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5.1 Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5.2 Urban Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.2.1 Water and Sewage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.2.2 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.2.3 Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
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CHAPTER 10: LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
10.1 Aquatic Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 10.1.1 Riverine Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 10.1.2 Lacustrine Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 10.1.3 Estuarine Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
10.2 Terrestrial Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 10.2.1 Forested Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 10.2.2 Meadow and Old Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 10.2.3 Successional Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 10.2.4 Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 10.2.5 Special Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
PART IV: DIRECTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
CHAPTER 11: DIRECTIONS FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
11.1 Watershed Health: Summary of Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 11.2 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 11.3 Subwatershed and Reach Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
CHAPTER 12: WHAT’S HAPPENING NOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
12.1 The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 12.2 Remedial Action Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
12.2.1 Toronto and Region Remedial Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 12.3 Regeneration Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Regeneration Projects in the Mimico Creek Watershed Appendix B: Regeneration Projects in the Etobicoke Creek Watershed Appendix C: Recent Studies and Reports
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The term "flake" is used by archaeologists to describe the pieces of chert that are "flaked' off during the stages of stone tool manufacturing.
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Highway # 401
Highway # 403
December 1998
LEGEND
Watershed Boundary Rivers Lakes and Ponds Major Roads Municipal Boundary L. Ontario Shoreline Cultural Heritage
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Enjoying Heart Lake Conservation Area
In terms of use in 1997, 56,426 people visited Heart Lake Conservation Area. A visitors survey from 1994 revealed that almost half of the visitors to Heart Lake live in the City of Brampton. From a regional perspective, 72 percent of visitors came from within The Regional Municipality of Peel, and 23 percent came from the six municipalities which now form the City of Toronto (MTRCA, 1995).
Snelgrove Resource Management Tract As defined by the TRCA, Resource Management Tracts are:
designated resource management areas where the natural characteristics of land, together with the conservation land management activities of the Authority, will provide outdoor opportunities to study and observe, generally supported only by the provision of venues for public access (MTRCA, 1980).
In 1959, the TRCA acquired the Snelgrove lands to construct a dam and reservoir to serve as an auxiliary water supply for Brampton, which drew much of its supply from wells, and secondly, for recreational purposes (MTRCA, 1959). To date, the dam has not been built. Currently, portions of the lands are under agreement with the City of Brampton to meet local open space needs, such as trail development and use, while the TRCA maintains the remaining areas. Within this resource management tract, naturalization has occurred in recent years.
Leases and Management Agreements A variety of lease and management agreements exist for other TRCA lands.
Within the City of Toronto, some of the lands managed by the City of Toronto Department of Economic Development, Culture and Tourism--Parks and Recreation Services, are owned by the TRCA. These lands are leased through a management agreement to the City of Toronto and include valley and stream corridors and associated tablelands. Humber Bay Parks located at the mouth of Mimico Creek, and Marie Curtis Park located at the mouth of Etobicoke Creek, are major destinations that have been developed through this partnership.

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ico Creek under the new pedestrian bridge
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Information on land use plans and policies can be found in the Official Plans of the
Cities of Toronto, Mississauga, and Brampton; the Town of Caledon; and the Region of Peel
In a 1978 provincial plan, the Parkway Belt West system was envisioned as a multiple purpose corridor that would accommodate utility and infrastructure needs as well as provide a greenway linkage across the Greater Toronto Area.
Highway # 403
Dixie Rd.
CONTEXT MAP
MAP 5: ETOBICOKE AND MIMICO CREEK WATERSHEDS General Land Use
2 0 2 4 6 Kilometres
December 1998
LAND USE: Open Space Government Institution Agricultural Office/Commercial Residential Sector Industrial Future Residential
Lake Ontario Drainage Area Lakes and Ponds Rivers Watershed Boundary Major Roads Municipal Boundary L. Ontario Shoreline
Runway
LEGEND
DATA SOURCES: Planimetric,Topographic and Watercourse Data Energy, Mines and Resources Canada; National Topographic Series, 1:50000. 1986. Land Use Compusearch. Major Market Product, various scales. 1997. Municipal and TRCA staff input.
NOTE: The boundaries and alignments of designations on this map are approximate.
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