eu-gcc seminar: “natural gas technologies – realities ... · pdf file23 february...
TRANSCRIPT
European CommissionDirectorate-General for
Energy & TransportMinistry of Industry an Energy
of the State of QatarGulf Co-operation Council
Secretariat General
EU-GCC Seminar:
“Natural Gas Technologies – Realities & Prospects”
Doha, Qatar, 7-8 February 2005
STREAM A:
“Advanced Technologies for Natural Gas Processing,
Transport, Storage and Distribution”
SESSION A.6:Storage Technologies – GTL - LNG
Benedict WEISS,Programme Manager,
Gaz de France
Gas StorageWhy ?
GDF - DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE
UE / GCC – Seminar on « Natural Gas Technologies – Realities & Prospects »
Doha Qatar, 7-8 February 2005
How? Evolutions ?
23 February 2005
Gas Storage
Agenda
For Gas and for LNG}Future
Montoir de Bretagne - France
Aims of storage
Design conditions
Solutions
23 February 2005
Aims (gas)
• In ensuring the supply safety
The impossibility of gas storage can be a brake to this development.
Represent a fundamental aspect of the development of the gas industry in a receiving country :
• In smoothing the flow of supply / consumption
23 February 2005
Reservoir :
• Tightness of the cap rock
• Influence between gas and the hydrogeology
• Capacity
• Porosity
Design conditions (gas)
Acceptance of the on grounds facilities :
• Compression
• Gas treatment
23 February 2005
There are three main techniques :
• Depleted gas reservoirs
Solution (gas)
• Salt caverns
• Aquifers
23 February 2005
Solution (gas) : Salt caverns
1. Salt deposit
2. Caverns
3. On ground facilities
0 m
500 m
1000 m
1500 m1
2
3
1
90 m
130 m
23 February 2005
Solution (gas) : Salt caverns
Water injection
Brine draining
The water dissolves
salt
Salt cavern leaching
23 February 2005
Solution (gas) : Salt caverns
CAVERN
INSOLUBLES RESIDUES
CONCRETE CASING
SALT MASSIF
ROOF
CLAY PATCH
Radius (meters)
Height (meters)
23 February 2005
Solution (gas) : Aquifer
1 Reservoir
2 Caprock
3 Control (upper) aquifer
4 Central station
5 Operating wells
6 Control well in upper aquifer
7 Control wells in reservoir
8 Gas-bearing zone
23 February 2005
Examples in France(operated by Gaz de France)
FOSFOS
MONTOIRMONTOIR
TAISNIERESTAISNIERES
OBERGAILBACHOBERGAILBACH
OLTINGUEOLTINGUE
LARRAULARRAU
ETREZETREZ
TERSANNETERSANNE
DUNKERQUEDUNKERQUE
MANOSQUEMANOSQUE
CHEMERYCHEMERYCERECERE
SOINGSSOINGS
ST ILLIERSST ILLIERS
ST CLAIRST CLAIR GOURNAYGOURNAY
GERMIGNYGERMIGNY CERVILLECERVILLE
BEYNESBEYNES
MANOSQUE IIMANOSQUE II
HAUTERIVESHAUTERIVES
ALSACEALSACE
Aquifers
Salt caverns
Existing
Projects
Aquifer9 sites
Cavern3 sites
Top depthm
600 à 1200 900 à 1400
Total capacity106 m3
18 605 2 200
Working volume106 m3
7 800 1 200
Peak flow rate106 m3/d
115 75
23 February 2005
Gas Storage - Europe
Depleted gas reservoirs
42,2 %
Aquifers 27,7 %
Old Mines
1,2 %
Salt Caverns
28,9 %
Total Europe : more than 80 storages
Source : CEDIGAZ
23 February 2005
Aims (LNG)
Seasonal storage
Buffer storage
Bilbao - Spain
23 February 2005
Design conditions (LNG)
Fos II - France
Storing LNG
Performance of the chain
« Social » acceptance of the tanks
23 February 2005
Design conditions (LNG)
Behaviour of the LNG (tools like : predicting roll over LNG-Master , …)
Operating conditions
Exceptional loads (earthquake, mechanical impacts…)
23 February 2005
Solution (LNG)
Past :
Metallic single containment tank
Nantes - France
23 February 2005
Solution (LNG)
New design (step 1)
Double containment
Avon mouth peak shaving plant - GB Dudzele peak shaving plant - Belgium
23 February 2005
Solution (LNG)
Montoir de Bretagne - France
New design (step 2) :
Full containment
With dike
Yves Blond
23 February 2005
Membrane tank
23 February 2005
Membrane tank
23 February 2005
Marmara - Turkey
23 February 2005
Revithoussa - Greece
23 February 2005
Revithoussa - Greece
23 February 2005
Solutions (LNG)
State of the Art :
European standardization effort
=
No retention area for full containment tanks neither membrane tanks
23 February 2005
Solution (LNG) – EN 1473 – pr-EN-14620
secondary concretecontainer
Suspended deck( insulated )
Reinforced
PrestressedPrimary container
Loose fillinsulation
Base insulation
concreteroof
Insulation oninside of
secondarycontainer
concreteElevated
raft
( insulated )
Base insulation
Reinforcedconcrete roof
Primary containermembrane
Prestressedconcretesecondarycontainer
Suspended deck
secondarycontainer
Insulation oninside of
concreteraft
Elevated
23 February 2005
Solution (LNG) – EN 1473 (pr-EN-14620)
Primary container
Externalinsulation
Outer shell( water barrier )
Secondary containerBotton heating
Base insulation Bund wall
(impounding area)
Outer shell( not able tocontain liquid )
Secondary container(impounding area)Base insulation
Bund wall
Primary container
Suspended deck( insulated )
Loose fill insulation
Elevatedconcreteraft
23 February 2005
Solution (LNG) – EN 1473 (pr – EN – 14620)
secondary
Base
Loose fill
Elevatedconcreteraft
Primary container
Suspended deck( insulated )
concreteOuter shell( not able tocontainliquid )
insulation
container
Roof ifrequired
insulation Prestressed
Bund wall
Primary container
Suspended deck( insulated )
Outer shell( not able tocontain
Loose fill
secondary
Base insulation
concrete
liquid )
Roof ifrequired
insulation
Reinforced
container
Earthembankment
Bottomheatting
23 February 2005
Future (gas)
New design due to the geology :
Line Rock Cavern (LRC)
23 February 2005
Future (gas - LRC)
Rock cover 100-200 mMaximum pressure 15-30 MpaDiameter 25-45 m
23 February 2005
Future (gas - LRC)• Rock mass :
pressureabsorption
• Concrete layer :
Pressure transfer
Deformationdistribution
Smooth basis for liner
• Steel liner :
gas tightness
RockConcrete
Drainage
LRC gas storage
RockSteel lining
23 February 2005
Future (gas - LRC)
Europe
23 February 2005
Future (gas - LRC)
Demonstration cavern
Geometrical Volume 40 000 m3
Diameter 35 m (115 ft)Height 50 m (160 ft)Gas Pressure 200 bar (2900 psi)Total Gas Volume 10x106 m3 (360 MMcf)Working Gas Volume 8.5x106 m3 (300 MMcf)Base Gase Volume 1.5x106 m3 (60 MMcf)
23 February 2005
Future (LNG)
Acceptance of the tanks :
Underground cavern
Offshore
23 February 2005
Future (LNG in LRC)
23 February 2005
Future (LNG in LRC)
23 February 2005
Future (LNG in LRC)
23 February 2005
Future (LNG)Offshore
23 February 2005
Future (LNG)Offshore
23 February 2005
Gas Storage
Conclusion / Research challenges
Industry / Market
Price, unit capacity, environment
Acceptance
Underground storage : gas industry is in environnement’s service (CO2)
23 February 2005
Thank you for your attentionRas Laffan - Qatar