europe renaissance – 1400’s, 1500’s rise of vatican 16 th c
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Renaissance Architecture in Europe - The Re-birth of History: Renaissance, Baroque, Rococco, Neoclassical. Europe Renaissance – 1400’s, 1500’s Rise of Vatican 16 th c. The rise of mercantilism – the middle class Renaissance born in Florence. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RenaissanceArchitecture in Europe - The Re-birth of History:
Renaissance, Baroque, Rococco, Neoclassical
Europe
Renaissance – 1400’s, 1500’s
Rise of Vatican 16th c.
The rise of mercantilism – the middle class
Renaissance born in Florence
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
First architect with a
biography
Developed vanishing-point
perspective
Rediscovers the
romanesque
More refined, more
geometric
Santa Maria del Fiore – The Duomo (Florence Cathedral)
Dome 1420-1434 (cathedral by others) - Italian-flavored gothic
Façade constructed in 19th c.
Foundling Hospital 1419
visible regularity
Circles on squares
Broken pediment, Tie rods
Santo Spirito 1436
Accentuated perspective
Basilica San Lorenzo1419
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472)10 books on Architecture c. 1450
Architecture is more than a trade – a kind of divine calling
S. Francesco, Rimini, c.1450
Modified Classicism
Santa Maria Novella Façade, c.1460
PedimentVolute transition from
nave to side aisles
Volute
S. Andrea, Mantua, c. 1470Pediment, Triumphal Arch, square façade
proportion“Giant” Order
Donato Bramante (1444-1514)
Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan 1492-1497
Tempietto, S. Pietro in Montorio, Rome 1502
(St. Peter’s martyr site)
Spolia – columns come directly from ancient ruins
Christian symbols between the triglyphs
Piazza San Marco, VenicePresent form in1400s
Campanile
St. Mark’s Basilica (Byzantine) 1063
Doge’s Palace 1324
Clock Tower 1497
Procuratie - Offices & HospiceProcuratie Vecchie 12th c.
Procuratie Nuove 1640Napoleon’s wing 1810 - neoclassical
Nuovo Napoleon Vecchie
Andrea Palladio (1508-1580)
The 4 books of architecture 1570
The villa – escape from the city
Residences have level of finish, detail and design
formerly reserved for churches
Temple of the family
Situation in the landscape
Villa BarbaroMaser, 1555
“Farmhouse” with “stables” at wings
Sundial Astrological Dial
Villa BadoerFratta Polesine, 1557
Villa FoscariLa Malcontenta
Malcontenta di Mira, 1560
Ruins
Grotto - Grotesque
Villa Capra“Villa Rotunda”
Vicenza, 1566-70
San Francesco della VignaVenice, 1564
Il RedentoreVenice, 1576-91
Palazzo ChiericatiVicenza, 1550-80
Rome and the Baroque
Theatrical, Figural composition & meaning
Lingering classicism with fluidityProlific ornament
Large frescoes, chiaroscuro, trompe-l’oeil
Carlo Rainaldi (1611-1691)Twin churches of Piazza del Popolo 1678 &
81
Classical motifs, but not throughout
Trick of perspective – one dome is elliptical
Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)Piazza S. Pietro, Rome 1656-67
Pietro da Cortona (1596-1669)S. Maria della Pace,1656
Francesco Borromini(1599-1667)
Undulating facades
San Ivo della SapienzaRome, 1642-50
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontaine (facade) Rome, 1665-76
France under the Sun King – Louis IV
The Louvre
Pierre Lescot – the Cour Caree 1546
Bernini hired & fired 1664
Reversal of stylesClaude Perrault & Louis le
Van (Neoclassical Eastfront)
1667-70
Visconti & Lefuel (2nd empire Baroque
extensions) 1852-57(I.M. Pei museum entrance
1983-89)
Andre le Notre (1613-1700)Chateau de Versailles – late 1600s
Gardens
Hall of Mirrors
Chapel
Rococco
Freeform detail, primarily at interiorOrganic – consumes classicism
Applique, not tectonic
Gabriel Germain Boffrand (1677-1754)Hotel de Soubise interiors 1736
Salon
Die Wies, Pilgrimage Church 1746-1754
Balthassar Neumann (1687-1753)Vierzehnheiligen, Pilgrimage church 1743
Neoclassical
Tends away from arches, but includes domes
Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington (1694-1753)
Chiswick House, London 1725
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841)Altes Museum, Berlin1824-30
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)Monticello,Virginia1769-1809
Jefferson saw Palladian-inspired villas in France
Thomas Walter, 1859U.S. Capitol
Cass Gilbert 1932-35U.S. Supreme Court