europe goes offshore with wind farms hermann j. koch senior member ieee substations committee vice...

Europe goes Offshorewith Wind FarmsHermann J. KochSenior MemberIEEE Substations CommitteeVice Chairman

SiemensEnergy Sector TransmissionErlangen, Germany

April 2008 Energy Sector Transmission

Europe goes Offshore with Wind FarmsContent

I. Introduction

II. European Union Sponsored Study

III. Intermediate ResultsA. Offshore Wind FarmsB. Status of Offshore Wind Farm PlanningC. Consequences for the Network

IV. Conclusion


Europe goes Offshore with Wind FarmsIntroduction (1)

European Union (EU) gives high goals to reduce CO2 emissions.

Regenerative energies are politically and financially sponsored.

Short permission times are supported by authorities and legal entities.

Unified in diversity: Different ways and processes in European countries are established.



The latest technical developments made wind turbines more efficient and reliable.

Increase of wind turbines energy generation capability:

Electric Energy Generation [MW]

Tower Height [m]

Rotor Length [m]

< 1 30 - 40 10 - 20

1 - 3 50 - 60 30 - 40

5 - 6 90 - 100 60 - 70



Interconnecting Offshore Wind Farms

Vision of the Future


Europe Union Sponsored StudyGIL for Offshore

"Feasibility of using Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) to Connect

Offshore Wind Farms in the European North Sea for Electricity Trade"

Status of project planning Analysis of border crossing electricity trade Analysis of possibilities for network connections Load flow analysis to detect congestions Specify the offshore laying condition for GIL Ecological and public acceptance study Economical aspects


Participants at the project:

Initiator international: European Commission – DG Energy and Transport,

Trans European Energy Networks TEN-E

Initiator national: German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment

Contractor: Siemens ILF ForWind

- University Hannover

- University Oldenburg

GIL-Offshore


Europe Union Sponsored StudyIntermediate Results – Offshore Wind Farms (1)

What are the main advantages of offshore wind farms?

Much wind

No public

Not visible when far out

Much space


Europe Union Sponsored StudyIntermediate Results – Offshore Wind Farms (2)

Beatrice Field – 5 MW wind turbine under construction:

Technical Data

Electrical Power 5 MW

Tower Height 90 m

Propeller Length 70 m

Under water steel structure 60 m

Weight of Turbine Cabin > 400 t

Lifting Force at Swim Platform 1000 t


Europe Union Sponsored StudyIntermediate Results – Status of Offshore Wind Farm Planning

Authority approvement of offshore wind farm locations:

Where? The exact geographical location.

How much? The total amount and type of wind turbines and the electric power generation.

When? Time schedule, most parks have two or three stages of installation.

How to connect? To define the network connection point and how to get there.


Europe Union Sponsored StudyIntermediate Results – Status: Germany

Offshore Wind Farm Status: Germany

Time Schedule: Today until 2030

Status 2008 In Operation Permitted by Authorities

Proposed by Authorities

Total

No. 2 19 11 32

MW 9 23.762 4125 27.896


Europe Union Sponsored StudyIntermediate Results – Status: United Kingdom

Offshore Wind Farm Status: United Kingdom




Total

No. 5 8 6 19

MW 304 2440 2310 5054


Europe Union Sponsored StudyIntermediate Results – Status: The Netherlands

Offshore Wind Farm Status: The Netherlands




Total

No. 4 4 58 66

MW 138 1259 22.493 23.890

April 2008 Energy Sector Transmission1414

Collecting point 1

5962 MW

Collecting Point 2

1935.5 MW

Collecting point 3

5926 MW

Network Design 1/3

14

April 2008 Energy Sector Transmission15

Year 2011 2015 2019 2023 2027 Expected capacity Project Name MW MW MW MW MW MWGodewind (C1) 320 576 896NorthSea Wp (C1) 288 400 400 412 1500Borkum West (C1) 60 400 580 1040Borkum Riffgrund (C1) 308 438 746Borkum Riffgrund West (C1) 280 360 560 600 1800Global Tech (C3) 360 400 680 1440HWP NordSee (C3) 360 326 400 600 600 2286Bard 1 (C2&C3) 400 600 600 1600He dreiht (C2) 535,5 535,5Deutsche Bucht (C2) 400 400Austerngrund (C2) 400 400Venti Tec Nord 1 (C3) 600 600Venti Tec Nord 2 (C3) 600 600Year wise increased capacity 1696 1606 3933,5 4396 2212 13843,5Cumulative Year wise 1696 3302 7235,5 11631,5 13843,5

Year 2011 2015 2019 2023 2027 No.of GIL Route length Total lengh of GIL Collecting Point MW MW MW MW MW Kms Kms

C1 936 1256 2854 4970 5982 3 60 540C2 0 0 1535,5 1935,5 1935,5 1 116 348C3 760 2046 2846 4726 5926 3 118 1062

Total Capacity 13843,5 Total Length 1950

GILs Required 2011 2015 2019 2023 2027C1 1 1 2 3 3C2 0 0 1 1 1C3 1 1 2 3 3

Expected Wind Power Production in Nordsea year wise

Year wise total Power Production at Collecting points

No. of GILs Required to install year wise

Network Design 2/3

15


Europe Union Sponsored StudyConsequences for the Network (1)

Transmission Network

The existing power transmission network in EU does not fit.

Very high energy generation at places where the load is low.

Several 100 km from offshore to load centers.

High capacity transmission technology (AC and DC) with low

transmission losses required.

Underground solution required at places whith public opposition.

Large investments in wind farms and in transmission network.

Many Power Engineers required!


Europe Union Sponsored StudyConsequences for the Network (2)

Fluctuating Energy Generation

Wind energy is fluctuating.

Reliable wind forecast for power generation planning.

Energy storage for surplus; hydro storage and gas pressure in

mines are under investigation.


Europe Union Sponsored StudyConclusion (1)

Offshore wind farms are under fast development

A large quantity of wind turbines in many wind farm projects are

under planning and project execution

First large scale wind turbines of 5 – 6 MW are in operation and

construction

High improvements of efficiency and reliability of wind turbines are

boosting this technology


Europe Union Sponsored StudyConclusion (2)

In Substations

- a complete new transmission structure offshore

and on land is needed to solve the challenges

coming from offshore wind farms in the next future

europe goes offshore with wind farms hermann j. koch senior member ieee substations committee vice...

Documents

offshore wind farmsb

wind farmsintroduction

connectoffshore wind

type of wind turbines

mw wind turbine

offshorewith wind farmshermann

trans european energy

offshore laying condition