1. In acquire the technology there are several ways to gain it. State 3 ways to acquire

the technology. Explain each of way that you state.

i. Technology transfer

Technology transfer refers to a process in which technology or knowledge developed

in one place or for one purpose is applied and exploited in other place for other

purpose. Existing knowledge, facilities or capabilities developed under federal

research and development (R&D) funding are utilized to fulfill public and private

needs.

ii. Reverse technology

Reverse technology is taking apart an object to see how it works in order to duplicate

or enhance the object.

iii. Industrial espionage

Industrial espionage is the covert and sometime illegal practice of investigating

competitors to gain technological or commercial research data, blueprints, plans and

et cetera.

2. What is Globalizations? Explain the definition of it

Globalization is defined as a process of interaction among people, companies and

government of different nations that is driven by international trade aided by information

technology. It has a tremendous impact on the industry as technological advances occur

rapidly in many parts of the world.

3. In your opinion, explain 5 (five) benefits of Globalization

In my opinion, globalization through global mass media may connect all the people in the

world and create more communication between the individuals and corporations in the

world. This can help in reducing cultural barriers and promote international travel and

tourism in a country. Besides, globalization enhance the creation of new technology.

Thus, environmental protection in developed countries will increase through the

development of green construction by emerging technology. Globalization also increases

the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world through these

technologies. In addition to that, the flexibility of corporations to operate across borders

will increase as globalization induce a broad access to a range of goods for consumers

and companies through the emerging worldwide production. The free circulation of

people of different nations can also lead to social benefits. Moreover, globalization may

improve the human health through technology and idea sharing in finding cures for a

particular disease.

4. Explain on each item

i. Importance of R&D

Research and Development (R&D) is important as the basic research for both

experimental or theoretical work that is undertaken primarily to acquire new

knowledge without a specific application or use in mind. Besides, R&D is also

important as it contributes in introducing research grant, innovating product that is

environmental friendly and investing in new technology and product.

ii. Production cycle

Production cycle refers to an illustration of integrated processes that together

constitute a system. In order to develop an idea, there is the need to create the

phases in a series of stages from the seed of an idea to the essential science and

engineering phase associated with creating a prototype and then to marketing and

sales.

iii. Achievement of R&D in Malaysia

In Malaysia, the achievement of R&D can be seen through a Malaysian-owned oil

and gas company, Petronas which is the short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad.

Petronas has developed a new mult-fibre membrane separation technology for

more efficient and cost-effective removal of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from natural

gas. Petronas has also develop novel pipeline repair system that used composite

material consisting of a fibreglass reinforcement saturated in a resin matrix.

Besides that, IJM Construction Berhad, a leading construction company,

has introduced in the production of first lightweight oil palm fibre reinforced

cement composite panels.

iv. Effect of Globalization in Malaysia

In the sector of economy, the telecommunications and the information economy

continue to advance as the time flows. This has caused an evolution in

communication with the introduction of latest technology and gadgets that are

affordable to the consumers. However, in education sector, the effect of

globalization can clearly be seen through the use of English as the main language

in Science and Mathematics subjects instead of the national language of Malay.

Besides, globalization does not only modernize but also westernize to an extend

that it caused a cultural pollution to the locals as they tend to follow the current

trends from the West, forgetting about their own culture.

5. Briefly explain :

i. Negligence

Negligence is defined as the failure to exercise the degree of care considered

reasonably warranted by the circumstances, resulting in an unintended injury to

another party. It is committed when there has been a failure to take proper care,

resulting in losses.

ii. Conflict Of Interest

Conflict of interest occurs when a person private interest is interfered or appeared

to be interfered in a way with the interest of an organization. Examples of conflict

of interest are diverting from the organization for personal benefit and using the

organization’s asset for personal benefit.

iii. Collusion

Collusion is defined as a secret or illegal cooperation that exists to cheat and

deceive others. Collusive practice can be seen when a participating firm is

guaranteed a subcontracting work for submitting false bids to clients. When the

identified firm wins the tender, participating firm is rewarded with subcontracting

works.

iv. Fraud

Fraudulent activity is abundant from the government project as such in the

construction industry. In many cases, the companies lose money to fraud because

of the employees, contractor, subcontractors or venture partners. These frauds

include diverted fund, materials misuse and padded bills.

v. Bribery

Bribery is the act of giving money, goods or other form of recompense to a

recipient in exchange of alteration of their behavior as a benefit to the giver. Bribe

is a challenge in sectors as it leads to corruption to an industry and nation.

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