european conquest pre-columbian civilizations include the olmec, teotuhuacan, mayan, zapotec,...
TRANSCRIPT
European Conquest
Pre-Columbian civilizations include the Olmec, Teotuhuacan, Mayan, Zapotec, Toltec, Aztec
1519: Conquest of Mexico by Cortes Aztec Emperor Moctezuma Prophecies of Quetzlcoatl La Malinche -- mestizaje
1521-1810 New Spain – included Central America, southwestern North America, the Caribbean, the Phillipines
New Spain 1521-1810
Feudal social system Conservative Roman Catholicism
throughout the Empire Class divisions
Spaniards – in charge of government Criollos (Creoles) – Spanish descent born in
New Spain – major land holders Mestizos – mixed Spanish and Indian descent Indians – peasants, agricultural workers, often
tied to landholdings as serfs had been in Europe
19th Century Mexico 1807: Napoleon invaded Spain 1810: Declaration of Mexican Independence 1810-1821: War of Independence 1821: 1st Empire of Mexico > Republic 1836: Republic of Texas declares independence
1845: Texas is annexed to the United States 1832-1855: Dominance of General Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna in Mexican government 1846-1848: War with U.S. led to annexation of
territory that became CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM and CO
1855: Santa Anna overthrown
19th Century Mexico 1857: new Constitution that did not mandate
Roman Catholicism as state religion 1857-1861: War of Reform – civil war 1860s: military occupation by France
2nd Mexican Empire: installation of Emperor Maximilian and Empress Carlota – favored limited monarchy
Emperor overthrown and executed by Benito Juarez’s forces
1867: Restoration of Republic 1876-1911: Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz
20th Century Mexico 1910-1921: Mexican Revolution
Leaders with conflicting aims included Francisco Madero, Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa, Pascual Orozco, Venustiano Carranza – most assassinated during revolution
1917: Mexican Constitution of 1917 1920: Alvaro Obregon elected President – instituted
many reforms in social liberalizalition, curbed the power of the Roman Catholic church, improved education, granted women’s civil rights
1926-1929: Cristero War 1929: Formation of National Mexican Party (PNM) >
Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) – dominant throughout 20th c.