Eukaryotic CellsAnimal and Plant

Cell/Plasma Membrane Thin covering that surrounds the cell Controls movement of materials in and

out of cell

Cell Wall Additional, inflexible, external boundary

that provides protection and support Plants = cellulose Fungi = chitin Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls!

Nucleus Manages cell function with DNA = Master

instructions for building proteins

Surrounded by nuclear envelope – double membrane to protect DNA

Contains nucleolus (black)

Nucleoli (black)

Produces particles (ribosomes) involved in protein synthesis

Ribosomes Assemble enzymes and other proteins No membrane

Cytosol Semi-fluid material that surrounds

organelles Cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Folded systems of membranes that

transports Rough ER = with ribosomes Smooth ER = without ribosomes

Package proteins into vesicles for transport

Golgi Apparatus Closely stacked, flattened membrane

sacs that receive and modify newly synthesized proteins & lipids from ER vesicles

Repackages into new vesicles and distributes to organlles, storage or outside the cell

Vesicles Lysosomes

Membrane-bound bags that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

Vesicles - continued Other types of vesicles

Vacuoles – Sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane

Space for temporary storage of materials

Contractile vacuole – contract & dispose of excess water in cell

Endosomes – pockets formed from cell membrane

Mitochondria Location of cellular

respiration/breakdown of organic molecules to transfer energy to ATP

Found in every eukaryotic cell/more numerous in cells that are more active.

Powerhouse of the Cell!

Central Vacuole Stores water, nutrients, waste products

& other materials in plants Enough water = maintains plant’s rigid

structure

Chloroplasts Found in cells of green plants & some

protists Transform light energy from the sun into

usable chemical energy (sugar/starch) through photosynthesis

Contain chlorophyll = Green pigment that traps energy from the sunlight

Cytoskeleton Support structure within the cytoplasm

Made of Microtubules (thin, hollow protein cylinders) and Microfilaments (thin, solid protein fibers)

Centrioles Special Microtubules Involved in cell division of animal cells

Flagella Structure adapted for locomotion Long projections out of plasma

membrane Whip-like motion

Cilia Structure adapted for locomotion Short, numerous, hair-like organelles Packed in tight rows with beating

activity coordinated