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mscoCDMX Workshop September 2016
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 1
Euro VI
• Regulation• Emissions in real driving conditions• Euro VI engine system technologies• Maintenance
Meinrad SignerConsultant, Switzerland
Swiss government contractor
mscoEuro IV – VI requirements
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 2
mscoEmission compliance
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 3
mscoEuro VI test procedures
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 4
Cold test soak
Weighting factor
14% 86%
1. Test1. Test 2. Test2. Test
10 min
Cold test soak
Weighting factor
14% 86%
1. Test1. Test 2. Test2. Test
10 min
WNTE - C13 560 PS
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
n [rpm]
M [
Nm
]
1/3
1/3
1/3 1
2
3
4
5
6
Grid-cells
70% rated power
30% max torque30% max power
30% cumulated frequency
in WHTC
7
8
9
1/3
WNTE - C13 560 PS
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
n [rpm]
M [
Nm
]
1/3
1/3
1/3 1
2
3
4
5
6
Grid-cells
70% rated power
30% max torque30% max power
30% cumulated frequency
in WHTC
7
8
9
1/3
Test:
5 random points
Cell A
5 random points
Cell B
5 random points
Cell C
Average NOx Average NOx Average NOx
Average PM
Cell A, B and C random selected
Stepped cycle
5 random points
Cell A
5 random points
Cell B
5 random points
Cell C
Average NOx Average NOx Average NOx
Average PM
Cell A, B and C random selected
Stepped cycle
Emissions are integrated (measurement of concentration and exhaust flow g emissions
Emissions are integrated (measurement of concentration and exhaust flow g emissions
Emissions are integrated (measurement of concentration and exhaust flow g emissions
Drive the vehicle until a certain work is accumulated, for example same work as in WHTC work wondow (kWh)
Drive the vehicle until a certain work is accumulated, for example same work as in WHTC work wondow (kWh)
Drive the vehicle until a certain work is accumulated, for example same work as in ETC work wondow (kWh)
Drive the vehicle until a certain work is accumulated, for example same work as in WHTC work window (kWh)
Moving window
Emissions are integrated (measurement of concentration and exhaust flow g emissions
Sp
ec
ific
em
iss
ion
s i
n g
/kW
h
CF
= m
ea
sure
d e
mis
sio
ns
/ l
imit
CF
Every sample (second by second) is checked for power and integrated over the work-window, work-windows where the average power is <20% of max power will be discarded
90% of measured values must be within limits
WHTC NTE
ISC-PEMS
mscoIn service conformity ISC PEMS
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 5
mscoSCR tampering
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 66
• AdBlue consumption is monitored
• AdBlue quality is constantly monitored
• SCR functionality is monitored and controlled(incl. AdBlue/DEF)
– If AdBlue is frozen and SCR not operational after certain time the vehicle speed reduces to 20km/h
Misuse/tampering of SCR-AdBlue/DEF system
• Optical and acoustical warning with increased intensity
– First warning when AdBlue/DEF level is lower than 10%
• First degree of restriction
– Empty tank (at 2.5% quantity left), quality out of limits
20% torque reduction in complete speed range
• Second degree of restriction
– Empty tank, water in the tank, SCR not functioning
– Max speed of vehicle reduced to 20km/h, beginning after a new start after parking (not during driving).
mscoInteger June 2015
Euro VI emissions in-use
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 7
mscoSwiss television 2013
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 8
Ambient near truck12100
Exhaust Euro VI truck1860
Particle number count
mscoEmission factors according to handbook
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 9
mscoEuro III Euro VI Emissionen (Iveco)
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon10
mscoVTT Finland Euro VI Buses (7) in Braunschweig cycle
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 11
EEV: lowestprevious standard
7 Euro VI buses
mscoTNO NL 7 Euro VI trucks analysed
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 12
Euro VI trucks aller Marken
mscoMAN cit bus Euro VI PEMS
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 13
mscoRicardo study: Euro V hybrid bus – Euro VI truck
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 14
Euro V BusEuro V Hybrid Bus
Euro VI truck fully loaded
Euro VI truck empty
mscoFuel consumption HD truck 40t
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 15
msco
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 16
Euro VI technologies
mscoEuro VI technology options
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 17
5.03.52.0
0.02
NOx (g/kWh)
PM (g/kWh)Euro IIIEuro III
Euro IVEuro IVEuro VEuro V
EGR
Fuel consumption
2-st. TL
1-st. TL
Euro VI0.46
SCR
Combustion
0.1
0
100 10%
0
SC
R e
ffic
ien
cy
Ad
Blu
e c
on
su
mp
tio
n
0
40 50%
0
EG
R R
ate
ad
d.c
oo
lin
g p
ow
er
SCR EGR
DPF
6*E11
mscoEuro VI technology options
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 18
5.03.52.0
0.02
NOx (g/kWh)
PM (g/kWh)Euro IIIEuro III
Euro IVEuro IVEuro VEuro V
Fuel consumption
2-st. TL
1-st. TL
0.46
SCR
Combustion
0.1
0
100 10%
0
SC
R e
ffic
ien
cy
Ad
Blu
e c
on
su
mp
tio
n
0
40 50%
0
EG
R R
ate
Ad
d.
Co
olin
g p
ow
er
SCR EGR
DPF
EGR
Euro VI
6*E11
mscoEuro VI technology options
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 19
5.03.52.0
0.02
NOx (g/kWh)
PM (g/kWh)Euro IIIEuro III
Euro IVEuro IVEuro VEuro V
EGR
Fuel consumption
2-st. TL
1-st. TL
0.46
Combustion
0.1
0
100 10%
0
SC
R e
ffic
ien
cy
Ad
Blu
e c
on
su
mp
tio
n
0
40 50%
0
EG
R R
ate
ad
d.
Co
olin
g p
ow
er
SCR EGR
DPF
SCR
Euro VI
6*E11
mscoEuro VI technology options
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 20
5.03.52.0
0.02
NOx (g/kWh)
PM (g/kWh)Euro IIIEuro III
Euro IVEuro IVEuro VEuro V
Fuel consumption
2-st. TL
1-st. TL
DPF
0.46
SCR
Combustion
0.1
0
100 10%
0
SC
R e
ffic
ien
cy
Ad
Blu
e c
on
su
mp
tio
n
0
40 50%
0
EG
R R
ate
ad
d.
Co
olin
g p
ow
er
SCR EGR
Euro VI
6*E11
mscoEuro VI technologies Diesel
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 21
Euro VI
• SCR only for Iveco/FPT and partly Scania, all others combination of SCR/EGR
• All Euro VI have DPF
• Electronic control of engine and aftertreatment system, NOx sensor
• Fuel mandatory <10 (15)ppm
• Maintenance: typical engine maintenance as for all electronic controlled
• Diesel engines, DPF regular maintenance (at 300-400’000km)
• LowSAPS lubricants, maintenance of sensors as specified
• OBD
mscoEuro VI technologies CNG
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 22
Euro VI
• stoichiometric combustion, spark ignition
• Some with EGR
• Multipoint port injection, direct injection
• 3-way catalyst system
• Electronic control of engine and aftertreatment system, NOx sensor
• Best fuel methane content >90%
• Maintenance: typical engine maintenance as for spark ingnition engines
• OBD
mscoMaintenance requirements
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 23
Euro IV Euro V Euro VI Euro V / VI CNG
EGR or SCR EGR / SCR EGR / SCR / DPF (EGR) / 3way Cat
Lubricating oil E9, APT CJ-4 (low SAPS)
Gas engine oil
Fuel Low sulfur diesel
AdBlue DEF Standard2-4%
Standard3-5%
Standard4-7%
DPF Maintenanceafter 300’000-500’000 km
SCR dosing unit Filter replacement
Filter replacement
Filter replacement
Breather filter Replacement Replacement Replacement Replacement
Engine general standard standard standard Standard
Sensors NOx sensor NOx sensor NOx/NH3 sensor Oxigen sensor
mscoSummary
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 24
• Euro VI regulation provides low emissions under all conditions of use, from sea level to altitude and from low tohigh temperatures
• Euro VI regulation is strongly based on in-use emissioncontrol and checked with PEMS for each engine family overthe useful life
• In-use emission emission measurement has confirmed theexcellent emission performance of Euro VI
• Euro VI is the way forward
msco
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 25
Back-up
mscoSCR – DPF Systems
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 26
mscoSelective Catalytic Reduction
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 27
NONO
AdBlue
Urea + Water
NH3 = AmmoniaNH3 = Ammonia
NO2NO2
NH3NH3 SCR CatalystSCR Catalyst
NH3NH3NH3NH3NH3NH3
NO2NO2 NONO
N2N2
NONO
H2OH2O
SCR CatalystSCR Catalyst
N2N2
H2OH2O
NONO
NO2NO2
Injection of AdBlue …(Urea – Water solution / 32.5 wt.-% Urea)with / w.o. compressed air (dosing system)
Control system connected to engine ECU
mscoEuro IV – V technologies Diesel
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 28
Euro IV
• either SCR (using AdBlue) or EGR
• Electronic controls of engine and aftertreatment system, NOx sensor
• DPF sometimes used for buses, then in combination with Oxidation cat
• Fuel sulfur best is <10ppm, 50 ppm is still ok , 500ppm detrimental for oxi-cat and EGR
• Maintenance: typical engine maintenance as for all electronic controlled
• Diesel engines, in case of DPF regular filter maintenance (at 300-400’000km)
• LowSAPS lubricants, maintenance of sensors as specified
Euro V
• either SCR (using AdBlue) or EGR with DPF or the combination of both
• Electronic controls of engine and aftertreatment system, NOx sensor
• DPF used for the version with EGR only, of for bus application
• Fuel sulfur best is <10ppm, when DPF is installed also <10ppm, otherwise 50ppm could work
• Maintenance: typical engine maintenance as for all electronic controlled
• Diesel engines, in case of DPF regular filter maintenance (at 300-400’000km)
• LowSAPS lubricants, maintenance of sensors as specified
mscoEuro VI Maintenance requirements Diesel
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 29
Lubricating OilACEA classification E9, APT CJ-4 (low SAPS)
FuelUltra low sulphur diesel fuel (<10 ppm sulphur)
AdBlue / DEFRefill with strandard fluid meeting specifications
DPFClean following the maintenance guidelines (usually between 300-500’000km)
Dosing unit filterReplacement in-line with maintenance guidelinesPreventing blockage of AdBlue / DEF flow in injector
Breather filterAs it is a closed system, filters must be replaced according to guidelines
mscoCNG engines layout
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 30
• Stoichiometric NG applications offer 5 – 8% lower CO2 emissions than On Road Diesel which corresponds to a operating cost saving of 25 – 30%.
• A lean burn combustion concept or the application of EGR may allow for a further reduction. Exhaust emissions, however, would not be as low as with the stoichiometric version.
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Stoichiometric Lean Burn
msco
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 3131
No additional fluid on board the vehicle
Increased fuel consumption 2-stage turbocharging
Deposit formation possible, negative influence on lubricant performance
Increased cooling power installation constrains increased consumption
High EGR rates even under full load conditions
SCR
Second fluid on board, AdBlue-consumption depending on conversion rate
Engine optimised for low fuel consumption
Fuel quality sensitive (in particular sulfur)
Fuel quality sensitive at high conversion rate conditions
No negative effects on lubricant
Big volume to be installed
Limits with respect to conversion rate (temperature)
EGR
DPFFuel quality sensitive (passive regeneration)
LowSAP lubricants are required
mscoWW on-road emission standards trucks
msco GmbH CH-9320 Arbon 32
Source: ICCT