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Renaissance

Objectives:Define Renaissance, the Renaissance spirit of humanism, and place it in a timeline w/ the

Middle Ages.

Examining the Difference Between ErasCompare and Contrast the Middle Ages with the Renaissance

How do we know when a change in Eras/ Ages occurs?

Finding Differences

• *How do peoples’ views of the world and of themselves change?

• *What makes a time period Unique?

• Examine: – Art– Architecture – Literature

Ex: Machine Age/ Modern Era (1900 – 1950s) vs. Post-Modern Era/ Information Age (1973 – Present)

What was the Renaissance?• A cultural “rebirth” (of Greek and Roman ideas and

ideals) or flowering that took place from the (late 1300s) 1400-1500s in Italy.

• An era of creativity, change and innovation• Artists and scholars produce great works that

reflect humanist thought • An age of exploration and examination

• What makes the Renaissance Unique? (how is this era different from the Middle Ages?)

Compare Renaissance and Middle Age Art and Architecture

• Which era demonstrates more Greek and Roman techniques or motifs?

• Which era demonstrates more artistic beauty?

• Which era demonstrates more emphasis on the individual and expression?

• Which era is more secular in its themes and content?• Reflect:

Short Response

• How would you describe the 21st Century?– How do people think? – What do people value? – What do you think are the key characteristics (the

Spirit) of the 21st century?

How will people remember or era?

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Spirit of the RenaissanceWhat makes the Renaissance a Unique Historical Era?

1. Humanism2. Individuality3. Expression4. Secularism5. Aestheticism6. Interest in the Liberal arts7. Idealism8. Art9. Architecture10.Skepticism

Humanism1. Humanism – Intellectual movement essential to

the Renaissance based on the study of classical works Focus on Human values/ concerns Cultural and educational reform movement, stressed

the study of the classical cultures of Greece & Rome Emphasizes study of the humanities – grammar,

rhetoric, poetry, and history. Preserved and spread the study of Greek and Roman writers.

Individuality• Individuality: having

personal needs, goals, and wants

Different from the Middle Ages?

Lorenzo de’ Medici, ruler of Florence and patron of the arts

Albrecht Durer – German Artist

Expression• Expression: making choices to

show your individuality

Different from the Middle Ages?

Emperor Maximilian I (HRE) The Moore Family

Secularism

• Secularism: being worried about things of this world (not religion)

Different from the Middle Ages?

Ghirlandaio's Tornabuoni Chapel series on the life of Mary, executed with utmost attention to realistic detail, appears to represent domestic scenes from contemporary life of Florentine nobility, rather than a cosmic event

Aestheticism• Aestheticism: appreciation of beauty – human

and otherwiseDifferent from the Middle Ages?

Interest in the Liberal arts• Interest in the Liberal arts:

expansion of the study of grammar/language, math, science, social science, philosophy (return to examining the world)

Different from the Middle Ages?

Idealism

• Idealism: the idea that a better society is possible

Utopia, by Sir Thomas Moore

Leonardo da Vinici

Art• Art: realism (examining the world), emphasis

on life-like sculptures and paintings

"What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god!" — from William Shakespeare's Hamlet

Statue of Habacuc from the bell tower of the Duomo, Florence.

Architecture• Architecture: return to Greek and Roman inspired

designs – domes, columns, open forums, arches

Pantheon

Skepticism

2. Skepticism: Question Authority and established traditions

- Geocentric Universe? Gothic Art? Feudalism? Church traditions?

Spirit of the RenaissanceWhat makes the Renaissance a Unique Historical Era?

1. Humanism: viewed as the classical pinnacle of human thinking Cultural and educational reform movement, stressed the study of the classical cultures of

Greece & Rome Emphasizes study of the humanities – grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history. Preserved

and spread the study of Greek and Roman writers. 2. Individuality: having personal needs, goals, and wants3. Expression: making choices to show your individuality4. Secularism: being worried about things of this world (not religion)5. Aestheticism: appreciation of beauty – human and otherwise6. Interest in the Liberal arts: expansion of the study of grammar/language, math,

science, social science, philosophy (return to examining the world) 7. Idealism: the idea that a better society is possible8. Art: realism (examining the world), emphasis on life-like sculptures and paintings9. Architecture: return to Greek and Roman inspired designs – domes, columns,

open forums, arches10. Skepticism: Question Authority and established traditions

- Geocentric Universe? Gothic Art? Feudalism? Church traditions?

Warm Up #2 (Friday 9/23/11)

List at least 2 answers for each:• Why did the Renaissance

begin in Italy?• What caused it to spread to

other areas of Europe?Write in complete sentences:• Define ‘Engineering’ and

create a theory for why this term might be important for the Renaissance.

Expansion of the Renaissance into Northern Europe

Mapping the spread of Ideas:• Locate and Label: Venice, Florence, Rome; France;

England; Holy Roman Empire; Spain; Mediterranean Sea• Label– use your homework and information from

chapter 13, section 2 to label the following on your map:– Label what countries the following Renaissance thinkers were

from:• Johann Gutenberg, Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Durer, Desiderius

Erasmus, Thomas Moore, Francois Rabelasis, William Shakespeare

• Label – using the map on page 413, locate where 3 banking centers in Europe were.

• Questions:

Why did The Renaissance Start in Italy?

Italia

What conditions allowed Italy to lead the rebirth of humanism known as the

Renaissance?

• History– Home of the Roman Empire

• Italians saw Roman architecture and artwork on a daily basis• Rome was the center of European trade routes (all roads lead to Rome)

– Near the remnants of the Greek Empire, Byzantine Empire, and the contemporary Ottoman Empire• Close to cultural heritage – art, architecture, philosophy, learning, etc.• Muslims stored & traded much of the learning of the ancient world

• Location– Central Europe– Peninsular nation, with strong shipping centers (Venice, Genoa,

Naples, Sicily)– Made flow of trade (goods & ideas) into Italy easier

What conditions allowed Italy to lead the rebirth of humanism known as the Renaissance?

• Politics & economy– Italy was broken into city states, rather than large kingdoms

• Led to direct competition for trade (& later cultural advances)– Leaders could move up and down in Italian politics

• Made leaders responsive to their people’s needs• Led to constant attempts to beautify, clean, educate, & improve cities

– The Catholic Church was powerful (the Pope is also a King of the Papal States)• The Church was the wealthiest power in Europe at the time• The Church was looking for ways to demonstrate power and spend

money– Became the largest patron of the arts and education (Michelangelo, etc.)

What conditions led to the spread of the Renaissance out of Italy into Northern Europe?

1. New technology made learning affordable & more widespread– printing press & moveable type – reproduce many copies of a book– acid etching & engraving – reproduce many copies of an artwork

2. Trade brought people and their ideas across Europe

– Italy came to dominate Mediterranean trade routes, especially spice trade– Many overland routes went through Italy

3. Traveling artists, scholars, and architects– many heard of innovations and travelled south: Durer– many went out in search of rich patrons outside of Italy: da Vinci, Raimondi

4. Competitions– often city state patrons like the Medici family would send out notices for

competitions• buildings projects – cupola (Brunelleschi’s Dome)• artwork – bronze doors of the Duomo (Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise)

Warm Up

On a separate piece of lined paper in your notebook:- Pick two of the following questions to answer. Write the

question. - Answer the questions in a short paragraph (4-5 complete

sentences)

1. How do Ideas and Trends ‘move’ in today’s society?– Ex: How did pizza get so popular in America? – Ex: Why is R&B so popular in Japan?

2. What are some examples of humanism/ the Renaissance Spirit that you see your daily lives? Explain– Ex: YouTube (Expression)

3. What do you think is the Legacy of the Renaissance?• What do you think is the most important aspect/ spirit of the Renaissance?

13-2: Renaissance in the NorthThe Printing Revolution The Artists Humanists

and WritersIn 1455, Johann Gutenberg printed the first complete Bible with moveable type press

Printed books were much easier and cheaper to produce

Books became more available and popular

More people learned to read and more ideas spread throughout Europe

Jan van Eyck portrayed townspeople and religious scenes in realistic detail

Pieter Bruegel used vibrant colors to portray scenes of peasants’ daily lives

Albrecht Dürer applied painting techniques to woodcuts and engravings

Literature: Sir Thomas Moore Utopia (ideal Society) – where people live in peace and harmony (nice but not important)

Humanists stressed classical education as way to religious/moral reform

Erasmus spread humanism and called for the Bible to be printed in the vernacular

Shakespeare expressed universal themes and explored the individual

Examining art for the Spirit of the Renaissance

• What spirit or Renaissance ideals does your painting portray?

Attribute Women Men

Physical

Mental

Disposition/ attitude

The Courtier

The Courtier

Castiglione was talking about… (humanism)

When he said… (copy or summarize a quote)

Individualism / Expression

Beauty

Liberal Arts / Humanities

Secularism

The Ideal 21st Century Teenager

• What would you say to the nation of children about their education and extracurricular activities? – What sort of activities would the ideal 21st century

teenager be involved in? – What adjectives would you use to describe the

perfect 21st century teenager?

The Prince pg. 417• skills or qualities that a

good leader should have, according to Machiavelli.

Warm up Discussion1. Define what a Thesis statement is.

(Why is it important?)2. What is the purpose of an

introductory paragraph?3. List the types of writing you have

done in the past. (ie: types of essays/ writing assignments)

Warm up

1. List as many engineering projects as you remember from the movie.

2. How is the engineering you gave seen in the video so far an example of Humanism during the Renaissance?

Engineering the Renaissance

Siena’ s Bottini

• http://www.flickr.com/photos/damead/3173412452/

The Black Death

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blackdeath2.gif

Pieter Bruegel's The Triumph of Death (c. 1562)

Yersinia pestis seen at 200x magnification.

Brunelleschi

Leon Battista Alberti

Using Engineering for the Military

Pope Sixtus V and Rome

What do you think is the Legacy of the Renaissance?

• Write a thesis statement: – Thesis = Position + argument 1 + argument 2, +

argument 3.

– The legacy of the Renaissance is a, b, and c.

• Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences)

Legacy = Something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past. What the Renaissance should be remembered for producing.