BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1997-1:2004

Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design

Part 1: General rules

The European Standard EN 1997-1:2004 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 91.120.20

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BS EN 1997-1:2004

This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 December 2004

BSI 22 December 2004

ISBN 0 580 45212 3

National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1997-1:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 1997-1:1995 which is withdrawn.

The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium, this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period.

Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration period during which the National annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocodes.

At the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn.

In the UK, the corresponding national standards are:

BS 6031:1981, Code of practice for earthworks; BS 8004:1986, Code of practice for foundations; BS 8081:1989, Code of practice for ground anchorages; BS 8002:1994, Code of practice for earth retaining structures; BS 8006:1995, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other fills; BS 8008:1996, Safety precautions and procedures for the construction and descent of machine-bored shafts for piling and other purposes; BS 5930:1999, Code of practice for site investigations;

and based on this transition period, these standards will be withdrawn on a date to be announced.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, which has the responsibility to:

aid enquirers to understand the text;

present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

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BS EN 1997-1:2004

i

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.

To enable EN 1997-1 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place.

Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Search facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 167 and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

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ii blankCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN Licensee=Politecnico Milano/5935522004

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPENNE

EUROPISCHE NORM

EN 1997-1

November 2004

ICS 91.120.20 Supersedes ENV 1997-1:1994

English version

Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules

Eurocode 7: Calcul gotechnique - Partie 1: Rgles gnrales

Eurocode 7: Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T E U R O P E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N E U R O P I S C H E S K O M I T E E F R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 1997-1:2004: E

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EN -7991:1( 4002E)

Contents

Foreword................................................................................................................................. 5

Section 1 General ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Scope.............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Assumptions.................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules..................................................... 11 1.5 Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.6 Symbols ........................................................................................................................ 13

Section 2 Basis of geotechnical design ........................................................................... 19 2.1 Design requirements ..................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Design situations ........................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Durability....................................................................................................................... 22 2.4 Geotechnical design by calculation................................................................................ 23 2.5 Design by prescriptive measures ................................................................................... 35 2.6 Load tests and tests on experimental models................................................................. 36 2.7 Observational method ................................................................................................... 36 2.8 Geotechnical Design Report ...................................................