eugene s. takle agronomy department geological and atmospheric science department
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Global Climate Change and Regional Impacts: Are We Building the Right Kind of Drainage Structures to Handle Climate Change?. Eugene S. Takle Agronomy Department Geological and Atmospheric Science Department Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 [email protected]. Outline. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Global Climate Change and Regional Impacts:
Are We Building the Right Kind of Drainage Structures to Handle Climate Change?
Eugene S. TakleAgronomy Department
Geological and Atmospheric Science Department
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa 50011
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Outline
Evidence for global climate change Future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations Simulations of global climate and future climate
change Implications for stream flow and
nutrient loss Summary
Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
2004
Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
2004
2040
Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Stabilization at 550 ppm
Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
“Business as Usual”(fossil intensive)
2100
?
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Associated Climate Changes
Global sea-level has increased 1-2 mm/yr Duration of ice cover of rivers and lakes decreased by 2 weeks in N.
Hemisphere Arctic ice has thinned substantially, decreased in extent by 10-15% Reduced permafrost in polar, sub-polar, mountainous regions Growing season lengthened by 1-4 days in N. Hemisphere Retreat of continental glaciers on all continents Poleward shift of animal and plant ranges Snow cover decreased by 10% Earlier flowering dates Coral reef bleaching
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 Report
Mann, M. E., R. S. Bailey, and M. K. Hughes, 1999: Geophysical Research Letters 26, 759.
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Source: IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
Source: IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
Observed summer (June-July-August) daily mean temperature changes (K) between 1976-2000 (Adapted from Folland et al. [2001]).
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Hansen, Scientific American, March 2004
Source: Jerry Meehl, National Center for Atmospheric Research
Source: National Center for Atmospheric Research
Source: National Center for Atmospheric Research
The planet is committed toa warming over the next 50 years regardless of political decisions
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 Report
Amount of warming isin question, but all modelsproject a warming
Climate Change Projected for 2100
Rapid Economic Growth
Slower Economic Growth
IPCC Summary for Policy Makers
An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system
Emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate
IPCC Summary for Policy Makers, cont’d
Confidence in the ability of models to project future climate has increased
There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities
IPCC Summary for Policy Makers, cont’d
Anthropogenic climate change will persist for many centuries
Further action is required to address remaining gaps in information and understanding
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Climate Surprises
Breakdown of the ocean thermohaline circulation (Greenland melt water)
Breakoff of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Regional Climate Change for the US Midwest
Observed and projected changes in climate
Impact on water quantity and water quality
Policy implications
Changes in Daily Maximum Temperature Projected for 2040 by a Regional Climate Model
Changes in Daily Minimum Temperature Projected for 2040 by a Regional Climate Model
“Warming Hole”
TTmaxmax (JJA) (JJA)˚C
For the Midwest Warming will be greater for winter than summer Warming will be greater at night than during the
day A 3oF rise in summer daytime temperature triples
the probability of a heat wave Growing season will be longer (8-9 days longer
now than in 1950) More precipitation Likely more soil moisture in summer More rain will come in intense rainfall events Higher stream flow, more flooding
Sub-Basins of theSub-Basins of theUpper MississippiUpper MississippiRiver BasinRiver Basin
119 sub-basins
Outflow measuredat Grafton, IL
Approximately oneobserving stationper sub-basin
Approximately onemodel grid pointper sub-basin
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Long-term, continuous watershed simulation model (Arnold et al,1998)
Assesses impacts of climate and management on yields of water, sediment, and agricultural chemicals
Physically based, including hydrology, soil temperature, plant growth, nutrients,
pesticides and land management Daily time steps
Validation of SWAT:Validation of SWAT:Annual Stream Flow at Grafton, ILAnnual Stream Flow at Grafton, IL
Validation of SWAT:Validation of SWAT:Monthly Stream Flow at Grafton, ILMonthly Stream Flow at Grafton, IL
Ten-Year Mean Precipitation Generated by the RegCM2 Ten-Year Mean Precipitation Generated by the RegCM2 Regional Climate Model Driven with HadCM2 Regional Climate Model Driven with HadCM2
Global Model Results for the Contemporary and Global Model Results for the Contemporary and
Future Scenario (2040s) ClimateFuture Scenario (2040s) Climate
Ten-Year Mean Monthly Stream Flow Generated by the Ten-Year Mean Monthly Stream Flow Generated by the RegCM2 Regional Climate Model Driven RegCM2 Regional Climate Model Driven
with HadCM2 Global Model Results for the with HadCM2 Global Model Results for the Contemporary and Future Scenario (2040s) ClimateContemporary and Future Scenario (2040s) Climate
Comparison of Simulated Stream Flow under Comparison of Simulated Stream Flow under Climate Change with Various Model BiasesClimate Change with Various Model Biases
Relation of Runoff to Precipitation Relation of Runoff to Precipitation for Various Climatesfor Various Climates
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Regional Climate Modeling for Informing Policy on Water Quality
How does the combination of climate change and land use impact water quality?
Use nitrates and sediment as indicators What alternative land management
strategies will improve water quality? What policies need to be
implemented to achieve this water quality improvement?
Maquoketa Watershed
Scenario 1: all Agriculture
Scenario 2: all Forest
Scenario 3: N. half Agric. and S. half Forest.
Scenario 4: S. half Agric. and N. half Forest.
Scenario 5: Upper half Agric. and lower half Forest.
Scenario 6: Lower half Agric. and upper half Forest.
Scenario 7: Main channel basins - Agric.
Scenario 8: Main channel basins - Forest.
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Improving Regional Climate Models
Project to Intercompare Regional Climate Simulations
Transferability Working Group of GEWEX
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
Summary
Regional climate models demonstrate sufficient skill to be useful for driving some climate impacts assessment models for the purpose of informing policy makers and decision-makers of vulnerabilities and opportunities associated with future climate change
PROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONS
For More Information
See my online Global Change course:
http://www.meteor.iastate.edu/gccourse
Contact me directly: