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The Latin Language

amo I love

amas you love

amat he/she loves

amamus we love

amatis you love

amant they love

AMARE = to loveinsula nominative (subject)

insula you love

insulam accusative (object)

insulae genitive

insulae dative

insula ablative

INSULA = an island

•an amateur photographer(= lover of photography)•an amorous look …•I’m not enamoured of …

•an example of insular thought•I live on a peninsular. (pen = almost)•The machine is poorly insulated.

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The Latin Language – noun inflections

insula nominative (subject) Insula bella est.

insula you love O insula, te amo

insulam accusative (object) Insulam amo

insulae genitive Insulae dicit.

insulae dative Historiam insulae amo

insula ablative Puer insulae est.

INSULA = an island

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Language Sources

•The Origin of Western Languages

•some Latin sentences

•the Latin Language

•Latin proverbs

•Latin course for beginners

•Latin expressions used in English

•French words used in English

•the Anglo-Norman language

I love you.

Te amo.

Je t’aime.

Te quiero.

Ti amo.

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•Christianity has been fundamental to the history of Europe

•around time JC was born, many different sects in Roman Empire

•by 400 AD, Christianity was dominant

•Jews had long believed a Saviour would be born to lead them

•Jesus was born in Nazareth under Roman rule

•little known of early life, but in 27 AD he began preaching

•he told many parables and performed miracles of healing

•the Jewish authorites accused him of blasphemy

•the Romans under Pontius Pilate tried and crucified him

•he is believed to have come to life again after three days (the

Resurrection)

Christianity

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Jesus Christ - Preacher

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"The Last Supper" - by Leonardo da Vinci

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The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ by the Romans

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EUROPE - The adventure of discovery Emperor Constantine

• Christians were persecuted for their faith • many died cruelly in the Romans' amphitheatres • the Emperor Constantine recognized Christianity in 313 AD • he is said to have adopted the Christian symbol by painting it on his

soldiers' shields before a successful battle • thanks to him, Christianity became deeply rooted by the 5th century

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•in 500 BC, Celts were dominant European power

•they had expanded from southern Germany

•not a nation, more a conferation of tribes with shared culture

•influence stretched from Spain to Britain, Germany and Northern Italy and as far as Anatolia

•they were tribal farmers gathered around their Chiefs’ strongholds

•they were bound together by the Druids; learned priests, lawmakers, bards & sages

•Celts also had artists, musicians & metalworkers

•they traded with Rome, Greece & other countries, but were not much influenced by them

The Celts – 500 BC to 43 AD

Who wereThe Celts?

Neolithic Stones

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•each Celt was a freeman with individual rights

•Druidic justice was famous and tribal bonds strong

•chiefs were elected by tribespeople, and high-kings by the Chiefs

•both could be deposed if not doing well

•they were fierce warriors; and used iron for weapons and tools

•in 390 BC they sacked Rome & in 280 BC they raided Greece & Anatolia

•they also fought amongst themselves; the Romans exploited this when invading Gaul (France) & Britain

•the British leader (Caractarus) was betrayed by other Celts

•disunited, the Celts lost their independence in 43 to 80 AD

•they later accepted Roman rule and fought for them against Germanic barbarians

•their culture lives on in Ireland, Brittany, Cornwall and parts of Wales & Scotland (The Celts & their languages - the Breton Language)

The Celts – 500 BC to 43 AD

Who wereThe Celts?

the Huns were fearsome warriors

the complex routes of the barbariansin the early part of the first millenium

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The Celts – Boudicea

CelticPeoplesToday

• cooking & washing took place around the central fire• people slept around the inside of the wall

A Celtic roundhouse