eukaryotic cells - mr. curtis' biology...
TRANSCRIPT
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EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Plants, Animals, Fungi & Protists
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What are the 3 tenets (BIG IDEAS) of the Cell Theory?
• 1.) All living things have cells.
• 2.) Cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in living things.
• 3.) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Eukaryotic Example
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Plant Cell
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (attached)
Ribosome (free)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Section 7-2
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Internal Organization
• Cells contain ORGANELLES.
– Are cell components that PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL.
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Cellular Organelles
• 1.) The Plasma membrane – The boundary of the
cell. – Composed of two
distinct layers. • Three distinct regions
– It functions like a bouncer at a club. • It controls what goes
into and comes out of a cell
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2.) The Nucleus
• It is the place where DNA is kept safe in the cell.
• Surrounded by a porous membrane called the nuclear envelope.
• Contains thin fibers of DNA and protein called Chromatin.
• Rod Shaped Chromosomes • Contains a small round
nucleolus – produces ribosomal RNA which
makes ribosomes.
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3.) Ribosomes
• Small non-membrane bound organelles.
• Contain two sub units
• Site of protein synthesis.
• It is the protein factory of the cell
• Either free floating or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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4.) Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Complex network of transport channels.
• Two types:
1. Smooth- 1. Has no ribosomes.
2. Makes lipids for the cell
2. Rough – 1. Has ribosomes
2. Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus.
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5.) Golgi Apparatus
• A series of flattened sacs that modifies, packages, stores, and transports materials out of the cell.
• Works with the ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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6.) Lysosomes
• Is a Recycling Center – It recycles cellular trash
• It is a membrane bound organelle containing a variety of enzymes.
• Acts like the garbage collector of a cell
• Help digest food particles inside or out side the cell.
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7.) Centrioles
• Found only in animal cells
• Have a role in building cilia and flagella
• Play a role in cellular reproduction
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Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton
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8.) Cytoskeleton
• It is the framework of the cell
• Contains small microfilaments and larger microtubules.
• They support the cell, giving it its shape and help with the movement of its organelles.
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9.) Mitochondrion
• It’s the size of a bacterium
• Contains its own DNA
• Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP
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10.) The Chloroplast
• Found in plants, algae and cyanobacteria
• Makes food for the cell using energy from sunlight.
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11.) The Vacuole
• Sacs that help in food digestion, storage and helping the cell maintain its water balance.
• Found mostly in plants and protists.
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12.) Cell Wall
• Extra structure surrounding its plasma membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
• Made of cellulose in Plants
• Made of chitin in Fungi
• Made of peptidoglycan in some Bacteria