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TRANSCRIPT
Wou
dsch
oute
n C
hem
ie C
onfe
rent
ie 2
012
De
mod
erne
che
mis
che
reac
tor
Van
gero
erde
pot
naa
r mul
ti-fu
nctio
neel
app
araa
t Ja
ap S
chou
ten
…..
the
next
75
min
utes
(or s
o)
� TU
Ein
dhov
en
� Fa
culte
it Sc
heik
undi
ge T
echn
olog
ie
�
Proc
este
chno
logi
e &
Rea
ctor
kund
e � …
.. a
rapi
dly
chan
ging
Wor
ld !
� D
e m
oder
ne c
hem
isch
e re
acto
r:
�
mic
rore
acto
ren
� sp
inni
ng d
isk
reac
tore
n
� D
emo
& “
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
”
Eind
hove
n U
nive
rsity
of
Tech
nolo
gy
Jaap
Sch
oute
n N
ovem
ber 2
012
Euro
pe -
The
Net
herla
nds
- Ein
dhov
en
… a
lead
ing
posi
tion
in th
e w
orld
as
an in
tern
atio
nal
top
rese
arch
uni
vers
ity
with
a m
ajor
impa
ct in
en
gine
erin
g sc
ienc
e an
d te
chno
logy
…
Eind
hove
n U
nive
risty
of T
echn
olog
y
Bac
helo
r Col
lege
G
radu
ate
Prog
ram
Ener
gy
Hea
lth
Smar
t Mob
ility
TU/e
Str
ateg
ic R
esea
rch
Are
as:
Ene
rgy,
Hea
lth, S
mar
t Mob
ility
TU/e
Sci
ence
Par
k:
“Whe
re in
nova
tion
star
ts”,
Inno
vatio
n La
b, C
atal
yst
TU/e
& B
rain
port
202
0:
Ambi
tion
to b
e in
the
top-
3 in
202
0 of
top
tech
nolo
gy re
gion
s of
Eu
rope
and
in to
p-10
on
wor
ld le
vel
Hig
h-Te
ch C
ampu
s Ei
ndho
ven
Che
mel
ot C
ampu
s G
elee
n TU
/e c
olla
bora
tions
: FO
M In
stitu
te D
IFFE
R (e
nerg
y, p
lasm
a ph
ysic
s)
Stra
tegi
c Al
lianc
e TU
/e –
UU
(bio
med
ical
imag
ing,
sol
ar fu
els)
3T
U F
eder
atio
n (c
hem
ical
eng
inee
ring)
C
entre
of E
xcel
lenc
e TU
/e –
RU
N (c
ompl
ex m
olec
ular
sys
tem
s)
Prof
ile T
U/e
7
Dep
artm
ent o
f Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g an
d C
hem
istr
y
Dep
artm
ents
M
athe
mat
ics
& In
form
atic
s A
pplie
d P
hysi
cs
Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g an
d C
hem
istr
y E
lect
rical
Eng
inee
ring
Mec
hani
cal E
ngin
eerin
g B
iom
edic
al E
ngin
eerin
g In
dust
rial E
ngin
eerin
g &
Inno
vatio
n S
cien
ces
Arc
hite
ctur
e In
dust
rial D
esig
n
TU/e
Fac
ts &
Fig
ures
(201
1)
Stud
ents
: 735
8 R
esea
rch
staf
f: 20
47
Full
prof
esso
rs: 1
32
PhD
stu
dent
s: 1
205
Part
-tim
e pr
ofes
sors
: 115
Sc
ient
ific
publ
icat
ions
: 309
8
Tota
l bud
get:
317
M€
Eind
hove
n re
gion
21
mun
icip
aliti
es, p
opul
atio
n of
730
.000
384.
000
jobs
>
70.0
00 jo
bs in
indu
stry
>
50%
of w
hich
are
hig
h- &
med
ium
-tech
R&
D e
xpen
ditu
re 3
% o
f Gro
ss D
omes
tic P
rodu
ct
Sout
heas
t Net
herla
nds
acco
unts
for 5
0% o
f Dut
ch R
&D
exp
endi
ture
Reg
iona
l fac
ts T
U/e
TU
/e S
trat
egy
2020
Inte
rnat
iona
lizat
ion
of s
tude
nts
and
educ
atio
n �
Mor
e in
tern
atio
nal M
Sc, P
DEn
g an
d Ph
D s
tude
nts
�To
p ta
lent
with
an
inte
rnat
iona
l foc
us
Bac
helo
r Col
lege
& G
radu
ate
Scho
ol
Stre
ngth
enin
g in
tern
atio
nal r
esea
rch
posi
tion
Dev
elop
ing
cam
pus
into
TU
/e S
cien
ce P
ark
of
nat
iona
l im
port
ance
and
inte
rnat
iona
l sty
le
Dev
elop
inte
rnat
iona
l uni
vers
ity c
ultu
re
TU/e
Inno
vatio
n La
b �
stra
tegi
c co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith in
dust
ry
� de
velo
pmen
t of t
echn
olog
y in
nova
tion
prog
ram
s �
new
bus
ines
s de
velo
pmen
t (sp
in-o
ffs)
� en
trepr
eneu
rshi
p (te
chno
-sta
rters
) Ed
ucat
ion
Min
or E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
& In
nova
tion
Cer
tific
ate
Tech
nolo
gy E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
Cat
alys
t Tec
hnol
ogy
& B
usin
ess
Incu
bato
r Ein
dhov
en (4
000
m2 )
of
fices
(200
0 m
2 ), w
orks
hops
(867
m2 )
, che
mis
try la
bs (6
00 m
2 ), o
ther
labs
(533
m2 )
Kno
wle
dge
valo
risat
ion
at T
U/e
Sp
in o
ff co
mpa
nies
– C
atal
yst B
uild
ing
(201
2)
Tim
es H
ighe
r Edu
catio
n R
anki
ng 2
011-
2012
� 6
8 U
U
� 7
5 W
UR
�
79
LU
� 9
2 U
vA
� 10
4 TU
D
� 11
5 TU
/e
� 13
4 R
UG
�
157
EU
R
� 15
9 V
U
� 19
7 M
U
� 20
0 U
T
THE
Ran
king
200
Top
Uni
vers
ities
201
1-20
12 U
SA
75
Bel
gium
3
U
K
32
Kor
ea
3
G
erm
any
12
Sing
apor
e 2
N
ethe
rland
s
11
Ire
land
2
C
anad
a 9
Nor
way
2
A
ustr
alia
7
Isra
el
2
Sw
itzer
land
7
Taiw
an
1
Fran
ce
6
So
uth
Afr
ica
1
Japa
n
5
A
ustr
ia
1
Swed
en
5
B
razi
l
1
Hon
g K
ong
4
Fi
nlan
d 1
C
hina
3
Sp
ain
1
D
enm
ark
3
Else
vier
-ond
erzo
ek S
epte
mbe
r 201
2
…..
the
next
min
utes
(or s
o)
� TU
Ein
dhov
en
� Fa
culte
it Sc
heik
undi
ge T
echn
olog
ie
�
Proc
este
chno
logi
e &
Rea
ctor
kund
e � …
.. a
rapi
dly
chan
ging
Wor
ld !
� D
e m
oder
ne c
hem
isch
e re
acto
r:
�
mic
rore
acto
ren
� sp
inni
ng d
isk
reac
tore
n
� D
emo
& “
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
”
Dep
artm
ent o
f Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g an
d C
hem
istr
y
Fact
s &
Fig
ures
Staf
f: 13
pr
ofes
sors
8
as
soci
ate
prof
esso
rs
20
assi
stan
t pro
fess
ors
76
tech
nica
l/adm
inis
trat
ive
supp
ort s
taff
Stud
ents
: B
Sc
MSc
Ph
D
PDEn
g (in
201
1)
259
199
183
38
Bud
get 2
012:
30
MEu
ro (i
ncl.
16 M
euro
ext
erna
l fun
ding
) Pu
blic
atie
s in
refe
reed
sci
entif
ic jo
urna
ls:
2008
: 246
; 200
9: 2
90; 2
010:
267
; 201
1: 2
32
Dep
artm
ent o
f Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g an
d C
hem
istr
y D
epar
tmen
t of C
hem
ical
Eng
inee
ring
and
Che
mis
try
Stud
ent i
ntak
e:
BS
c:
60
– 8
0 st
uden
ts/y
ear
MS
c:
45 –
65 s
tude
nts/
year
P
hD:
35
– 4
5 st
uden
ts/y
ear
P
DE
ng:
20 –
25
stud
ents
/yea
r
Out
flow
mor
e th
an 1
00 s
tude
nts/
year
:
5
0 –
60 M
Sc/
year
30
– 40
PhD
/yea
r
20
– 2
5 P
DE
ng/y
ear
Tops
ecto
ren:
Mas
terp
lan
Bèt
a en
Tec
hnol
ogie
V
MB
O
M
BO
HB
O
W
O
T
otaa
l To
taal
inst
room
19
3.70
0 62
3.80
0 32
8.50
0 18
3.50
0
1.32
9.50
0 ar
beid
smar
kt
Tota
al b
èta
&
6
3.10
0 18
7.30
0 5
4.30
0 3
2.70
0
33
7.40
0 te
chno
logi
e %
tech
nisc
h
33%
30%
17%
18%
25%
ge
dipl
omee
rden
P
rogn
ose
inst
room
201
1-20
16
Mee
r tec
hnol
ogie
tale
nt v
oor N
eder
land
Doe
lste
lling
202
5: 4
0%
Imag
o –
Wer
ving
Af
stem
min
g ar
beid
smar
kt –
Soc
iale
inno
vatie
In
tern
atio
nalis
erin
g
Die
Zei
t – S
tudi
enfu
ehre
r – C
HE
Ran
king
Res
earc
h Fo
cal A
reas
Mol
ecul
ar S
yste
ms
an
d M
ater
ials
Che
mis
try
Che
mic
al
and
Pr
oces
s Te
chno
logy
Dep
artm
ent o
f Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g an
d C
hem
istr
y
Mol
ecul
ar S
yste
ms
and
Mat
eria
ls C
hem
istr
y M
acro
-Org
anic
Che
mis
try
Pr
of. B
ert M
eije
r M
olec
ular
Mat
eria
ls a
nd N
anos
yste
ms
Prof
. Ren
é Ja
nsse
n Su
pram
olec
ular
Pol
ymer
Che
mis
try
Prof
. Rin
t Sijb
esm
a Fu
ncti
onal
Mat
eria
ls a
nd D
evic
es
Prof
. Dic
k Br
oer
Mat
eria
ls a
nd In
terf
ace
Chem
istr
y
Pr
of. B
ert d
e W
ith
Poly
mer
Mat
eria
ls
Va
canc
y Ch
emic
al a
nd P
roce
ss T
echn
olog
y Ch
emic
al R
eact
or E
ngin
eeri
ng
Prof
. Jaa
p Sc
hout
en
Mul
tisc
ale
Mod
ellin
g of
Mul
tiph
ase
Flow
s
Prof
. Han
s Ku
iper
s M
icro
Flo
w C
hem
istr
y &
Pro
cess
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pr
of. V
olke
r H
esse
l Po
lym
er R
eact
ion
Engi
neer
ing
Prof
. Jan
Meu
ldijk
M
olec
ular
Het
erog
eneo
us C
atal
ysis
Prof
. Em
iel H
ense
n Ch
emic
al P
roce
ss In
tens
ifica
tion
Pr
of. M
arti
n va
n Si
nt A
nnal
and
Sepa
rati
on T
echn
olog
y
Prof
. Maa
ike
Kroo
n
Exci
ting
rese
arch
the
mes
: �
com
plex
mol
ecul
es
� m
acro
-mol
ecul
ar a
ssem
blie
s
� m
ater
ials
with
spe
cial
func
tiona
litie
s � su
pram
olec
ular
arc
hite
ctur
es a
nd o
rgan
ic m
ater
ials
for e
lect
roni
cs
� st
ruct
ure
and
func
tiona
l per
form
ance
of m
ulti-
mat
eria
ls
� co
ntro
l of m
olec
ular
and
mat
eria
l str
uctu
res
and
mor
phol
ogy
� in
terf
acia
l phe
nom
ena
and
mul
ti-m
ater
ials
� no
vel m
olec
ular
con
cept
s in
pol
ymer
, mat
eria
ls a
nd o
rgan
ic c
hem
istr
y � ad
vanc
ed n
ew m
ater
ials
: con
duct
ing
poly
mer
s, s
olar
cel
ls, d
ispl
ays
� an
d m
any
mor
e …
…
Mol
ecul
ar S
yste
ms
and
Mat
eria
ls C
hem
istr
y
Exci
ting
rese
arch
the
mes
: �
com
plex
mul
ti-ph
ase
flow
s
� m
ulti-
scal
e CF
D m
odel
ing
� pr
oces
s in
tens
ifica
tion
� no
vel r
eact
ors
� hi
gh-s
hear
& h
igh-
grav
ity s
yste
ms
� m
icro
-str
uctu
red
reac
tors
� flo
w c
hem
istr
y
� ad
vanc
ed s
epar
atio
n sy
stem
s
� em
ulsi
on p
olym
eriz
atio
n
� ca
taly
sis
engi
neer
ing
� pr
oces
s sy
stem
s en
gine
erin
g
� an
d m
any
mor
e …
…
Che
mic
al a
nd P
roce
ss T
echn
olog
y
Spin
-off
com
pani
es a
t dep
artm
ent C
EC
Mai
n st
rate
gic
rese
arch
par
tner
s
Publ
ic-P
riva
te P
artn
ersh
ips:
D
utch
Pol
ymer
Inst
itute
(DPI
) In
stitu
te fo
r Su
stai
nabl
e Pr
oces
s Te
chno
logy
(ISP
T)
Aca
dem
ic P
artn
ersh
ips:
D
elft
and
Tw
ente
Uni
vers
ities
of T
echn
olog
y (3
TU)
Uni
vers
ities
of U
trec
ht a
nd N
ijmeg
en
FOM
Ene
rgy
Inst
itute
DIF
FER
Indu
stri
al P
artn
ersh
ips:
D
SM, A
kzoN
obel
, She
ll, P
hilip
s, A
lfaLa
val,
MSD
, Evo
nik,
BA
SF,
and
man
y m
ore
indu
stri
al (c
hem
ical
) com
pani
es
…..
the
next
min
utes
(or s
o)
� TU
Ein
dhov
en
� Fa
culte
it Sc
heik
undi
ge T
echn
olog
ie
�
Proc
este
chno
logi
e &
Rea
ctor
kund
e � …
.. a
rapi
dly
chan
ging
Wor
ld !
� D
e m
oder
ne c
hem
isch
e re
acto
r:
�
mic
rore
acto
ren
� sp
inni
ng d
isk
reac
tore
n
� D
emo
& “
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
”
“Pro
cest
echn
olog
ie”
Fy
sisc
he C
hem
ie
Ther
mod
ynam
ica
Stro
min
gsle
er
Fysi
sche
Tra
nspo
rtve
rsch
ijnse
len
Stof
- en
War
mte
over
drac
ht
Rea
ctie
kine
tiek
& K
atal
yse
Che
mis
che
Rea
ctor
tech
nolo
gie
Sche
idin
gste
chno
logi
e Pr
oces
- en
Prod
ucto
ntw
erp
Proc
esdy
nam
ica
Proc
esre
gelin
g Pr
oces
s Sy
stem
s En
gine
erin
g Te
chni
sche
Bed
rijfs
kund
e Te
chno
logi
e M
anag
emen
t
Che
mic
al a
nd P
roce
ss T
echn
olog
y
Che
mic
al R
eact
or –
Its
Fun
ctio
ns
… e
nabl
es th
e
nece
ssar
y re
actio
n tim
e
… re
mov
es o
r ad
ds h
eat
… p
rovi
des
phas
e in
terf
aces
Stir
red
Tan
k R
eact
or
Slu
rry
Bu
bble
Col
um
n
Gas
Li
quid
So
lid
Rea
ctor
s
Geo
rgii
Agr
icol
ae
De
Re
Met
allic
a, 1
55
6
(Ada
pted
fro
m A
. Sta
nki
ewic
z, T
U D
elft
)
Proc
ess
& R
eact
or In
tens
ifica
tion
…..
the
next
min
utes
(or s
o)
� TU
Ein
dhov
en
� Fa
culte
it Sc
heik
undi
ge T
echn
olog
ie
�
Proc
este
chno
logi
e &
Rea
ctor
kund
e � …
.. a
rapi
dly
chan
ging
Wor
ld !
� D
e m
oder
ne c
hem
isch
e re
acto
r:
�
mic
rore
acto
ren
� sp
inni
ng d
isk
reac
tore
n
� D
emo
& “
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
”
�Su
stai
nabi
lity
& C
radl
e-to
-Cra
dle
� C
O2
& C
limat
e C
hang
e � R
esou
rces
& B
ioba
sed
Econ
omy
� En
ergy
, Wat
er, H
ealth
& M
obili
ty
� Ec
onom
ic G
row
th &
Em
ploy
men
t �Ed
ucat
ion
& E
xcel
lenc
e � O
pen
Inno
vatio
n &
Res
earc
h � G
loba
lisat
ion
& W
ar fo
r Tal
ent
…..
a ra
pidl
y ch
angi
ng w
orld
! K
ey J
ourn
als
Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g
Jour
nal
#
Pape
rs
Shar
e
# Pa
pers
: art
icle
s &
revi
ews,
195
1 –
2011
Indu
stri
al E
ngin
eeri
ng C
hem
istr
y Re
sear
ch (I
ECR)
183
05
31.2
%
Chem
ical
Eng
inee
ring
Sci
ence
(CES
)
163
40
27.9
%
AIC
hE Jo
urna
l (A
IChE
J)
103
36
17.6
%
Chem
ical
Eng
inee
ring
Jour
nal (
CEJ)
5
234
8
.9%
Chem
ical
Eng
inee
ring
Res
earc
h D
esig
n (C
ERD
)
311
3
5.3
%
Chem
ical
Eng
iner
ing
Tech
nolo
gy (C
ET)
301
3
5.1
%
Chem
ical
Eng
inee
ring
Pro
cess
ing
(CEP
)
2
339
4
.0%
Tota
l
586
89
100
%
Key
Cou
ntrie
s C
hem
ical
Eng
inee
ring
Peri
od:
1951
– 2
011
20
02 –
201
1
2008
– 2
011
Pape
rs:
5868
9
2950
5
14
542
Shar
e:
100
%
50
.3%
24.8
%
Top
10 c
ount
ries
U
SA
1495
1
U
SA
562
0
CHIN
A
268
2 CH
INA
4
472
CHIN
A
393
0
USA
2
312
ENG
L 3
801
GER
M
224
3
IND
IA
108
7 G
ERM
3
566
IND
IA
198
2
GER
M
9
46
CAN
3
016
ENG
L 1
753
SP
AIN
803
IN
DIA
2
874
CAN
1
607
FR
AN
CE
778
FR
AN
CE
2650
FR
AN
CE
1601
CAN
754
JA
PAN
2
306
SPA
IN
149
5
ENG
L
675
SP
AIN
2
078
JAPA
N
120
5
JAPA
N
5
17
NL
200
3
N
L
984
IRA
N
4
57
Tota
l 41
717
(71%
)
Tota
l 22
420
(76%
) To
tal
1101
1 (7
6%)
Mos
t Cite
d Pa
pers
200
8 –
2011
1.Pr
etre
atm
ent
of b
iom
ass
and
biof
uel p
rodu
ctio
n, IE
CR (2
009)
, #19
2
2.D
iscr
ete
part
icle
sim
ulat
ion,
IECR
(200
8), #
111
3.CO
2 se
para
tion
in io
nic
liqui
ds, I
ECR
(200
8), #
110
4.Ch
emic
al lo
opin
g co
mbu
stio
n an
d CO
2 se
para
tion
, CES
(200
9), #
106
5.M
odel
ing
of a
dsor
ptio
n an
d tr
ansp
ort i
n M
OF
mat
eria
ls, I
ECR
(200
9), #
101
6.H
ydro
gen
prod
ucti
on fr
om b
iom
ass
and
CO2
capt
ure,
CES
(200
8), #
100
7.So
rpti
on-e
nhan
ced
hydr
ogen
pro
duct
ion,
IECR
(200
8), #
86
8.M
odel
ing
of d
iffus
ion
and
reac
tion
in a
por
ous
cata
lyst
, CEJ
(200
8), #
82
9.M
embr
ange
gas
sep
arat
ion,
IECR
(200
9), #
81
10.M
esop
orou
s si
lica
for
drug
del
iver
y, C
EJ (2
008)
, #78
� CH
INA
obt
aine
d to
p-1
posi
tion
larg
est n
umbe
rs o
f pap
ers
� EN
GL
drop
ped
out o
f top
-5 ra
nkin
g �
IND
IA fi
rm p
osit
ion
in to
p-5
rank
ing
larg
est n
umbe
rs o
f pap
ers
� U
SA h
ighe
st im
pact
(num
ber
of c
itat
ions
per
pap
er)
Reg
iona
l Im
pact
on
Che
mic
al E
ngin
eerin
g
1971
-198
0 19
81-1
990
1991
-200
0 20
01-2
010
2007
-201
1
USA
40
.7
USA
29
.6
USA
25
.9
USA
13
.7
CHIN
A
4.5
ENG
L 29
.8
ENG
L 24
.4
ENG
L 19
.7
CHIN
A
8.6
U
SA
6.1
CAN
34
.0
CAN
28
.9
GER
M
16.1
G
ERM
11
.1
IND
IA
5.5
JAPA
N
29.3
JA
PAN
20
.8
CAN
21
.4
IND
IA
10.4
G
ERM
4.
9 IN
DIA
21
.3
FRG
25
.7
FRA
NCE
18
.1
ENG
L 11
.5
SPA
IN
6.1
(NL
25.2
N
L 27
.0
NL
25.2
N
L 13
.4
NL
6.8)
Top-
5 ra
nkin
g la
rges
t num
ber
of p
aper
s A
vera
ge n
umbe
r of
cit
atio
ns p
er p
aper
Reg
iona
l Im
pact
on
Scie
nce
& T
echn
olog
y
Peri
od:
Jan
2002
– F
eb 2
012
CHEM
ISTR
Y
PHYS
ICS
#pap
ers
#c
itat
ions
/pap
er
#p
aper
s
#cit
atio
ns/p
aper
U
SA
2272
77
USA
20
.93
U
SA
2154
16
SWIT
Z 14
.33
CHIN
A
2099
33
NL
18.2
3
CHIN
A
1392
85
NL
13.9
4 JA
PAN
10
8603
SW
ITZ
17.6
7
JAPA
N
1080
08
AU
STRI
A 1
3.27
G
ERM
9
5023
D
ENM
15
.69
G
ERM
10
1656
U
SA
12.9
8 IN
DIA
7
0188
EN
GL
15.0
1
FRA
NCE
7
3266
SC
OTL
12
.89
ENG
INEE
RIN
G
MAT
ERIA
LS S
CIEN
CE
#p
aper
s
#cit
atio
ns/p
aper
#pap
ers
#c
itat
ions
/pap
er
USA
20
2149
SW
ITZ
7.21
CHIN
A
1015
46
NL
13.4
2 CH
INA
10
2848
D
ENM
7.
17
U
SA
738
09
DEN
M
13.0
0 JA
PAN
6
1334
BE
LG
6.40
JAPA
N
494
77
USA
12
.57
ENG
L 4
7586
U
SA
6.33
GER
M
332
55
SWIT
Z 12
.57
GER
M
465
57
NL
6.17
STH
KO
R
2905
0 SC
OTL
12
.04
Reg
iona
l Im
pact
on
Scie
nce
& T
echn
olog
y
Peri
od:
Jan
2002
– F
eb 2
012
ENV
IRO
NM
ENT/
ECO
LOG
Y
BIO
LOG
Y/BI
OCH
EMIS
TRY
#pap
ers
#c
itat
ions
/pap
er
#p
aper
s
#cit
atio
ns/p
aper
U
SA
8941
5 SW
ITZ
17.3
9
USA
19
0727
SW
ITZ
23.7
7 CH
INA
22
525
SWED
EN 1
6.25
JAPA
N
553
35
USA
22
.30
CAN
20
423
ENG
L 16
.04
G
ERM
4
2964
SC
OTL
21
.56
ENG
L 18
796
SCO
TL
15.6
5
ENG
L 3
7871
EN
GL
21.3
7 G
ERM
17
694
NL
15.2
1
CHIN
A
367
22
DEN
M
19.3
4 M
ICRO
BIO
LOG
Y
PH
ARM
ACO
LOG
Y/TO
XICO
LOG
Y #p
aper
s
#cit
atio
ns/p
aper
#pap
ers
#c
itat
ions
/pap
er
CHIN
A
1015
46
NL
13.4
2
USA
54
069
SCO
TL
20.3
6
USA
7
3809
D
ENM
13
.00
JA
PAN
20
034
SWIT
Z 16
.65
JAPA
N
494
77
USA
12
.57
CH
INA
15
693
ENG
L 16
.12
GER
M
332
55
SWIT
Z 12
.57
G
ERM
12
580
USA
15
.91
STH
KO
R
2905
0 SC
OTL
12
.04
EN
GL
1139
2 SW
EDEN
15.
57
…..
the
next
min
utes
(or s
o)
� TU
Ein
dhov
en
� Fa
culte
it Sc
heik
undi
ge T
echn
olog
ie
�
Proc
este
chno
logi
e &
Rea
ctor
kund
e � …
.. a
rapi
dly
chan
ging
Wor
ld !
� D
e m
oder
ne c
hem
isch
e re
acto
r:
�
mic
rore
acto
ren
� sp
inni
ng d
isk
reac
tore
n
� D
emo
& “
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
”
Geo
rgii
Agr
icol
ae
De
Re
Met
allic
a, 1
55
6
(Ada
pted
fro
m A
. Sta
nki
ewic
z, T
U D
elft
)
Proc
ess
& R
eact
or In
tens
ifica
tion
From
Bat
ch to
Con
tinuo
us P
roce
ssin
g
Con
tinuo
us p
roce
ssin
g � B
ulk
& P
etro
chem
ical
indu
stry
� S
ingl
e pu
rpos
e se
t-up
� S
ame
chem
istry
in s
ame
reac
tor
� Aut
omat
ed o
pera
tion
� Eur
os /
ton
prod
uced
� >
> 90
% y
ield
� O
pen
air f
acili
ties
Bat
ch p
roce
ssin
g � F
ine-
chem
ical
s &
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
� M
ulti-
purp
ose
set-u
p � D
iffer
ent p
rodu
cts
in s
ame
reac
tor
� Sem
i-aut
omat
ed o
pera
tion
� > 1
000
Eur
os /
gram
pro
duct
� 2
-3 %
yie
ld; 4
kg
was
te /
kg p
rodu
ct
� Clo
sed
build
ings
Gas
-Liq
uid-
Solid
Rea
ctio
n Pr
oces
ses
a gl
a s
Cg
CB
Gas
Li
quid
So
lid
Gas
Li
quid
So
lid
Ag
ggl
lgl
ss
tr
HH
Hr
Cka
ka
ka
mLk
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��
��
��
��
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�
�
11
Reaction rate
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alys
t con
cent
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ass
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inet
ical
ly
lim
ited
Ag
ggl
lgl
ss
tr
HH
Hr
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ka
ka
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11
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tr
HH
Hr
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ka
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�
�
11
Min
i & M
icro
Flo
w S
yste
ms
Hyd
rody
nam
ics
and
Tran
spor
t
mic
roch
anne
ls
mac
ropo
res
mic
ropo
res
clus
ters
re
acto
r pla
tes
10-3
10
-4
10-5
10
-6
10-7
10
-8
10-9
m
Kin
etic
s an
d C
atal
ytic
Act
ivity
Ato
mic
sca
le: a
ppro
pria
te c
atal
yst w
ith m
eso/
mic
ro p
ore
syst
em
Nan
o sc
ale:
met
allic
clu
ster
s, n
arro
w p
artic
le s
ize
dist
ribut
ion,
des
ired
met
al lo
adin
gs
Mic
ro s
cale
: thi
n ca
taly
st la
yer
to a
void
long
diff
usio
n pa
thw
ays
in m
acro
pore
s M
acro
sca
le: s
ame
resi
denc
e tim
e an
d re
actio
n co
nditi
ons
in e
very
(mic
ro)c
hann
el
Para
digm
: Ful
l Con
trol
at M
ultip
le L
engt
h Sc
ales
(M
icro
) Rea
ctor
Map
ping
Poly
mer
Inte
rmed
iate
Pro
duct
ion
Met
hane
Ref
orm
ing
in a
Mic
ro R
eact
or
Met
hane
Ref
orm
ing
in a
Mic
ro R
eact
or
Met
hane
Ref
orm
ing
in a
Mic
ro R
eact
or
Met
hane
Ref
orm
ing
in a
Mic
ro R
eact
or
Gas
-Liq
uid-
Liqu
id F
low
in a
Mic
ro C
hann
el
Out
let
Dec
ane
N2
Wat
er
Dec
ane
Inte
rmitt
ent –
inte
rmitt
ent f
low
Th
ree-
phas
e sl
ug fl
ow
Wat
er
N2
Wat
er
Para
llel –
inte
rmitt
ent f
low
N2
Dec
ane
W
HW
= 3
00 �
m, H
= 6
0 �m
Tran
sitio
nal f
low
pat
tern
Dec
ane
Wat
er
N2
Ch
arac
teri
stic
fea
ture
s:
� ch
anne
l dim
ensi
ons
100-
1000
�m
�
shor
t di
ffus
ion
leng
ths
� ex
celle
nt h
eat
& m
ass
tran
sfer
�
cata
lytic
ally
act
ive
supp
ort
stru
ctur
es
� ca
rbon
nan
ofib
ers
to e
nlar
ge s
urfa
ce a
rea
�
high
rea
ctio
n ra
tes
Pilla
red
Cat
alyt
ic M
icro
Rea
ctor
s
“Str
uct
ure
d M
icro
Rea
ctor
s”
Larg
e P
itch
C
lass
ic F
low
Map
UL
= 0
.1 m
s-1
UG =
0.2
7 m
s-1
UL
= 0
.52
m s
-1 U
G =
0.3
2 m
s-1
UL
= 0
.15
m s
-1 U
G =
1.2
m s
-1
UL
= 0
.2 m
s-1
UG =
5.9
m s
-1
UL
= 0
.3 m
s-1
UG =
4.1
m s
-1
UL
= 0
.1 m
s-1
UG =
22
.9 m
s-1
Smal
l Pit
ch
On
ly T
rick
le F
low
7 �
m
17
�m
50
�m
2 �
m
3 μm
50 μ
m 1
mm
x 5
0 μm
x 6
6 m
m
Ch
arac
teri
stic
fea
ture
s:
� m
icro
chan
nel w
ith 2
50 �
m d
iam
eter
�
gas-
liqui
d-so
lid in
terf
aces
�
nano
stru
ctur
ed fi
lms
as s
uppo
rt
� co
lloid
s-de
rived
act
ive
nano
part
icle
s �
exce
llent
hea
t &
mas
s tr
ansf
er
� be
tter
yie
ld a
nd s
elec
tivity
Mic
ro C
apill
ary
Che
mic
als
Synt
hesi
s
1 mm
Liqu
id
Liqu
id
Gas
Dop
ing
with
Pt 50
Sn50
co
lloid
s
Gen
tle A
ctiv
atio
nP
t 50S
n 50
Nan
ostr
uctu
red
activ
e fil
ms
Coa
ted
fuse
d si
lica
capi
llary
con
tain
ing
a Pd
Zn /
TiO
2 thi
n fil
m w
ith a
cub
ic m
esos
truc
ture
Zn
Pd
Fuse
d si
lica
TiO
2
TiO
2
Fuse
d si
lica
Fuse
d si
lica
TiO
2
TiO
2
Fuse
d si
lica
A. A
ota
et a
l., A
ngew
. Che
m. I
nt. E
d. 4
6 (2
007)
878
–88
0
Sepa
ratio
n in
Mic
ro C
hann
els
� H
igh
rat
es o
f m
ass
tran
sfer
�
Hig
h s
epar
atio
n e
ffic
ien
cy
Gas
-Liq
uid
Extr
actio
n in
a M
icro
Cha
nnel
Liqu
id: A
queo
us a
min
es
Gas
: CO
2 in
nitr
ogen
P G –
P L
��
Pc
P L
P G
P C
Perf
orat
ed W
all S
epar
ator
100 �m
25 �
m
5 �m
25
�m
25 �
m
Stab
le o
pera
tion
250
�m
Emul
sion
�
k la =
1.5
– 2
.5 s
-1 1)
�
diffi
cult
sepa
ratio
n of
pha
ses
�hi
gh e
nerg
y di
ssip
atio
n
Tayl
or fl
ow
�k la
= 0
.1 –
0.5
s-1
1)
�ea
sy s
epar
atio
n of
pha
ses
�lo
w e
nerg
y di
ssip
atio
n
Flow
: 5 m
l/min
Tu
bing
ID: 2
50 �
m
Effic
ienc
y: 9
5 %
Vo
lum
e: 7
or 3
2 �l
1) K
ashi
d et
al.,
Ind.
Eng
. Che
m. R
es. (
2011
)
Dis
pers
ed F
low
Ext
ract
ion
in a
Mic
ro C
hann
el
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.81
020
040
060
080
010
0012
00
extraction efficiency (-)tu
bing
leng
th (m
m)
k la
= 2.
5 s-
1
k la
= 0.
5 s-
1
250
�m
Mem
bran
e se
para
tor 1
)
�0.
5 �m
por
e P
TFE
mem
bran
e �
Are
a: 1
x 2
1 m
m
�Fl
ow ra
te: 0
.01
– 2
ml/m
in
Y-ju
nctio
n se
para
tor 2
)
�O
utle
ts: s
teel
and
Tef
lon
�ID
= 1
mm
�
30%
bre
ak th
roug
h at
1 m
l/min
1)
Kra
lj et
al.,
Lab
on
a C
hip
(200
7)
2) K
ashi
d et
al.,
Ind.
Eng
. Che
m. R
es. (
2007
)
Slow
Ext
ract
ion:
Sep
arat
ion
of P
hase
s
Flow
rate
reac
tion
mix
ture
: 0.0
5-0.
1 m
l/min
Fl
ow ra
te c
oola
nt:
2
5 m
l/min
Ap
plie
d po
wer
:
~ 5
0 W
MW
Mic
row
ave–
Hea
ted
Mill
i–R
eact
or
62
1 35
4
7
Seco
nd G
ener
atio
n “h
igh-
g” S
yste
ms
GLS
Pro
cess
Inte
nsifi
catio
n
a gl
a s
Cg
CB
Gas
Li
quid
So
lid
Gas
Li
quid
So
lid
Ag
ggl
lgl
ss
tr
HH
Hr
Cka
ka
ka
mLk
�
��
��
��
��
�
�
�
11
Reaction rate
Cat
alys
t con
cent
ratio
n
… m
ass
tran
sfer
li
mite
d
… k
inet
ical
ly
lim
ited
Ag
ggl
lgl
ss
tr
HH
Hr
Cka
ka
ka
mLk
�
��
��
��
��
�
�
�
11
Ag
ggl
lgl
ss
tr
HH
Hr
Cka
ka
ka
mLk
�
��
��
��
��
�
�
�
11
� O
pen-
celle
d re
ticul
ated
mat
eria
l �
Uni
form
and
isot
ropi
c �
Inte
rcon
nect
ing
pore
s
� 1
0 –
100
pore
s pe
r lin
ear i
nch
(ppi
) �
Wel
l-def
ined
por
e si
zes:
0.2
5 –
5 m
m
� H
igh
void
age:
88
– 97
%
� H
igh
geom
etric
sur
face
are
a: 1
03 –
104
m2 /m
3 �
Any
sha
pe p
ossi
ble
� C
arbo
n, m
etal
, cer
amic
s, p
last
ic
� C
omm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
e
Wha
t is
a So
lid F
oam
?
Foam
geo
met
rical
ly
repr
esen
ted
by a
n so
-cal
led
inte
rlink
ed
tetr
akai
deca
hedr
a
(Fou
rie, 2
002)
20 p
pi
10 p
pi
45 p
pi
100
ppi
1 cm
Wha
t is
a H
airy
Foa
m ?
100
ppi
10 p
pi
1 cm
Por
ous
pack
ed b
ed
Inve
rse
pack
ed b
ed
Hai
ry F
oam
re
duce
d 10
0 �m
CN
i(NO
3)2=
5 g N
i/gfo
am; t
oxid
atio
n=60
min
; tde
posi
tion=
30 m
in
S7
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
Hai
ry F
oam
5 �m
10
�m
100 �m
500
o C:
smal
l thi
n fib
ers
30-9
0 nm
ca
. 3 �
m
thic
k lo
ng fi
bers
40
-160
0 nm
12
-75 �m
100 �m
10
0 �m
10
0 �m
ni
ckel
cov
ered
500
C
700
C
Exam
ples
of C
arbo
n N
ano
Fibe
rs
I-Tric
kle
III-P
ulse
II-
Bub
ble
G
L
Cou
nter
-cur
rent
flow
�
Larg
e co
ncen
tratio
n gr
adie
nts
�H
igh
gas-
liqui
d m
ass
trans
fer
�
Flow
lim
ited
by fl
oodi
ng
G
L
Co-
curr
ent u
p-flo
w
�H
igh
flow
rate
s ac
hiev
able
�
No
flood
ing
�H
igh
gas-
liqui
d m
ass
trans
fer
�In
tens
e m
ixin
g
III-P
ulse
II-
Bub
ble
Floo
ding
Poi
nts
II- B
ubbl
e
III-P
ulse
I-Tric
kle
Coc
urre
nt U
p
Cou
nter
curr
ent
Coc
urre
nt D
own
Incr
easi
ng
liqui
d ve
loci
ty
Incr
easi
ng
liqui
d ve
loci
ty
Solid
Foa
m R
eact
or: F
low
Reg
imes
Mas
s tr
ansf
er c
oeff
icie
nt
can
be r
elat
ed t
o th
e en
ergy
dis
sipa
ted
in t
he li
quid
pha
se,
calc
ulat
ed w
ith e
ither
the
fri
ctio
nal
or
tota
l pre
ssu
re d
rop
Foam
Tric
kle
bed
Mic
rore
acto
rs
Pac
ked
bed
M
onol
ith
… E
ner
gy s
avin
g
Solid
Foa
m R
eact
or: M
ass
Tran
sfer
Con
vent
iona
l Spi
nnin
g D
isc
Rea
ctor
Thi
n liq
uid
film
(��0
.30
– 0.
01 m
m)
e
.g. B
urns
et a
l., C
hem
. Eng
. Sci
. 200
3, 5
8, 2
245-
2253
Nar
row
resi
denc
e tim
e di
strib
utio
n
e.g.
Boo
dhoo
et a
l., B
HR
Gro
up C
onf.
Serie
s Pu
bl.,
19
97, 2
8, 1
25-1
33
Sur
face
wav
es in
crea
se g
as-li
quid
m
ass
tran
sfer
e.g.
Aou
ne &
Ram
shaw
, Int
. J. H
eat M
ass
Tran
sfer
,
1999
, 42,
254
3-25
56.
Hea
t tra
nsfe
r
e.g.
Woo
d et
al.,
Tra
ns. I
nst.
Che
m. E
ng.,
1973
, 51,
315
-322
68
Dis
c di
amet
er: 2
7 cm
Rot
or-s
tato
r gap
: 5 m
m
R
otat
iona
l dis
c sp
eed:
26
rad
s-1
G
as fl
ow ra
te:
7.3
10-
6 m3 s
-1
“Hig
h-g”
Spi
nnin
g D
isc
Syst
ems
69
Dis
c di
amet
er: 2
7 cm
Rot
or-s
tato
r gap
: 1 m
m
R
otat
iona
l dis
c sp
eed:
20
9 ra
d s-
1
G
as fl
ow ra
te:
7.3
10-6
m3 s
-1
5 cm
“Hig
h-g”
Spi
nnin
g D
isc
Syst
ems
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
Liqu
id fl
ow o
nly
II
I II
I
IV
35 rp
m; s
low
ed d
own
fact
or 4
10
00 rp
m; s
low
ed d
own
fact
or 1
20
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
v r
v �
Gas
bub
bles
det
ach
from
gas
inle
t due
to s
hear
: In
crea
se in
gas
-liqu
id in
terf
acia
l are
a a G
L
Hig
h ra
te o
f ren
ewal
of l
iqui
d at
bub
ble
inte
rfac
e:
Incr
ease
in m
ass
tran
sfer
coe
ffici
ent k
L
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
dis
c ro
tatio
nal s
peed
: 150
0 rp
m; g
as fl
ow ra
te: 5
00 m
l/min
mov
ies
slow
ed d
own
fact
or 1
20
1 ga
s in
let
8 ga
s in
lets
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
Li
quid
film
mas
s tr
ansf
er
�
Bub
bles
larg
er th
an ro
tor-
stat
or
dist
ance
�M
ass
tran
sfer
thro
ugh
liqui
d fil
m, c
onta
ct ti
me
dete
rmin
es
mas
s tr
ansf
er c
oeffi
cien
t:
Tur
bule
nt s
urfa
ce re
new
al
�
Bub
bles
sm
alle
r tha
n ro
tor-
stat
or d
ista
nce
�
Mas
s tr
ansf
er d
ue to
turb
ulen
t ed
dies
:
GL
b
kd�
�
112
111
163
164
11
724
424
DG
Ld
R
Rk
Eh
Vh
��
��
�
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
RD =
0.1
35 m
, h =
1 m
m
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
R
D =
0.1
35 m
�
< 7
0 ra
d s-
1
Onl
y “l
arge
” bu
bble
s
�
> 1
10 ra
d s-
1
Onl
y “s
mal
l” b
ubbl
es
Gas
-liqu
id m
ass
tran
sfer
incr
ease
s w
ith d
ecre
asin
g
ro
tor-
stat
or d
ista
nce
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
Sca
le-u
p: la
rger
dis
c?
R
D =
0.0
66 m
:
R
D =
0.1
35 m
:
Fr
om e
nerg
etic
poi
nt o
f vie
w:
Se
vera
l sm
alle
r dis
cs a
re b
ette
r
than
one
larg
er d
isc
!
31
1.1
m M
JL
GG
L
d
Lk
a E�
�
31
0.4
m M
JL
GG
L
d
Lk
a E�
�
Rot
or –
Sta
tor S
pinn
ing
Dis
c R
eact
or
Mul
tiple
Spi
nnin
g D
iscs
Rea
ctor
�D
iam
eter
dis
c 13
.2 c
m
�M
axim
um d
isc
spee
d 40
00 rp
m
�D
isc
spac
ing
0.5
– 5
mm
�
Coo
led
or h
eate
d di
scs
�D
iscs
coa
ted
with
cat
alys
t �
Co-
and
cou
nter
curr
ent o
pera
tion
Spin
ning
Dis
c Ex
trac
tor
To
tal f
low
rate
of 4
.7 1
0-6 m
³ s-1
.
Hep
tane
app
ears
whi
te, w
ater
app
ears
blu
e
Spin
ning
Dis
c Pe
rfor
man
ce
…..
the
next
min
utes
(or s
o)
� TU
Ein
dhov
en
� Fa
culte
it Sc
heik
undi
ge T
echn
olog
ie
�
Proc
este
chno
logi
e &
Rea
ctor
kund
e � …
.. a
rapi
dly
chan
ging
Wor
ld !
� D
e m
oder
ne c
hem
isch
e re
acto
r:
�
mic
rore
acto
ren
� sp
inni
ng d
isk
reac
tore
n
� D
emo
& “
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
”
Bro
n: h
ttp://
en.w
ikip
edia
.org
/wik
i/File
:Tea
_Lea
f_Pa
rado
x_St
irrin
g.og
v
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
Bro
n: A
. Ein
stei
n, N
atur
wis
sens
chaf
ten
26, (
1926
), 22
3
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
Tea
Leaf
Par
adox
Doo
r het
roer
en k
rijgt
de
thee
een
bep
aald
e ho
eksn
elhe
id. D
eze
zal m
inde
r zijn
in
de b
uurt
van
de b
odem
, om
dat d
e th
ee d
aar d
oor w
rijvi
ng a
frem
t. D
it ge
bied
hee
t de
gren
slaa
g. In
dez
e gr
ensl
aag
wor
dt d
e st
rom
ing
niet
mee
r bep
aald
doo
r de
draa
isne
lhei
d va
n de
thee
, maa
r doo
r min
iem
e dr
ukve
rsch
illen
in d
e vl
oeis
tof.
D
oor d
e ce
ntrif
ugaa
lkra
cht i
s de
dru
k gr
oter
als
we
verd
er v
an h
et m
idde
n ki
jken
. D
e dr
uk a
an d
e w
and
van
de k
op is
dus
hog
er d
an d
ie in
het
mid
den,
waa
rdoo
r een
st
rom
ing
van
de v
loei
stof
van
bui
ten
naar
bin
nen
op g
ang
kom
t, w
elke
de
thee
blaa
djes
mee
slee
pt.