EuroEuro--MéditerraneanMéditerranean Symposium Symposium -- Working Group 2Working Group 2GeohazardsGeohazards : earthquakes, slope : earthquakes, slope unstabilitiesunstabilities, tsunamis, coastal erosion, tsunamis, coastal erosion

Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 –– 18h3018h30ChairChair : : KarimKarim YellesYelles (CRAAG, Algeria)(CRAAG, Algeria)ConvenerConvener : Louis : Louis GéliGéli (Ifremer, France) (Ifremer, France) Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM, France)Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM, France)

Introduction Introduction -- KarimKarim Yelles Yelles The EuroThe Euro--MéditerraneanMéditerranean Seismological Seismological CenterCenter : an original organization for the coordination : an original organization for the coordination and federation of the seismological community, Gilles and federation of the seismological community, Gilles MazetMazet--Roux (CSEM/EMSC)Roux (CSEM/EMSC)Tsunami hazardsTsunami hazards in the Northin the North--Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent seas, Miguel Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent seas, Miguel Miranda (Miranda (FaculdadeFaculdade de de CienciasCiencias, , UniversidadeUniversidade de de LisboaLisboa))Submarine landslides, slope Submarine landslides, slope unstabilitiesunstabilities and catastrophic events. The importance of and catastrophic events. The importance of seafloor seafloor mappingmapping and imaging. Francesco and imaging. Francesco ChiocciChiocci ((UniversitàUniversità La La SapienzaSapienza, Roma), Roma)The The PrismePrisme ProgrammeProgramme : : a case studya case study, Bruno , Bruno SavoyeSavoye ((IfremerIfremer))Erosion Erosion ProcessesProcesses, Nicole , Nicole Lenôtre Lenôtre (BRGM) & (BRGM) & BouchtaBouchta El El MoumniMoumni (Université de Tanger)(Université de Tanger)Seafloor observatoriesSeafloor observatories : an essential tool for : an essential tool for geohazardgeohazard assessment and mitigation, Paolo assessment and mitigation, Paolo FavaliFavali (INGV) & Roland Person ((INGV) & Roland Person (IfremerIfremer))European European Plate Observatory SystemPlate Observatory System, François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo , François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo CoccoCocco(INGV)(INGV)EurofleetsEurofleets : a tool to access to oceanographic facilities (Antoine : a tool to access to oceanographic facilities (Antoine DosdatDosdat, , IfremerIfremer))

DiscussionDiscussion

ConclusionsConclusions

The The MediterraneanMediterranean area: area: geodynamicallygeodynamically activeactive

Slowly favoring the North –South convergence but generating numerous geological hazards

www.emsc-csem.orgPermanent funding only from institutional quotas and CoE subvention

Soft money represents 90% of the 2007 budget!

EMSC/ CSEM created by the scientific community (ESC) in 1975 to rapidly locate earthquakes77 institutes in 50 countriesData exchange with a hundred of institutes in more than 60 countries1300 stations (on land)Production of bulletin at Mediterranean scale

Seismic monitoring: networking of databases and dissemination

Modelling impact of tsunamis on the coast are ongoing in various countries• Models are able to reproduce well the measurements and the observation• In critical areas there is a need for vulnerability studies• Early warning system : ICG/NEAMTWS an intergovernmental subsidiary body of the IOC, established in June 2005 (Resolution XXIII-14)

No emergency plans for tsunamis (excepted in Japan, USA…) beforethe giant Indian Ocean tsunami on December 26, 2004Large European Mediteranean tsunamis: Lisbon 1755, Alexandria, Messine

Geological hazards are facing the medium/long term recurrence problem

Tsunami hazards in the Mediterranean

Importance of submarine edifices vs subaerial, Strong slopes, various geomorphic processesNumerous instabilities revealed by detailed mapping

Stromboli edifice

Etna edifice

20022002Stromboli ItalyStromboli Italy

Stromboli houses

Road

« Relatively « small » landslides may cause severe damages in near crowded areas

Production of Geohazard Maps (A0 format, 1:50.000) covering the seafloor in the depth interval 50-500m

ObjectiveTo detect and map all the Italian seafloor geohazard features in the more instable continental margins

PRISME Cruise: 7 oct – 7 nov 2007A federative cruise: parners from France, Italy, Spain, Algeria

A tour of 4 target areas previously studied by other « conventionnal means »: Gulf of Lions, Ibiza Channel, Algerian margin, Nice slopeWith 2 initiative tools : Penfeld penetrometer and piezometers

-Objectives- internal architecture of recent gravitydeposition events in the W Mediterranean - spatial variability of associated turbiditydeposits- triggering mechanisms of the process for each studied area- evaluation of future potential risk of submarine slope failure- solutions capable of reducing the danger of submarine

Detailed studies of geohazards: slope instabilities

Coastal erosion

Costal erosion is a non linear/ non continuous processesStudies need

continuous multifrequency monitoring at local to regional scalesvarious and detailed studies (mrophology, sedimentoly, hydrodynamics

Status of European costal erosion: : EUROSION project• 20% of EU coastline are eroded or protected• 15 KM² of coastal zone are « lost » per year • 3.2 milliard € are spent for coastal defence per year !

•Costal evolution (erosion, stability, prograding) is a non linear processes, not constant in time• Extreme events – storms- may be highly damaged for years

•Studies need • continuous monitoring at local to regional scales (networks)• various and detailed data (morphology, sedimentoly, hydrodynamics…) at sea and on land• for modelling the geomorphologic evolution trough coupledmultiscale and multitools approach • and proposing scenarii• evaluation of possible refurnishment from offshore fossil deposits

• and fundamental research on processes + more derailed basic knowledge of coastal zones

• Coastal erosion will increase severely with• increased human occupation • climatic changes: sealevel elevation (>= 60cm in this century) , higher impact of storms

Seafloor Observatories: essential tools for GeoSeafloor Observatories: essential tools for Geo--HazardHazardassessment and mitigationassessment and mitigation

• Geo-hazards distribution calls for a Regional approach for monitoring, warning and study

• Important sources of Geo-hazards are located in marine areas and effective monitoring needs network extension to the seafloor

• Geo-hazard prone marine areas have been well identified (e.g., ESONET, MOMAR, NEAREST), scientific and technological activities already started

GEOSTARGEOSTAR

85 km offshore 85 km offshore 3200 m w.d. 3200 m w.d. ((SagresSagres Plateau)Plateau)

11--year monitoring: year monitoring: Deployment August 2007Deployment August 2007

NEAREST

EMSO European Mutidisciplinary deep Seafloor observatories

Preparatory phase (P Favali coord) start early 2008 (4 years)

To be deployed on specific sites around European waters, according to a list of key sites identified by ESONET NoE andforming a widely distributed pan-European infrastructure

EUROFLEETS next call

European call opened end nov 07: Research Infratstructure~5 – 7 M€, 4 years program, for vessels L>35m, submarine or embarked tools

Networking activities: European harmonizationof slection procedures, fast operation (in case of emergency), inetroperability, regionalcoordination, shared strategic, ecoresponsability, traing periods(technician, young scientists), data management, extra Europe cooperation

Transnational access: cruises, transits, at distance access

Joint Research activities: acquisition softwares, acoustic systemsharmonization, mobile sensors, environemnt protection duringresearch at sea, technical priorities

Build integrated land-sea projects (incl. detailed swath bathymetric surveys, HR seismics…) fro the evaluation of geological hazards

Study the potential slides on slopes and their impacts on coastal zones

Complement the seismic networks with marine stations

Install permanent systems for monitoring the coastal erosion

Install / reinforce Tsunami Alert Systems

Integrate fundamental researches inlc. Observatories, boreholes, numericalmodelling for sediment transport, tsunami impacts…

WG2 Preparatory note

Actions

Question submitted : which strategy for linking the main expectations of the geosciences community ?

•Elaborate a multi-disciplinary research program on geological hazards, integrating land and marine aspects and involving the countries from the northern and southern Mediterranean

•Develop training and mobility of students and researchers

•Structurate marine sciences research at the Euro-Mediterranean level (development of the access to marine research infrastructures)

•Implement a pluri-annual programmation of trans-national cruises involving countries from both shores of the Mediterranean (connexion with Eurofleets).

Working Group discussion

Discussion : Discussion : somesome of the of the mattersmatters discusseddiscussed

•• StrongStrong needneed for more for more detaileddetailed knowledgeknowledge of of seabedseabed and suband sub--seabedseabed and and fundamentalfundamental researchresearch on on processesprocesses atat all all levelslevels (local, (local, regionalregional, ,, ,deepdeep crustcrust / / surficialsurficial) (+ ) (+ integratedintegrated land /land /seasea))

•• DevelopDevelop links links withwith industryindustry ((existingexisting in N and S countries) for the in N and S countries) for the accessaccess to unique to unique sets of data (sets of data (egeg veryvery deepdeep and good and good resolutionresolution seismicseismic, drill , drill holesholes),),

•• VariousVarious public public meansmeans existexist but are not but are not enoughenough structured structured

•• DevelopDevelop multidisciplinaritymultidisciplinarity of of projectsprojects

•• Tsunami Tsunami hazardhazard : : needneed for for detaileddetailed knowledgeknowledge in the in the coastalcoastal areas areas

•• StrongStrong needsneeds expressedexpressed fromfrom SouthernSouthern countries countries

–– Access to Access to oceanographiococeanographioc vesselsvessels and and tools tools –– Sharing Sharing experienceexperience on on scientificscientific concepts, concepts, –– Full Full cooperationcooperation projectproject building (building (fromfrom the the beginningbeginning) ) –– DevelopingDeveloping local marine local marine researchresearch facilities facilities

•• LaunchingLaunching a a MediterraneanMediterranean workfieldworkfield (INSU)(INSU)

•• ReinforceReinforce exchange about exchange about scientificscientific questions & questions & resultsresults / / answersanswers withwith decisiondecisionmakersmakers, local , local authorities authorities

• A better structuration of• projects • tools • data : networking and further integration of databases

• New data acquisition including seabed and subseabed surveys • at various scales, • from land to coastal zone to the deep sea• from the surface to the deep crust

• Monitoring in designated sensitive / evolutive areas • In the coastal zone • On the slopes & in the deep basins

• Establishing a real & full North-South partnership: from defining the scientific programmes, to the data acquisition, processing, interpretation incl. strong training

An improved assessment of geological hazards and their impacts needs

Working Group propositions

• Create North – South Mediterranean coordination structures at all levelsassociating :

• policy makers, funding agencies and scientific organizations • scientists / project managers and regional authorities in charge of spatial management, socio- economic aspects, • scientists from various disciplines for building multidsicplinary projects• towards a permanent Mediterranean « structure »

• Reinforce or structure networks (ex. EMOD call)

• Facilitate access of Southern countries to oceanographic vessels / tools (ex trough Eurofleet)

• Develop common integrated scientific projects on the Mediterranean in a full / complete partnership scheme incl. installation of means in Southern countries + training