar cane,

wheat, rice, horses, cattle, donkeys, pigs, and sheep.• The first universities in America were founded in

Lima and Mexico City.• The Spanish style of architecture still exists today.

Cathedral of Santa MariaSanto Domingo Spanish speaking

countries in the Americas

Spanish style architecture

French reasons for exploration• Find a shorter passage to the Indies

• Build an overseas empire

• Gain new fishing banks and trade more furs

• Send Catholic missionaries to the New World

• (Fish, Furs, Forests)

French Explorers• Verrazano

• Cartier

• Champlain

• Marquette

• La Salle

French lands claimed

• Canada (Quebec)

• Great Lakes region, Mississippi River Valley, St. Lawrence River Valley, Louisiana– Niagara Falls, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Green Bay,

St. Louis, Memphis, Natchez, Mobile, New Orleans

French characteristics of Rule• Only French Catholics could emigrate.• New France was divided into provinces

with each being ruled by a royal governor.• Large estates were granted to Lords.• Fur traders lived peacefully with the

Natives in order to trade with them.• Missionaries and priests Christianized the

Native Americans.

French legacy to America

• The Catholic Church became strongly established in the Mississippi Valley and eastern Canada.

• French is spoken in Quebec.• Mardi Gras is celebrated in New Orleans.• Detroit, St. Louis, Vermont, Duluth, Lake

Champlain, Baton Rouge are all French place names.

http://partysupplieshut.com/mardi-gras/mardi-gras-history.htm

Detroit, St. Louis, Vermont, Duluth, Lake Champlain, Baton Rouge are all French place names.

Dutch reasons for exploration

• Henry Hudson explored American in search of anew route to the Indies.

Dutch explorers• Henry Hudson

Dutch land claims• Hudson River Valley southward to

Delaware Bay– New Amsterdam (New York)

Dutch characteristics of rule

• Settlers were relatively free to found settlements along the Hudson River and carry on a profitable fur trade with the Native Americans.

Dutch legacy to America• Dwellings in NY state reflect Dutch architecture.• Catskill, Brooklyn, Yonkers, Bowery, Tappan Zee

are Dutch place names.• Bowling and ice skating were introduced by the

Dutch.• Three presidents were descendants of Dutch

settlers: Martin van Buren, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

WALL STREET

New Amsterdam was the size of a small village during Kieft’s governorship. A wall to the north (right), built in 1653, was a defensive line at what is now Wall Street. The Heerengracht canal (lower left) was crossed by pretty bridges in the Dutch style. The StateHouse, a former tavern, was at the far lower left.

English reasons for settlement

• Expand her overseas colonies

• Gain better living conditions for poor/landless

• Seek political and religious freedom

• Make fortunes

English explorers• John Cabot

• Francis Drake

• Humphrey Gilbert

• Walter Raleigh

• Henry Hudson (after sailing for the Dutch)

English land claims• Eastern coast of North America (began

colonizing in 1607)

English characteristics of rule

This is our next unit

English legacy to America

• This is the rest of our course