A viewpoint on the place of CALL within the Digital Humanities:

considering CALL journals, research data and the sharing of research

resultsThierry Chanier, Université Blaise PascalThierry Chanier, Université Blaise Pascal

Eurocall 2013, University of Évora , Portugal, 11-14 September, 2013

Download slides and all videos for this talk: link on http://mulce.org, main editorial article,

Version 15th September 2013

Portugal & Clermont-FerrandPortugal & Clermont-Ferrand

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Recent but strong relationships

Portugal and Clermont-Ferrand:Cultures and languages between the past and the future(3mn video)

Connecting CALL with other Connecting CALL with other disciplines / research fieldsdisciplines / research fields

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Current situation

Are we connected?

SLA SLALinguistics

SLA

Education /CAL

CALL

Digital Humanities

OverviewOverview

44

JOURNALS AND MULTILINGUAL JOURNALS AND MULTILINGUAL ISSUES WITHIN THE CALL ISSUES WITHIN THE CALL COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

55

1 2 3 4

Survey on CALL journals and Survey on CALL journals and research dataresearch data

Please participate in the online Please participate in the online surveysurvey

The survey is anonymous. I will The survey is anonymous. I will publish the results on the publish the results on the EUROCALL mailing list at the end EUROCALL mailing list at the end of September. of September.

Find the survey:Find the survey:– Link in the main editorial article on : Link in the main editorial article on :

http://mulce.org http://mulce.org – Questions 1 to 5Questions 1 to 5 66

History of ReCALLHistory of ReCALL

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Find the survey : http://Mulce.org

History of ReCALLHistory of ReCALL

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June Thompson- there from the very beginning

1989 1995? 2003?

Ana Gimeno (ed)

History of ReCALLHistory of ReCALL

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1995? 2003?

Does Eurocall support multi-Does Eurocall support multi-languages?languages?

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Communications in languages other than English during Eurocall conferences(hard to be exhaustive, websites disappeared)

France Spain France France

Publications not in Englishafter Eurocall conferences

WorldCALL and multi-languagesWorldCALL and multi-languages

1111

Sum of papers, posters, courseware.

- When tandems involving ELT, count 1 for ELT and 1 for others- More than half of Unknown from Asia (English as L2)

Target languages in WorldCALL13, v1

Target languages in WorldCALL13, v2

Half of « unknown » counted as ELT.

Unpleasant situations for Unpleasant situations for (Euro)CALL(Euro)CALL

Nothing against English Nothing against English (cf. my position (cf. my position on French-FLE) (ReCALL accepts submissions on French-FLE) (ReCALL accepts submissions in other languages)in other languages)

Language is culture and politicsLanguage is culture and politics The humanities generally a multilingual The humanities generally a multilingual

domain: cf. pedagogy ≠ didactique ≠ domain: cf. pedagogy ≠ didactique ≠ didaktikdidaktik

Can we be trusted by learners when we Can we be trusted by learners when we assert that other languages are used assert that other languages are used for academic / scientific purposes?for academic / scientific purposes?

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What can we do?What can we do?

Raise awareness through Raise awareness through conferences: conferences: – Specify language taught when Specify language taught when

submittingsubmitting– Conference organizers build statisticsConference organizers build statistics– Organize national events during Organize national events during

conferences (cf. Portugal this year, conferences (cf. Portugal this year, Spain, Belgium, France,…) and Spain, Belgium, France,…) and encourage com. in vernacular languageencourage com. in vernacular language

Publish in several languages (cf. Publish in several languages (cf. telecollaboration projects)telecollaboration projects)

Develop international CALL journals Develop international CALL journals in other languagesin other languages

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After Eurocall99 (Besançon) publications in ReCALL and in Alsic

After Eurocall2010 (Bordeaux)publications in ReCALL and in another journal

Develop international CALL Develop international CALL journalsjournals

Exemples from other Exemples from other disciplinesdisciplines

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European publishing structures existEuropean publishing structures exist

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European publishing structures existEuropean publishing structures exist

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European publishing structures existEuropean publishing structures exist

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International CALL journal in Spanish & Portuguese (only one for

America and Europe)?

ORGANIZE AND PUBLISH ORGANIZE AND PUBLISH RESEARCH DATARESEARCH DATA

Enhance research quality in CALLEnhance research quality in CALL

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1 2 3 4

Different coverage for dataDifferent coverage for data

2020

Corpora,see next section

We start here

Warning: in this presentation, we only consider data produced by CALL research, not data coming from other fields and used by CALL (cf. mixed situation in Corpus CALL)

Current situation in CALL (and Current situation in CALL (and many, but not all, fields in many, but not all, fields in

Humanities)Humanities)

Some (not all) of our papers are Some (not all) of our papers are based on research databased on research data

These data (empty forms, forms These data (empty forms, forms filled, spreadsheets, transcriptions, filled, spreadsheets, transcriptions, language data and their language data and their computation, audio, video, etc.) are computation, audio, video, etc.) are not accessible to reviewers, nor to not accessible to reviewers, nor to the readers once papers are the readers once papers are publishedpublished

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What other disciplines sayWhat other disciplines say

““Replication data sets Replication data sets include the original data include the original data and any other information needed to and any other information needed to reproduce the numerical results in a reproduce the numerical results in a published work.published work.

[…] making publicly available a replication data […] making publicly available a replication data set for each of their empirical articles or set for each of their empirical articles or books.books.

Citation credit should be apportioned both for Citation credit should be apportioned both for the original article and separately for the the original article and separately for the data.“data.“

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Gary King (2007). "An Introduction to the Dataverse Network as an Infrastructure for Data Sharing," Sociological Methods and Research, Vol. 32, No. 2

What Europe saysWhat Europe says

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COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 17.7.2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information : http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/recommendation-access-and-preservation-scientific-information_en.pdf

Data publication for CALL Data publication for CALL journals: proposal for a joint journals: proposal for a joint

projectproject

25th July 201325th July 2013

Contents of the proposalContents of the proposal

Reviewers will access data when reading Reviewers will access data when reading the paper (strengthen the review the paper (strengthen the review process)process)

Once the paper is accepted, data are Once the paper is accepted, data are publishedpublished

The reader (researcher) can access these The reader (researcher) can access these data in order to replicate, join them to data in order to replicate, join them to her/his own data, etc.), cf. Opendataher/his own data, etc.), cf. Opendata

The author is the great winner! Two The author is the great winner! Two references to her/his work: data will have references to her/his work: data will have an individual reference (but linked to) the an individual reference (but linked to) the paper’s referencepaper’s reference 2525

Link between publication & Link between publication & data: example from earth data: example from earth

sciencessciences

Arason, P et al. (2011): Plume-top altitude time-series Arason, P et al. (2011): Plume-top altitude time-series during 2010 volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallaj??l. Icelandic during 2010 volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallaj??l. Icelandic Meteorological Meteorological Office, Reykjavik, Office, Reykjavik, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.76069doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.760690,0,Supplement to: Supplement to: Arason, Pordur; Petersen, G N; Bjornsson, H Arason, Pordur; Petersen, G N; Bjornsson, H (2011): Observations of the altitude of the volcanic plume (2011): Observations of the altitude of the volcanic plume during the eruption of Eyjafjallajl, April-May 2010. during the eruption of Eyjafjallajl, April-May 2010. Earth Earth System Science DataSystem Science Data, 3, 9-17, , 3, 9-17, doi:10.5194/essd-3-9-2011doi:10.5194/essd-3-9-2011

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Journal site

Data site

WHAT WE STARTED TO DO WHAT WE STARTED TO DO IN FRANCEIN FRANCE

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Datapublication (French Datapublication (French project)project)

With the help of TGE-Adonis (national With the help of TGE-Adonis (national infrastructure for humanities)infrastructure for humanities)– Now part of Huma-NumNow part of Huma-Num

For Alsic and Sticef journals (as a starting For Alsic and Sticef journals (as a starting point)point)

Every journal has its entries, have an internal Every journal has its entries, have an internal review process (cf. OJS) for datareview process (cf. OJS) for data

Reviewers can look at data when reading the Reviewers can look at data when reading the paper (data are not open at this stage)paper (data are not open at this stage)

When the paper is accepted data are publishedWhen the paper is accepted data are published

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http://datapublication.tge-adonis.fr

An exempleAn exemple

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http://datapublication.tge-adonis.fr/data/d-001-102

http://sticef.univ-lemans.fr/num/vol2012/05-guichon/sticef_2012_guichon_05.htm

IRIS IS NOT THE PROJECT IRIS IS NOT THE PROJECT WE ARE LOOKING ATWE ARE LOOKING AT

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3131

http://www.iris-database.org

Why not IRIS?Why not IRIS?

Iris is an interesting OpenData project with links to Iris is an interesting OpenData project with links to journals from UK and USA universities, sponsored by UK, journals from UK and USA universities, sponsored by UK, but …but …

Data are not part of the review processData are not part of the review process Once a paper is accepted authors do as they pleased, Once a paper is accepted authors do as they pleased,

e.g: some put the form of a questionnaire, not the data e.g: some put the form of a questionnaire, not the data collected (answers), nor the computation (spreadsheet)collected (answers), nor the computation (spreadsheet)

Metadata are not standard (just for search on the site, Metadata are not standard (just for search on the site, like Merlot) like Merlot)

They are local and cannot be harvestedThey are local and cannot be harvested No reference to the data (cf. DataCite) , no permalinkNo reference to the data (cf. DataCite) , no permalink No crosslink between data and publication (which would No crosslink between data and publication (which would

not make sense because data are not exhaustive) and not make sense because data are not exhaustive) and have not been part of the evaluation processhave not been part of the evaluation process

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CALL Datapublication projectCALL Datapublication project

Make a common proposal at the European Union level Make a common proposal at the European Union level (Research agency) via DARIAH(Research agency) via DARIAH

Get logistical and official scientific support in order to design Get logistical and official scientific support in order to design and open a website site (Datapublication) and open a website site (Datapublication)

Where our 5 journals will have separate access for their Where our 5 journals will have separate access for their editorial board in order to manage distinct review processeditorial board in order to manage distinct review process

Manage a joint design for the workflow of the review processManage a joint design for the workflow of the review process Metadata format will be standard, permalink given, full Metadata format will be standard, permalink given, full

reference with link and full reference of papersreference with link and full reference of papers When the web site is open, for every journal author’s When the web site is open, for every journal author’s

guidelines need to be changed (when authors submit papers guidelines need to be changed (when authors submit papers which rely on data) and links be implemented in order to which rely on data) and links be implemented in order to point from the journal to the data sitepoint from the journal to the data site

Then the Datapublication website may be open for other Then the Datapublication website may be open for other journals in humanities (best to get EU support) whether they journals in humanities (best to get EU support) whether they are based in or out of EUare based in or out of EU 3333

DATA & PROJECT(S), DATA & PROJECT(S), LETEC CORPORALETEC CORPORA

With extracts from Wigham & Chanier (2013)With extracts from Wigham & Chanier (2013)

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1 2 3 4

First corpora in CALL : learner First corpora in CALL : learner corporacorpora

Building corpora : collecting Building corpora : collecting learners’production (essais), learners’production (essais), structuring, annotating, processingstructuring, annotating, processing

Using corporaUsing corpora– To enhance learning (DDL: data driven To enhance learning (DDL: data driven

learning) under some circonstanceslearning) under some circonstances– To enhance researchTo enhance research

Thinking about : Eurocall SIG, Thinking about : Eurocall SIG, conferences, special issues, etc.conferences, special issues, etc.

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New type of corporaNew type of corpora

LEarning and TEaching Corpora LEarning and TEaching Corpora (LETEC) ((LETEC) (corpus d’apprentissagecorpus d’apprentissage))

data-sharing and repository for data-sharing and repository for research on multimodal research on multimodal interactionsinteractions

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37

Simuligne (2001)

UK-FR

fre

Copéas (2005)

eng

UK-FR

Tridem(2005-06)

UK-FR-USA

eng, fre

Ecofralin (2008)

CO-FR

fre,spa

VMT-teamC (2006)

math

UK-USA-SG

INFRAL (2009)

deu,fra

DE-FR

FR

FAVI (2006-08)

fra

ARCHI21 (2011)

eng,fra

FR

SLIC (2013)

USA-FR

fra

Data validity & reliability in CALL research?• Questions related to validity and reliability• Problems in Humanities, Social Sciences and CALL:

▫ Visibility, accessibility of research data▫ Data representative / anecdotal?▫ Publication (already mentionned)

• CALL data is often:▫ not contextualised – pedagogical & technological

situations (Kern et al., 2004)

▫ tangled in specific software using proprietary formats• Replication for interaction analysis in online learning near

impossible:▫ variables that are difficult to control▫ replication does not imply that phenomenon previously

observed will reoccur (Reffay et al., 2012)

38

Research data quality: Mulce project•Interoperability:

▫Structured and coherent data sets=> analyses can be completed by researchers

who did not participate in the course•Sustainability:

▫Independent from online platforms▫Stored in independent formalisms

•Open access to research data & appropriate licences

•Accessibility: ▫Finding the research data thanks to

harvesting protocols based on standard metadata – OLAC (Open Language Archives Community)

39

LETEC Components

Instantiation

Pedagogical scenario

Research protocol

Analyses

40

"A LETEC corpus collects in a systematic and structured way all the data from interactions which occur during a course which is partially or entirely online. These data are enriched by technical, pedagogical and scientific information as well as information about the participants and are organized to allow contextualized analyses to be performed.“ (Mulce-documentation, 2013)

Public licence

Privatelicence

ethics &

rights

Building a LETEC

stages=

Data analyses

41

42

Illustration of methodology-• European project KA2 Languages

• CLIL approach (Content and Language Integrated Learning)

▫Architecture + French / English L2• Hybrid course "Building Fragile Spaces" : 5-day

studio Feb. 2011

• 17 students, 2 architecture tutors, 1 EFL tutor, 1 FFL tutor

Working with external partners: exchanges

43

Elaboration of research areas•Interplay between verbal and non verbal

modes•Role of nonverbal in identity construction•Interplay between textchat & voicechat

modalities

Support for L2 verbal participation and

production

Wigham (2012) – PhD Thesis http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762382

Stage 1: Design 44

Pedagogical Design

• Macro-task– collaboratively elaborate a model in a synthetic world (Second Life) as a response to an architectural problem brief

• Architectural studio, hybrid CLIL approach• 4 workgroups

Stage 1: Design

Learning design

Online environments

Participants’roles

Learning & support activities

45

Research protocol•Research protocol design

▫Protocol for data collection▫Researchers' roles▫Timetable of research activities

Stage 1: Design

researcher

46

Wigham & Chanier, 2013 ReCALL

47

Data collection & coverage for Archi21

Data collected

Pre-questionnaires

Session data Post questionnaire

s

Semi-directive

interviewsEnviron

mentKwiksurveys Second Life VoiceForu

mKwiksurveys Skype

Data type

Spreadsheet file

Video screen captures

Audio recordings

Spreadsheet file

Audio recordings

Quantity &

coverage of data

17 student questionnair

es

20 group sessions & 2 presentation

sessions19h40m

64 forum messages

16 student questionnaire

s

5 student interviews

2h30

pre-course post-courseduring course

Stage 2: Data collection

48

49

Primary data (anonymised)

Each resources has an ID and a description given

LETEC global corpus: IMS content packaging

Manifest : structured dataStructured Interaction Data Model (Mce_sid, 2011)XML Information about each component of the corpus

Stage 3: Data organisation

50

Corpus deposit•Mulce corpus repository :

http://repository.mulce.org

Stage 3: Data organisation

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Corpus diffusion• Description of corpus; interface to browse

structure; zip file to download

Stage 3: Data organisation

52

53

verbal mode non verbal mode

audio textchat

proxemic transmission

radio transmission

public private

not detailed here, see Wigham & Chanier, (2013)

ReCALL 25(1)

Multimodal data transcriptionStage 4: Data transcription & diffusion

54

Saddour, I., Wigham, C., Chanier, T. Manuel de transcription.(2011) - http://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00676230

Production & deposit of LETEC distinguished corpus

•Particular analysis of a selected part of the global LETEC corpusChanier, T. Saddour, I. & Wigham, C.R. (2012). (dir.) Distinguished Corpus: Transcription of Verbal and Nonverbal Interactions of the Second Life Reflection archi21-slrefl-av-j2. Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [oai : mulce.org:mce-archi21-slrefl-av-j2 ; http://repository.mulce.org]

•Only contains transformed data (=the transcriptions)

•Refers to a selection of the original data in global corpus (=videos)

•Software used for transcription cited (=ELAN)

Stage 4: Data transcription & diffusion

55

Simple conversions from LETEC to analysis Simple conversions from LETEC to analysis toolstools

5656

LETEC structure(format Mulce-struct)

LETEC(format Tatiana)

Conversions

Analysis

Type 2Type 2

Partager analyses avec outils Partager analyses avec outils associésassociés

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Chanier, T. & Ciekanski, M. (2009). (editors). Corpus distinguable Copeas T5 contexte. Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [ oai:mulce.org:mce-copeas-T5_contexte-all ; http://repository.mulce.org ]

Type 2Type 2

Partager analyses avec outils Partager analyses avec outils associésassociés

5858

Chanier, T. & Ciekanski, M. (2009). (editors). Corpus distinguable Copeas T5 contexte. Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [ oai:mulce.org:mce-copeas-T5_contexte-all ; http://repository.mulce.org ]

Various interpretations on data :- (Ciekanski & Chanier, 2007) Context (Goodwin & Duranti, 1992 )

“imagine that the tutor led his tutorial via postings in the text-chat while students talked about other topics in the audio channel. It is unlikely that the group would accept such a position for the tutor, and we draw from multimodal social semiotics to help explain why. “

- (Lamy, 2012) Social semiotics (Kress & Leeuwen, 2001)

What providing access to data What providing access to data meansmeans

Go in depth into discussions about models, Go in depth into discussions about models, what they explainedwhat they explained

Carefully compare previous and new situationsCarefully compare previous and new situations Limit research cycles which may not be so Limit research cycles which may not be so

interesting:interesting:– Re-inventing the wheel: new techno. environments, Re-inventing the wheel: new techno. environments,

new affordances, but…new affordances, but…– Back to the endless comparison with F2F, with the Back to the endless comparison with F2F, with the

standpoint that when online you loose things (cf. standpoint that when online you loose things (cf. current papers on webcams, presence, anxiety, etc.)current papers on webcams, presence, anxiety, etc.)

– Could we at last reason on new possibilities to discuss Could we at last reason on new possibilities to discuss and learn in L2 online?and learn in L2 online?

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(De Los Arcos, Coleman, Hampel, 2009)

ANOTHER LIFE FOR LETEC ANOTHER LIFE FOR LETEC DATA DATA (AFTER REUSE FOR CALL (AFTER REUSE FOR CALL RESEARCH)RESEARCH)

Reference corpus & Pedagogical coporaReference corpus & Pedagogical copora

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1 2 3 4

CORPORA WHICH MAY CORPORA WHICH MAY INCLUDE CALL CMC INCLUDE CALL CMC (COMPUTER (COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION)MEDIATED COMMUNICATION)

Linguistic perspective: reference corpusLinguistic perspective: reference corpus

6161

Reference corpora of different Reference corpora of different languageslanguages

Corpus in German, DWDSCorpus in German, DWDSDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache,

Corpus in Flemish / Dutch, SoNaR Corpus in Flemish / Dutch, SoNaR SSTEVIN TEVIN NNederlandstalig ederlandstalig RReferentiecorpuseferentiecorpus

Corpus in French (in progress)Corpus in French (in progress) Common aims:Common aims:

– Billions of tokens, 500 M structured Billions of tokens, 500 M structured & annotated (POS), access for & annotated (POS), access for linguistic researchlinguistic research

– Extension to Internet communicationExtension to Internet communication6262

http://www.dwds.de/

CMC macro and CMC macro and micro micro

structuresstructures

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Multimodality and CMC ?Multimodality and CMC ?

6464

The element <posting> is the basic CMC-specific element in our schema. In CMC documents it represents the largest structural unit that can be assigned to one author and one point in time. The category posting is defined as a content unit that has been sent to the server “en bloc”.

TEI and CMC, (Beißwenger et al., 2012)

(Chanier, Saddour & Wigham, 2012) LETEC corpus

Modality interplay1.5 mn video

* Paper: (Wigham & Chanier, 2013) CALL journal* Data: (Chanier, Saddour & Wigham, 2012) LETEC corpus

6666

Salut s que

<NOM_4> c dcd à

ht 1 dvd pr sa

cop

ki e pa la 2main?

CoMeRe.org: CMC corpus in FrenchCoMeRe.org: CMC corpus in French

SMS / textsTweetsBlogsForumsText chatEtc.

CoMeRe: Communication Médiée par les Réseaux)

PEDAGOGICAL CORPORAPEDAGOGICAL CORPORAExample from sports scienceExample from sports science

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1 2 3 4

Training the pre-service teacher in Training the pre-service teacher in sport sport

Step1: course on building a lessonStep1: course on building a lesson Step2: personal live experience in a Step2: personal live experience in a

school ; record interaction (video) ; school ; record interaction (video) ; reflexion (document)reflexion (document)

Step3: back at university: share Step3: back at university: share experience and reflection (experience and reflection (process not process not deep enoughdeep enough))

Step4 : teacher uses selected data Step4 : teacher uses selected data from previous research for cross from previous research for cross confrontationconfrontation

6868(Researcher in physical activity: N. Gal-Petitfaux, Université Blaise Pascal)

PEDAGOGICAL CORPORA PEDAGOGICAL CORPORA CREATED OUT OF LETEC CREATED OUT OF LETEC CORPORACORPORA

Authors : Ciara Wigham, Thierry ChanierAuthors : Ciara Wigham, Thierry Chanier

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1 2 3 4

Starting from a distinguished Starting from a distinguished corpuscorpus

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Lewis, T. (2006) When Teaching is Learning: A Personal Account of Learning to Teach Online. CALICO, Vol 23, No. 3, May 2006.pp 581-600 http://calico.org/html/article_110.pdf

Starting from a distinguished Starting from a distinguished corpuscorpus

7171

Lead-in documentLead-in document

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5 mn video

7373Wigham, C.R. & Chanier, T. (2013) Pedagogical corpus: Reflective Teaching Journals. Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [oai : mulce.org:mce-peda-rtjournals ; http://repository.mulce.org]

7474Wigham, C.R. & Chanier, T. (2013) Pedagogical corpus: Reflective Teaching Journals. Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [oai : mulce.org:mce-peda-rtjournals ; http://repository.mulce.org]

OPEN ACCESS TO OPEN ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS & DATAPUBLICATIONS & DATA

OpenDataOpenData

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1 2 3 4

Survey on CALL journals and research data :- Link in the main editorial article on : http://mulce.org - Questions 10 to 17

Enclosing the Commons of the Enclosing the Commons of the MindMind

I seriously doubt that we would create I seriously doubt that we would create the Web today—at least if policy the Web today—at least if policy makers and market incumbents makers and market incumbents understood what the technology might understood what the technology might become early enough become early enough to stop it. (p.278)to stop it. (p.278)

Almost everything on Almost everything on the Internet is the Internet is copyrighted, even if its creators do not know copyrighted, even if its creators do not know that and would prefer it to be in the public that and would prefer it to be in the public domain. (p. 26)domain. (p. 26)

(Boyle, J.2008, (Boyle, J.2008, The Public Domain: Enclosing the The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind) Commons of the Mind) Boyle is one of the Boyle is one of the creators of the Creative Common – CC projectcreators of the Creative Common – CC project 7676

FREE AND IMMEDIATE FREE AND IMMEDIATE ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS (ONCE ACCEPTED BY REVIEWERS)(ONCE ACCEPTED BY REVIEWERS)

Open archivesOpen archives

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1 2 3 4

Chanier, T. "Commentary: Open Access to Research and the Individual Responsibility of Researchers". Language Learning & Technology, vol. 11, 2 (2007).

Guidelines for researchers (EU Guidelines for researchers (EU level)level)

“The Commission proposes to make open access to scientific publications a general principle of Horizon 2020, building on the already existing activities in FP7 (e.g. eligibility of open access publishing costs, embargo for 'Green' open access of six to twelve months).

7878

http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/background-paper-open-access-october-2012_en.pdf

7979

Insitutional repository

National repository

OPEN ACCESS TO OPEN ACCESS TO RESEARCH DATARESEARCH DATA

OpenDataOpenData

8080

OER : Open Educational Ressources are important, but not considered here

1 2 3 4

OpendataOpendata

Term which is starting to be widely Term which is starting to be widely used with different aims in mind, used with different aims in mind, among other things:among other things:– 1) Academic world: share research results1) Academic world: share research results– 2) Government and public institutions: 2) Government and public institutions:

open their data to the publicopen their data to the public Here we mainly consider the 1Here we mainly consider the 1stst

perspectiveperspective

8181

Opendata def Opendata def

“Open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike." OpenDefinition.org

8282

Opendata criteria Opendata criteria

“Availability and Access: the data must be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably by downloading over the internet. The data must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form.

Reuse and Redistribution: the data must be provided under terms that permit reuse and redistribution including the intermixing with other datasets. The data must be machine-readable.

Universal Participation: everyone must be able to use, reuse and redistribute – there should be no discrimination against fields of endeavor or against persons or groups. For example, ‘non-commercial’ restrictions that would prevent ‘commercial’ use, or restrictions of use for certain purposes (e.g. only in education), are not allowed. “OpenDefinition.org

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Why should we use licences?Why should we use licences?

“In most jurisdictions there are intellectual property rights in data that prevent third-parties from using, reusing and redistributing data without explicit permission. Even in places where the existence of rights is uncertain, it is important to apply a license simply for the sake of clarity. Thus, if you are planning to make your data available you should put a license on it — and if you want your data to be open this is even more important.” OpenDefinition.org

8484

Example of licences on learner corpora: Example of licences on learner corpora: ICLEICLE

No access given on the website, No access given on the website, except « pay to look at »except « pay to look at »

Nothing about reuse, mixing, etc. Nothing about reuse, mixing, etc. 8585

Example of licences on learner corpora: Example of licences on learner corpora: ELFAELFA

Open access, but for personal use (hence not for research)Open access, but for personal use (hence not for research) Important restriction (NC), where are the sound files?Important restriction (NC), where are the sound files?

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https://elomake.helsinki.fi/lomakkeet/43518/lomake.html

Open access, ethics and licenceOpen access, ethics and licence

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For usage:licence

For participants:Informed consent form+Anonymization process

Open Data:http://opendefinition.org/guide/

Note : Incoherence between licences on our sites: changes are not yet achieved

Usual CC (open but not necessarily Usual CC (open but not necessarily compliant with OpenData)compliant with OpenData)

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2 licences on data fully compliant 2 licences on data fully compliant with OpenDatawith OpenData

CC0 : As creators, I may have had CC0 : As creators, I may have had some rights (rights on models, some rights (rights on models, rights on data, etc.) on the work rights on data, etc.) on the work and I waive them (permanent , and I waive them (permanent , irrevocable)irrevocable)

PPDL : I do not even mention the PPDL : I do not even mention the fact that I may have had rights fact that I may have had rights over somethingover something

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What will happen if the attribution What will happen if the attribution licence is not there anymore?licence is not there anymore?

I may not be cited?I may not be cited?

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No confusion between No confusion between attribution(IPR) attribution(IPR)

and citation-referencesand citation-references We give users the way to refer to our work We give users the way to refer to our work

((metadata : OLAC – bibliographicCitationmetadata : OLAC – bibliographicCitation) and ) and will use this in our list of publication & works. will use this in our list of publication & works. For exemple:For exemple:

1) creator of the corpus1) creator of the corpus– Wigham, C.R. (2013). Wigham, C.R. (2013). Distinguished Corpus: Interplay Distinguished Corpus: Interplay

between textchat and audio modalities during the Second between textchat and audio modalities during the Second Life Reflective SessionsLife Reflective Sessions. Mulce.org : Clermont Université. . Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [oai : mulce.org:mce-archi21-modality-textchat ; [oai : mulce.org:mce-archi21-modality-textchat ; http://repository.mulce.org] http://repository.mulce.org]

2) creator and editor2) creator and editor– Stahl, Gerry ; Weimar, Steve ; Shumar, Wes (2009). Stahl, Gerry ; Weimar, Steve ; Shumar, Wes (2009). LETEC LETEC

Corpus Virtual Math TeamCorpus Virtual Math Team. Reffay, C. (editor). Mulce.org : . Reffay, C. (editor). Mulce.org : Clermont Université. [oai : mulce.org:mce-vmt-letec-teamc ; Clermont Université. [oai : mulce.org:mce-vmt-letec-teamc ; http://repository.mulce.org]] 9191

RecommendationRecommendationss

ActionsActions– Open our data (provided that ethics is OK – Open our data (provided that ethics is OK –

anonymisation)anonymisation)– Choose licences with the fewest restrictionsChoose licences with the fewest restrictions– Cite others and your data as bibliographic referencesCite others and your data as bibliographic references– List them in your workList them in your work

ImplicationsImplications– Acknowledgement will come (from institutions, other Acknowledgement will come (from institutions, other

colleagues)colleagues)– CALL research will progress (re-analysis, coverage CALL research will progress (re-analysis, coverage

extended with mixing)extended with mixing)– CALL data will be reused by other fieldsCALL data will be reused by other fields

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Open our data!

OpenData

Open

Data

If we want to be connected toDigital Humanities

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!Thierry.chanier at univ-bpclermont.frThierry.chanier at univ-bpclermont.frhttp://lrl.univ-bpclermont.fr/spip.php?rubrique98

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