etl-0216 'bibliography of in-house and contract reports

UG470 USd no . 0216 -0216

Bibliography of in-house and

contract reports

supplement 8

Ro s a I i n d a P. B a r r o1 n

MARCH 1980

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABORATORIES

FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA 22060 LIBRARY BRANCH

TECHNICAL INFOR MATION CENTER .US ARM'i ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT

YICKSBURG. MISSISSIPi.l

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) f/0;

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER r GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0216 4. TITLE (11r1d Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT II PERIOD COVERED

Bibliography, Supplement 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IN-HOUSE AND CONTRACT 1 Jan 79 - 31 Jan 79 REPORTS, SUPPLEMENT 8 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(•) e. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Rosalinda I

P. Barron

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA 11 WORK UNIT NUMBERS u. s. Army Engineer

Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer March 1980 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 73 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME II ADDRESS(lf dltferent from ControlllnQ Ottlce) 1S. SECURITY CLASS. (of Ihle report)

Unclassified 1Sa. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report)

Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abatracl entered In Block 20, If different from Report)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEV WORDS (Continue on rever•• eld• II neces.tary trnd Identity by block number)

20. ABSrRACT (Cor:rtlcu• mi.,..,,.., •• •lthl II nece-a•ary .ad ldenllty by block number)

This is supplement 8 to the report titled "Bibliography of In-House and Con-tract Reports, " (AD-877 653L),(Supplement 1 • AD-890 066L), (Supplement 2' AD-905 548L), (Supplement 3, AD-BOOS 275L), (Supplement 4, AD-B010 642L), Supplement 5, AD-B019 966L.). (Supplement 6, AD-AO SS 468), (Supplement 7' AD-A068 744). It is a continuing bibliography of reports prepared by and for the u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories (USAETL), Fort Belvoir, Virginia. This bibliography includes reports published from 1 January 1979 through 31 December 1979.

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PREFACE

This is Supplement 8 to the report titled "Bibliography of In-House and Contract Reports" (AD-877 653L), (Supplement l, AD-890 066L), (Supplement 2, AD-905 548L), (Supplement 3, AD-BOOS 275L), (Supplement 4, AD-BO! 0 642L), (Supplement 5, AD-BOl 9 966L), (Supplement 6, AD-AOSS 468), (Supplement 7, AD-A068 744). It is a continuing bibliography of reports prepared by and for the U. S. Anny Engineer Topographic Laboratories (USAETL), Fort Belvoir, Virginia. This bibliography includes reports that were published from 1 January 1979 through 31 December 1979.

Reports with AD nm'nbers can be purchased by Department of Defense agencies from the Defense Technical Infonnation Center; other agencies and individuals can purchase copies from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. 22161. Reports with a "B" in the AD number are limited in distribution to U. S. Government agencies unless permission for release is granted from the controlling office. Reports are available on an interlibrary loan from the Scientific and Technical Information Center (STINFO), U. S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060.

COL Daniel L. Lycan, CE, was Commander and Director of ETL during the report preparation. Mr. Robert P. Macchia was the Technical Director.

1

CONTENTS

TITLE

PREFACE

REPORTS

PAPERS

INDEXES

Titles Corporate Authors Contract Numbers Personal Authors AD Numbers

2

PAGE

3

64

66 70 71 72 73

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

REPORT DOCUMEHTATIOH PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER r· GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0155 AD-A071 651 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) s. TYPE OF REPORT II PERIOD COVERED

RADAR IMAGE SIMULATION: VALIDATION OF THE POINT SCATTERING METHOD Contract Report ADDENDUM 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

RSL Technical Report 319-31 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

J. c. Holtzman E. E. Komp J. L. Abbott E. c. Davison v. H. Kaupp v. s. Frost DAAG53-76-C-0154

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS

University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. 2291 Irving Hill Drive Lawrence, Kansas 66045

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPORT O~.TE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories June 1978 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

137 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADORESS(/I dlllorent from ControlllnQ Olflco) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thlo report)

Unclassified \Sa. OECL ASSI FICA TION/ DOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thlo Raport)

Approved for public release; Distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of tho ab•tracl entered In Block 20, II dllleront from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on rever•• •Ide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Backscatter Plan Position Indicator (PPI) Data Base Simulation Digital Radar Image Reflectivity

20. ABSTI!ACT (C'aatJin.I• - ,.,..,_ eta ff,,__ • .,,. - ldenJ/ly by block number)

The purpose of this report is to present the additional results of apply-ing the Point Scattering Model for radar image simulation to t2ree (3) new cases. This work is supplemental to that previously reported 1• . The work was sponsored by the U. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories (ETL).

The results reported were obtained for four (4) simulations corresponding to four specific altitudes in the terminal trajectory of a guided missile (three of the simulations are new), each successively lower. The sequence of

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20. Continued

four simulations was tested against actual radar data of the same site via the Correlatron*. The correlation tests showed performance of simulations produced by the PSM to be acceptable in three cases, and to be unacceptable in one case. The unacceptable performance was explained by geometric errors inadvertently introduced into the data base and was not produced by the simulation method.

1 Holtzman, J. C., V. H. Kaupp, J. L. Abbott, V. S. Frost, E. E. Komp,

E. C. Davison, "Radar Image Simulation: Validation of the Point Scattering Method," Vol. I, ETL-0117, The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., September, 1977, AD-A053 253.

2Holtzman, J. C., V. H. Kaupp, J. L. Abbott, V. S. Frost, E. E. Komp, and E. C. Davison, "Radar Image Simulation: Validation of the Point Scattering Method," Vol. II, ETL-0118, The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., September 1977, AD-A053 240.

*Correlatron is a two-dimensional cross-correlation measuring device manufactured by Goodyear Aerospace and installed at ETL.

4

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1. REPORT NUMBER 12· GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0159 AD-A076 249 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

RADAR BACKSCATTER FROM A VEGETATED TERRAIN: Contract Report A DISCRETE SCATTERING APPROACH 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Roger H. Lang Spiro Sokolakis

DAAK70-77-C-0142 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK

AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

George Washington University Washington, D.C. 4Al61102B52CA3

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT D ... TE

May 1979 u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 58 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(lf different from Controlllnll 011/ce) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified I Sa. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thlo Report)

Approved fro public release; distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ab•tract entered In Block :10, II different from Report)


19. KEV WORDS (ContJnue on l'ever•• aide II neceeaary and Identity by block number)

Electromagnetic Wave Scattering Random Media Vegetation

2Q, ABSTllAC:T (Caat&Jue - ,.,,.rea ala ff,,_..._,. - /denllfy l>y block numl>ar) This report studies radar backscattering from a vegetated terrain. The

vegetation is modelled by spherical water droplets which can be treated as dis-crete scatterers. The vegetation is assumed sufficiently lossy so that the underlying ground is not noticeable. The method of Foldy is used to evaluate the mean field in the vegetation when the wavelength of the incident radiation is large compared to the droplet size. Once an equivalent dielectric constant for the vegetation is obtained by the Foldy technique, single scattering is employed to evaluate the back-scattering cross section.The resulting expressior

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20. Continued

is found to compare favorably with experimental data. In addition to the three dimensional work, a one dimensional problem is analyzed. This analysis is compared with the Foldy approximation in the high density limit.

6



1. REPORT NUMBER 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0165 AD-B041 663L 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

Final Report

MULTISPECTRAL TARGET SIGNATURES July 1977--July 1978 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Nancy Lytle Sandra Wenderoth

DAAK-70-77-C-0133 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS Spectral Data Corporation 112 Parkway Dr. So Hauppauge, NY


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories September 1978 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

71 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(ll different from Control/In/I Ottlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of Ihle report)

Unclassified 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thl• Report)

Distribution limited to U. s. Government agencies only; Test and Evaluation; September 1978. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander and Director, u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the •b•lract entered In Bloclr: 20, It different from Report)


19. KEV WORDS (Continue on revere• aide II neceaaary and Identity by block number)

Military Target/Background Spectra Multispectral Scattering

20. ABSTRACT (Couflau• - ,.,,.r .. Ilia ff,,_...,.. - Iden.lily by block number)

This report presents the effects of illumination and atmospherics upon the inherent spectra of targets and backgrounds. Filter bands are selected which optimize detection of military targets embedded in the environment.


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UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered)


I. REPORT NUMBER r· GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0167 AD-B041 800L 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

EVALUATION AND TEST OF A SELF CONTAINED Contract Report VEHICLE LAND NAVIGATION SYSTEM 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


T. J. Rickords DAAK.70-77-C-0205

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

Litton Guidance and Control Systems AREA l!c WORK UNIT NUMBERS

5500 Canoga Ave. Woodland Hills, CA 91364


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Aug 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

109 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME l!c ADDRESS(lf different from Controlllnl Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (al thl• report)

Unclassified 15e. DECL ASSI FICA Tl ON/ DOWN GRAD! NG

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (al thle Report)

Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies only; Proprietary information; 1 August 1979. Other requests for this document must be ref erred to Commander and Director, U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abotract entered In Bloclc 20, If different from Report)


19. t( EV WORDS (Continue on revet•• aid• II nec•••ary 11r1d Identify by block number)

Land Navigation System Strapdown

20. ABSTI'IACT (C'amlau• - ,.,,., .. .to fl ..--.ary - Identity by bloclc number)

A low cost, self contained vehicle navigation system was conceived and developed. It utilizes a single gyro and accelerometer, and an odometer in a semi-strapped down configuration. Under this program, the system was tested in a van type vehicle. Performance (0.4% of distance traveled) was satisfac-tory over level, paved roads. However, for operation over rough and hilly terrain, design changes are needed to improve the performance.

DD FOR .. I JAN 73 103 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

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I. REPORT NUMBER 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0168 AD-A064 800 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED

Final Technical Report DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC STUDY AND BENCHMARK 4 Jun 1975 -- Oct 1978

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

76003~78-R6 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

D. J. Panton M. E. Murphy D. s. Hanson DAAG53-75-C-0195


Control Data Corporation AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

2800 East Old Shakopee Road Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories December 1978 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

274 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 ADDRESS(ll different from Controllln/l Oftlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thle report)

Unclassified Isa. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thlo Reporl)

Approved for public release; Distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abatract entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEV WO ROS (Contlnue on revere• aid• JI neceeaary and Identity by block number)

Automated Mapping Distributive Computing Analytical Photogrammetry Image Correlation Digital Image Processing Image Matching Digital Stereo Mapping Parallel Processing Digital Terrain Elevation Data Collection Stereo Compilation

20. ABSTRACT (Coatlaua .. ,.,..r .. .- ft,,_.,...,,. - fdenllly by block number)

A flexible algorithm has been developed to meet the changing require-men ts for generating terrain data from digital stereo sensor records. The algorithm includes an image matching procedure in which parallax components are determined by automatically correlating conjugate image features. The algorithm is adaptive arid can handle various types of sensor and natural terrain conditions. Reliability monitoring of the output terrain data is per-formed on the basis of the in-process analysis of local image areas. The re-liability measure dictates various strategies that the algorithm can apply

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20. Continued

in image areas where automatic correlation is difficult.

The algorithm was implemented on a distributive network of parallel digital processors. In this system, production speed is attained because of the inherent parallelism of the modular processors. Flexibility is maintained because the processors are microprogrammable. In this way, new sensor imaging characteristics and new algorithm strategies can be incorporated without disturbing the fundamental software and hardware structure of the system. Production times for compiling a representative stereo model on this parallel configuration far exceed the capability of general-purpose computers.

Based on the benchmark implementation, a production system has been designed which incorporates a full interactive image display capability. This allows an operator to interactively monitor, control, and edit the stereo compilation processes by means of a stereo CRT display, keyboard, and trackballs.

10




ETL-0169 AD-A071 741 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT II PERIOD COVERED

A REPORT ON ATMOSPHERIC OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISIBILITY. Final Report VOLUME I - Study Results 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

RC 168-001 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Victor J. Lujetic DAAK70-78-C-0109

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS

RAMCOR, Inc. 800 Follin Lane Vienna, VA 22180


U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979 Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

112 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf different from Controll/nf Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thlo report)

Unclassified I Se. DECL ASSI Fl CATI ON/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebetract entered In Block 20, It different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverae •id• II n•c•••at'Y and ldentlly by block number)

Absorption Lights Visibility Atmospheric Meteorological Visibility Instruments Atmospheric Obstructions Meteorological Range Visual Detection Attenuation Coefficients Reflectance Visual Range Contrast Scattering

2Q, ABSTRACT ('roatlau• .,, ,.,..r .. •£6 ff,,_...,, ...t ldenllfT by block number)

The aims and objectives of this report were to collect and assimilate information and synthesize data on the effects of atmospheric obstructions to visibility for the non-specialist. The following areas were addressed;

A general discussion of the visible wavelengths, overall electromagnetic spectrum, radiometric and photometric quantities and concepts, and other visibility parameters.

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20. Continued

The human eye, nature of visibility, and the atmospheric effects on detection range.

A description of those obstructions to visibility as listed in the Federal Meteorological Handbook on surface observations.

A description of the primary visual instruments.

The practicality of developing techniques that could be used to determine the effects of atmospheric obstructions on visibility and some typical charts and graphs.

A summary of the extensive literature search performed.

12

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY Cl.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dete Entered)


1. REPORT NUMBER ,2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0170 AD-A071 742 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT! PERIOD COVERED

A REPORT ON ATMOSPHERIC OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISIBILITY. Final Reno rt VOLUME II - Results of Literature Search 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

RC 168-001 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Victor J. Lujetic DAAK.70- 78-C-O 109


RAMCOR, Inc. AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS

800 Follin Lane Vienna, VA 22180

11. CONTROL.l.ING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT D,,TE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

79 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME II ADDRESS(ll dlllerent lrom Controlllnl Otllce) 15. SECURITY CL ASS. (ol th/• report)

Unclassified !Se. DECL ASS! Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDUL.E

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol Ihle Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abetrect entered /n Block 20, II dllterent lrom Report)

18. SUPPL.EMENTARY NOTES

19. KEV WORDS (Contlnue on revet•• •Ide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Absorption Lights Visibility Atmospheric Meteorological Visibility Instruments Atmospheric Obstructions Meteorological Range Visual Detection Attenuation Coefficients Reflectance Visual Range Contrast Scattering

20. ABSTl'IAC:T (C'outlaue - renr- eb11e fl,,..,.....,,. - ldenlllT by block numb.,.)

The aims and objectives of this report were to collect and assimilate information and,synthesize data on the effects of atmospheric obstructions to visibility. A large part of the total study effort involved an extensive lit-erature search and compilation of a reference and abstract bibliography related to atmospheric effects on visibility. This Volume II includes both the ex ten-sive bibliography and abstracts of selected publications related to atmospheric obstructions to visibility and related topics. The information contained in this volume was oriented to the non-specialist.

DD FORM I JAN 7l 1m EDITION OF' I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

13~~~~~~~-=----=-=--=c-=:---::--~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (lrlren Dele Entered)


READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMEHT ATIOH PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER r GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0171 AD-A071 751 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORTS. PERIOD COVERED

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LITERATURE SEARCH CONCERNING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOILS AND PLANTS IN ARID AND Contract Report SEMI-ARID REGIONS IN NORTH AMERICA 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(•) B. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Michael Inglis Denise Glore Lynn Price DAAK 70-78-M-3292 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Technology Application Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories no~~-~.,. .. 107.Q

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

393 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf different from Controlllnl Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified 1Sa. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of lhl• Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abatract entered In Block 20, It different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continua on reverH elda If nac•••"'Y and Identity by block number)

Arid/semi-arid climates Plant indicator(s) Bibliography Plant/soil water relationships Environmental factors Soils Phytogeography Vegetation

20. ABSTRACT ('Cmt&lua - rayer .. ef6 ff - - ldentlt,. by block numb ... )

A review of 79 journals, professional papers, and other periodicals for the period January 1950 through 1978, identified approximately 400 published references pertaining to plant species or plant communities as indicators of general or specific environmental conditions in the arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States. A matrix illustrating the vegetation/factor inter-relationship(s), and the reference describing the relationship (s) was pro-duced for easy recognition and accession of specific abstracts provided.

DD FORM \JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE 14 UNCLASSIFIED

SEC~U R;;:;l~TY:;-:C;:;-L-:-ASS=I F::-:IC:-::A=:Tl=:ON~O:c:F:-cTH:::-:1 s'""P,__A-,-,GE=-(-=1'1tan:--..,-Da-ta-E-ntered)




ETL-0172 AD-A076 342 4. TITLE (and Subtltte) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

INTERACTIVE DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING INVESTIGATION Final Report


7. AUTHOR(•) a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

w. c. Rice J. s. Shipman R. J. Spieler DAAK70-77-C-0166


International Business Machines Corporation AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS

18100 Frederick Pike Gaithersburg, Maryland 20760


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories December 1978 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

175 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf dlltorent from Controlllntl Oltlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ot thlo report)

Unclassified 15e. DECL ASSI Fl CATI ON/ DOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol th/• Report)


17, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot the •b•lrecl entered In Bloclc 20, II dlllerent from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• eld• If nec•••ary and ldentlly by block number)

Classification Pattern recognition Digital image processing Photogrammetry Feature extraction Remote sensing

20.. A8ST1'1AC:T (Coat/au• - ,.,,., .. •la If,,__...,. - ldenllfT by bloclc numb•r)

The objective of this investigation was to develop an interactive soft-ware package of general utility that can be used to support experiments and evaluate a class of interactive/automatic digital techniques whose goa.l is feature extraction/exploitation. The initial task was to survey and select techniques, algorithms and supporting functions that were to be included in the system. A maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm, and an unsupervised classification (clustering) method based on the ISODATA algorithm were selected. These and the associated support and evaluation functions were

FORM I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 6$ IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

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20. Continued

developed and implemented on the ETL Digital Image Analysis Laboratory (DIAL). Testing of the system was accomplished by performing experiments on areas for which both multi-dimensional images and ground truth were available. Analysis of experimental results validated the system. These experimental results were in good agreement with ground truth and further, supervised and unsupervised classification results were in substantial agreement. This report describes the data processing algorithms/techniques, software system, user guide information, and the experiment procedures used along with their results.

16

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)


I. REPORT NUMBER r GOVT ACCESSION NO. J. RECIPIENT'S CATAL.OG NUMBER

ETL-0173 AD-A080 355 4. TITL.E (and Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT a PERICO COVERED

STAR PATTERN RECOGNITION AND SPACECRAFT Contract Report ATTITUDE DETERMINATION


7. AUTHOR(•) a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

John L. Junkins Thomas E. Strikwerda DAAK70-78-C-0038 L. Glenn Kraige

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM EL.EM ENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ. Engineering Science and Mechanics Department Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

11. CONTROl..l..ING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories October 1978 Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

59 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lt dltlarent /roar Controllln/l Ottlce) IS. SECURITY CL.ASS. (ot thla report)

Unclassified I Sa. DECI.. ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWN GRADING

SCHEDUl..E

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot thlo Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot the abotract entered In Block 20, It dltterent lrom Report)

I~ SUPPL.EMENTARYNOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on rever•• •Id• If nec•••ary 1111d Identity by block number)

Attitude determination navigation CCD spacecraft Kalman filter microcomputer

20. ABSTRACT (Corrtlaua - re.-.r- oldJo It,,..,.. • .,,.. - ldenJ/ty by block number)

A new strapped-down system for on-board, real-time spacecraft attitude deter-mination is discussed. The electro-optical system is capable of sub-tenarc se-cond precision with no moving parts. The light-sensitive element is an array-type Charged Coupled Device (CCD) having about 2 x 105 silicon pixels.Parrellel, high speed analog circuits scan the pixels (row by row) to locate and A/D con-vert only those pixel response values (about 100 to 200 per scan) about a pre-set analog threshold. Angular rate measurements from conventional rate gyros are used to estimate motion continuously. Three intermittently communicating

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17 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When D•t• Entered)

20. Continued

microcomputers operate in parallel to perform the functions: (i) star image centroid determination, (ii) star pattern identification and discrete attitude estimation (subsets of measured stars are identified as specific cataloged stars), (iii) optimal Kalman attitude motion estimation/integration. The system is designed to be self-calibrating with provision for routine updating of interlock angles, gyro bias parameters, and other system calibration parameters. For redundancy and improved precision, two optical ports are employed. This interim report documents Phase I of a three phase effort to research, develop, and laboratory test the basic concepts of this new system. Included in Phase I is definition, formulation, and test of the basic algorithms, including preliminary implementations and results from a laboratory microcomputer system.

18

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wiren Data Entered)


1. REPORT NUMBER r· GOVT ACCESSION NO • 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0175 AD-A07 l 723 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION FROM LANDSAT DATA: Final Report PHASE III OF A JOINT OCE/NASA DEMONSTRATION


7. AU THOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Richard N. Foreman

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979 Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

70 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(ll different from Controlllnl Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Corps of Engineers Remote Sensing Committee HQDA (DAEN-CWM) Unclassified Forrestal Bldg. 15a. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

Washington, DC 20314 SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of lhl• Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ab•trect entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEV WORDS (Continue on revere• eld• II nec•••ary and ldentlly by block number)

Aerial Photography Land Cover Corps of Engineers Digital Analysis LANDSAT NASA Environmental Information Multispectrol Scanner Data ERTS

20. ABSrRACT (Cantlau• - rever .. •£6 II,,..,., •• ..,,, imd ldenllly by block number)

Engineers and NASA's Laboratory conducted a joint The Corps of Earth Resources demonstration of the production of land cover classification data from LANDSAT data. This report describes Phase III of the demonstration, in which classif i-

and data were· produced for two Corps of Engineer District Wil-cation maps mington District, an area in the upper Roanoke River basin of Virginia; and

Jacksonville District, an area along the route of the Cross Florida Barge Canal The report includes the Districts' evaluations of the accuracy and applicabilit of the classifications and cost information for Phase III of the demonstration.

DD FORM 1JAN73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 tS OBSOLETE 19 __ _ UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLAS!>.rlCATrON OF THIS PAGE (When Dete Entered)

20. Continued

The report also includes cost information for the application of interdisciplinary analysis of aerial photography as a means of obtaining land cover and environmental data.

LANDSAT data may be cost-effective for identifying and showing the distribution of general types of land cover for large areas, although some land cover types may not be identifiable on a particular LANDSAT scene. Interdisciplinary analysis of aerial photography identifies and explains in a technical report the distribution of land cover. The extra detail of the report and the ability to ensure that specific land cover types are studied may make interdisciplinary analysis of aerial photography cost-effective for limited study areas.

20

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dete Entered)



ETL-0176 AD-A066 944 4. Tl TL E (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOO COVERED

INFERENTIAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL DEPTH Research Note

DETERMINATIONS, PART II: ARTEMISIA FILIFOLIA TORR. (Sand Sagebrush) 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Miklos Treiber Alan E. Krusinger

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AD:JRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 4Al61102B52C

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979

13. NUMBER OF PAGES Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 29

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADORESS(lf different from Conlro/llnQ Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thla report)

Unclassified I Se. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWN GRACING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of lhe ebalrecl entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• •Id• II nec•••ary 1111d Identify by block number)

20. ABSTilACr (Coatlau• - renr .. ala II,,.,.,.. • .,,, - ldenllly by block number)

The objective of this work was to determine the reliability of a desert shrub, ARTEMISIA FILIFOLIA (Sand Sagebrush) as an indicator of soil depth. Near Lake Powell, Arizona/Utah; Hurricane, Utah; and St. George, Utah, more than 480 siol-depth-to-bedrock measurements were made in A. FILIFOLIA conununities, in transitional, mixed conununities, and in adjacent plant communities that did not contain A. FILIFOLIA. It was learned that the presence of ARTEMISIA FILIFOLIA reliably indicates that the depth of the soil mantle over the bed-rock is greater than 1 meter.

DO I ~~ .. 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED 21~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (11'1'en D•I• Entered)


REPORT DOCUMENT A TIOH PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

I. REPORT NUMBER 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0177 AD-A072 628 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOO COVERED

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE USE OF CONVENTIONAL FILMS Contract Report IN THE ETL CARTOGRAPHIC EBR


4006 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

DAAK70-77-C-0163 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS Image Graphics, Inc. 107 Ardmore Street Fairfield, CT 06430

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT D~.TE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979 Fort Bel voir, Virginia 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

41 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AODRESS(lf different from Controllln/I Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol Ihle report)

Unclassified 15a, DECLASSI Fl CATION/ OOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebatract entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• •Id• II nec•••ary and Identify by block number)

Electrical Characteristics of Film Film Charging Electron beam recording film Film Conductivity

20. ABSTRACT (C<mtlaue - renrM no ff,,.,.,......,. - ldenlllT by block number)

DD

Conventional photographic films sensitive to electrons may be used in the ETL Cartographi'c EBR provided that image distortions caused by deflection of the electron beam due to electric charge accumulation on the film is within accept able limits. Various techniques for minimizing film charging problems were investigated and practical solutions are discussed.

FORll \JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF t NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

22.7===-=:--:-~=:-:-=-:--:-::-=---~-.,,,---.,,....-.....,,.... SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (""-n Dela Entered)




ETL-0178 AD-A068 715 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

TERRAIN ANALYSIS PROCEDURAL GUIDE FOR VEGETATION (Report No. 1 in the ETL Series on Guides for Special Report Army Terrain Analysts) 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Jeffrey A. Messmore Theodore C. Vogel Alexander R. Pearson

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AlJDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA A WORK UNIT NUMBERS

MGI Data Processing and Products Division u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir VA 22060 4A762707A855


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

2flll 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADORESS(lf different from Controlllnll Olllce) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified 1Sa. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thla Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ab•tract enterad In Block 20, If different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverH •Id• If necH•ery ...,d Identify by block number)

Factor Mapping Terrain Analysis Remote Sensing Thematic Mapping Photo Interpretation Vegetation

20.. ABST'RAC:T ('Qmtlilu• - rever- 1116 II,,__...,. - ld•nllfy by block number)

This procedural guide provides the U.S.Army Terrain Analyst with the necessary step-by-step procedures to be used in generation of vegetation factor overlays and supportive data tables. Three potential sources of information on vegeta-tion are considered: (1) military topographic maps, (2) literature, and (3) aerial imagery. Procedures are presented for each of 13 data elements that characterize vegetation of the geographic area of interest. The included appen dixes provide the Terrain Analyst with additional reference information.

DO FORM I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 155 IS OBSOLETE

23 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE("""" Data Entered)

-




ETL-0179 AD-A068 747

4. TITLE (1tr1d Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT II PERIOD COVERED

Analysis, Storage and Retrieval of Elevation Research Note Data With Applications to Improve Penetration 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Allen Klinger 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS Computer Sciences Laboratory us Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories R3205 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060


US Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories March 1979

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

15 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME II ADDRESS(lt dltferant from Controlling Ottlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thlo tepott)

UNCLASSIFIED 15a. DECL ASSI FICA TION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Ihle Report)

Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the obattact anlered In Block 20, It d/Uetenl from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on rever•• •Ide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

mapping storage elevation data retrieval contour maps trajectory guidance penetration tree structure

20. Al!ISTRAC:T (Continue - ,.,,., .. 0£6 II - - /denllty by block number)

A ·method to use terrain elevation data for guidance is presented. Tree structure representation of contour trend data over regions is the basis of the method. Regions of different sizes obtained by quartering given elevation matrices are used; region size corresponds to tree position.

Two computer functions are discussed: analysis methods to use tree-structered contour-trend information, suitable for onboard in flight computations; and storage reduction methods to present elevation data as a

DD FORM I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV.65 tS OBSOLETE

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20. Continued

new digital mapping product (tree-structured contour-trend data),computable off-line on the USAETL Computer Sciences Laboratory STARAN array processor.

Six figures detailing the analytic and data storage concepts discussed are given. An example illustrating the improved penetration possible from these methods is presented.

25


REPORT DOCUMENT ATIOH PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER ,2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IN-HOUSE AND CONTRACT Bibliography, Supplement 7 REPORTS, SUPPLEMENT 7 I T-- 7A - 11 "'- 7A



E. James Books

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, VA 22060


U. S. Army Engineer Togographic Laboratories April 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 2206 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

69 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AOORESS(ll dll!erenl from Contro/llnll Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol thlo report)

Unclassified 15a. ~t'~h~J~IJ'ICATION/ DOWNGRADING

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol lhlo Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abotract entered In Block 20, II dlllerent lrom Report)

18. SUPPUEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revet•• •Ide II nec•••ary and Identify by block number)

20. ABSTRACT (Carn/Du• ..,. ,..,,.r_ ola Et ,,..,_...,. - ldenllly by block number)

This is supplement 7 to the report titled "Bibliography of In-House and con-tract reports, II (AD-877 6531), (Supplement 1, AD-890 0661), (Supplement 2, AD-905 5481), (Supplement 3, AD-BOOS 2751), (Supplement 4, AD-BOlO 6421), (Supplement 5, AD-B019 9661), (Supplement 6, AD-AOSS 468). It is a continuing bibliography of reports prepared by and for the U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories (USAETL), Fort Belvoir, VA. This bibliography includes reports published from 1 January 1978 through 31 December 1978.


26 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (lnren D•t• Entered)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered)


I. REPORT NUMBER ,2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0181 AD-A071 752 4. TITL.E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

INVESTIGATION OF LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS FOR Final 4/78 -- 4/79 AUTOMATIC CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS


TA - 79 - 1 - 1 1. AUTHOR(•) e. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

R. L. Pickholtz M. Movahed

DAAK 70 -s. s. Murty 78 - c - 0045 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM EL.EM ENT, PROJECT, TASK

Telecommunications Associates AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

3613 Glenbrook Rd 6.11.02A

Fairfax, VA 22031 4Al6110 2B52C 1852CS20012

11. CONTROL.l.ING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

U. S. Arm~ Aoril 1979 Engineer opographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 182 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADORESS(/I d/lferent from ControlllnQ Otllce) 15. SECURITY CL.ASS. (of Ihle report)

Unclassified 15e. DECL.ASSIFICATION7DOWNGRADING

SCHEOUL.E

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of th/a Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abalrecl entered In Block 20, II dllferent from Report)


19. KEV WORDS (Continue on revere• aid• II neceeaary and Identify by block number)

Cartography Image Analysis Transforms

2Q, ABS~ACT (Coatfnu• - ,.,,.,_ alb ff,,...,_ • ..,. szd ldenlllT by block number)

This report contains a summary of the investigation in applying linear trans-forms such as Fourier, Bessel, Walsh-Hadamard, Slant and Discrete Cosine to cartographic analysis. Recommendations are made and hardware and software implementations are proposed.

DO FORM I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 155 IS O&SOL.ETE UNCLASSIFIED

27~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("1ten Date Entered)



I. REPORT NUMBER r GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0182 AD-A071 S26 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM FOR Contr"r.t R<>nnrt EVALUATION OF LBR SYSTEMS 6. PERFORMING DRG. REPORT NUMBER


Dr. N. Balasubramanian DAAK 70-78-C-012S


Bala AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

P. o. Box 884 Cupertino, CA 9S014

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND AODRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories April 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

SS 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(lf different from Controllln/l Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thlo report)

UNCLASSIFIED 15e. ~E.ff~J~1if1CATIONt DOWNGRADING



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebotrect entered In Block 20, If different from Report)

IB. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverae elde If neceaaary md Identity by block number)

LBR Design LBR Testing

20. ABSTRACT (CoQtlau• - ,.,.., .. olo ff,,_...,, - ldenllfT by block number)

Design and characteristics of an experimental laser beam recording system (LBR) is presented. The experimental LBR has a scanning subsystem serving both as an image sampler and an image recorder. Specific recommendations for an experi-mental program are outlined to evaluate EBR parameters and trade offs for selected applications.


28 UNCLASSIFIED S EC~U :::Rl-=TY::-:::CL-:A:":"SS:'.:'.I F=:-1-=-c A:-::T::-:10:::-:N:-:O:-::F-::TH::c-:-::I S-::P-:-AG::-::E::-(:=tnren:---=-De-t e-:1!::-ntered)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered)


I. REPORT NUMBER 12· GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0183 AD-A080 909 4. TITL.E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

DECISION PATH APPROACH TO GUIDANCE FOR Technical Report

CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL TEST PLANNING 1 Oct 1978 - 1 May 1979

(MIL-STD-810C) 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


J. w. Hamilton s. Cohen DAAK70-78-C-0026


ManTech of New Jersey Corporation AREA 8 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

6110 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852

11. CONTROL.L.ING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories April 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

132 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 8 ADDRESS(/{ dltferent from ControlllnQ Olllce) IS. SECURITY CL.ASS. (of thla report)

Unclassified I Sa. DECL.ASSI FICATION/ DOWN GRADING

SCHEDUL.E

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Ihle Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the •betracl entered in Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on r•v•r•• •Id• II n•c•••ary and Identify by block number)

Logic Tree Test Parameters Multi-Factor Test Life Cycle Profile Logic Path Human Factors Synergistic Effects Environmental Factor Decision Path Test Methods Evaluation Criteria Environmental Testing Test Guidance Test Planning Composite Exposure Sequence Test Design Single-Factor Test Climatic Environmental Profile 2Qh A~Tl'l'i_CT (Cam.liau• .. ,. ... r• e£6 II,,_....,,. ...t. ldenllly by block numb.,) T e ec sion path method developed in this report provides a step-by-step logica] approach to guidance for users of MIL-STD-810C. The method comprises systematic procedures for characterizing items of materiel and defining environments prior to designing tests. It is equally applicable as a general approach to all cli-ma tic environmental tests and as a specific approach to each climatic environ-mental test method in the Standard. Us'e of this approach should contribute to a better understanding of the MIL-STD's purpose, enhance its utility, and promote better correlation of test results.

FOR .. I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOL.ETE

2 UNCLASSIFIED 9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (ll'hen Dale Entered)




ETL-0184 AD-A076 109 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT ll PERIOD COVERED

FOURIER TRANSFORM AUTOCORRELATION Research Note 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Michael M. McDonnell

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK

Research Institute AREA ll WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 4Al61101A91D


u. s. Army Engineer Anr-11 I q7q Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 33 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 8c ADDRESS(I/ different from Controlllnll Olltce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

Unclassified 15a. DECLASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ab•tract entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• •Ide II neceaaary 11nd Identity by block number)

Fourier Transform Optical Processing

20. ABSTRACT (Cmtmu• - ,.,,... .. ale ft,,_.....,, - ldenlllr by block number)

This report describes a device which can take a complete Fourier transform of the intensity transmittance of a photographic transparency. The transform is taken by purely optical means. A complete system analysis is presented, and some results of experiments with the device are described.

DD FORIJI 1 JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF t NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

30~~~~~UN_C_LA~S_S_I_F_IE_D~~~~~-sEcuR1Tv CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PllGE (lrlten Date Entered)


REPORT DOCUMEHT A TIOH PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM


ETL-0185 AD-A076 110 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

SIGNAL SIGNATURES OF TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES USING ANALOG TECHNOLOGY Research Note



Pi-Fuay Chen William W. Seemuller

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 4Al61101A91D

It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories May 1979 Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

33 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a AODRESS(lf different from Controlllnll Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thla raport)

Unclassified IS•. OECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE


Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of tha ebatrecl entered In Block 20, If different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• elde Jl nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Topographic Feature Extraction, Orthogonal Functions Solid State Sensor Arrays Walsh Transforms

20, ABSTIIAC:T (C"ozrtiau• - ,.,..,_ ala ff,,..,.. • .,,. a>d. lden.tlfT by block number) Si.gnai. si.gnai:ures ana signatures of various spectral decompositions of selected topmgraphic features, such as line roads, road intersections, and rectangular buildings, were developed by using analog signal processing techniques. The signal signatures were con-structed in the spatial domain, and the corresponding signatures of various spec-tral components were obtained in the Walsh transform domain. An electronic system for generating two-dimensional Walsh functions for decomposition of topographic

features was designed and built. A scheme for detecting the decomposed spectral' components using an analo2 nl"O"'"'"~~ '"'"" n.- .. .,~~ .. ~..:i

DD FORM I JAM 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

31~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-SECURITY CLASSIFICATJOp.f OF THIS PAGE ("hen Date Entered)




ETL-0186 AD-A076 566 4. F'£KSfB'£fr'¥~'ebF USING OPTICAL POWER SPECTRUM

5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMATIC FEATURE Contract Report CLASSIFICATION FROM HIGH RESOLUTION THERMAL,

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER RADAR, AND PANCHROMATIC IMAGERY KS 77-370 MS 79-404


Harvey L. Kasdan DAAK70-78-C-0019

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Recognition Systems, Inc. 15531 Cabrito Road Van Nuvs CA 91406

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer June 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir VA 22060 182 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ll ADDRESS(/I dlllerent lrorn Conlrolllnl Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol lhlo report)

Unclassified Isa. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWN GRACING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol lht. Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the •batract entered In Block 20, II dlllerent lrorn Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on 1ever•• aid• II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Optical Power Spectrum Analysis Thermal Imagery Processing Terrain Classification Coherent Optics Panchromatic Imagery Processing Optical Processing Radar Imagery Processing

20. ABSTilACT (Cmflau• - rererM Iola ff,,.,.,.....,. - /denlllT by block numb.,)

DD

The objective of this study was to determine experimentally the feasibility of using optical power spectrum analysis techniques for automatic topographic feature classification from high resolution radar, panchromatic and thermal imagery. A data base of radar, panchromatic and thermal imagery was assembled. Radar and panchromatic imagery were available over the same geographical area with the same scale and perspective. An optical power spectrum data base of 6,216 individual aperture samples from the three types of imagery was col-lected.

FORlll I JAN 73

Included in this data base were samples over the same area with

1473 EDITION OF t NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

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20. Continued

different aperture sizes. Feature analysis and decision software required in addition to standard FACEL routines was developed. Using this software, features and a decision rule were developed for radar imagery that achieved 90% correct classification of four classes of terrain. A quantitative statistical analysis was performed to determine the effects of aperture and sensor type on the performance of the optical power spectrum based features. In addition, a qualitative analysis was performed in order to present examples that illustrate signature differences between radar and panchromatic imagery.

The following general conclusions were drawn from this study:

(1) There are statistically significant performance differences for optical power spectrum based algorithms for radar, panchromatic and thermal sensors.

(2) No statistically significant trend is evident associating better or worse performance as aperture size increases that is independent of the imagery type.

(3) For a given type of imagery, there is a statistically significant variation in decision performance that depends on aperture size.

(4) For the samples used in this study, the single best sensor is radar. It is presumed that this is because of the greater texture variations present in radar imagery compared to panchromatic or thermal.

(5) No single sensor performs best for all classes. The results of this study would lead to the follow-ing choi~es for the detection of particular terrain types:

a. Urban panchromatic

b. Water radar or panchromatic

c. Agriculture radar

d. Forest thermal or radar

33




ETL-0187 AD-A076 266 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) s. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC INSTRUMENTATION FOR MONITORING Contract Report MOVEMENTS OF DAMS 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Joel B. Smith Sharon McAllister


New Mexico State University AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

P. o. Box 3-PSL Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003


u. s. Army Engineer May 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 41 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 ADDRESS(ll dllferenl from Controlllnl Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thla report)

Unclassified I Se. DECLASSIFICATION! DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the eb•lrecl entered In Block :ZO, II dllferent from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverae •Ide JI necit••ary .-id ldentlly by block number)

Automatic Monitoring Dam Safety Deformation Precise Survey

20. ABSTilACT (Cootmu• - ,.,..r_ •£6 fl,,_..._., - ldentllT by block number)

A study was undertaken to determine a method or methods for monitoring movements of large concrete dams. A fully automated instrument system based on this method was to be designed for use in darn failure monitoring.

A literature search for possible methods and comparision of capabilities includ-ing atmospheric refraction error modeling of optical systems lead to the select-ion of laser ranging as the best method for measuring darn deflection. The system developed

DD FORM I .JAN 73

consists of a laser range meter pointed at an array of retroflectors

1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED 34--==--=---=--=-=-=-~-=-=~~~--~~~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATJOl'f OF THIS PAGE (IPben Date Entered)

20. Continued

on the dam by a computer controlled azimuth-elevation instrumentation mount. The computer also handles data collection and correction and reports to a remote terminal at the dam operator's site.

35




ETL-0188 AD-A076 119 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

RADAR IMAGE SIMULATION OF SEASONALLY Mar 27, 78 - Sept 27, 78 DEPENDENT REFERENCE SCENES Contract Report


RSL Technical Report 370-2 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

J. c. Holtzman v. H. Kaupp J. A. Stiles J. E. Bare E. E. Komp v. s. Frost DAAK70-78-C-0062

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME" AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

2291 Irving Hill Drive Lawrence, Kansas 66045

--II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Aoril 1979 u. 13. NUMBER OF PAGES Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 227

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(ll different from ControlllnQ Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ot thlo report)

Unclassified I Sa. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWN GRACING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of lhla Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abotracl entered In Block 20, II dlltorent from Report)

-


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on tevet•• aide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

20. ABSTRACT (C'aat/mJ• .. revwr .. •ia ft ,,..,... • ..,. - ldenllty by block number)

The results are reported from applying radar image simulation to produce simu-lated reference scenes of winter conditions for a missile guidance usage. A data base was constructed of the Watertown, New York, test site and simulated radar images were generated. The data base was prepared from historical data for an "average" winter at the test site. Simulated radar images were produced via the point scattering model and an empirical model was used for predicting the elect romagnetic reflectan~e from the ground, its cover, and overlying snow. Copies of the simulated radar images are included.

DD FORlll I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

36 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATIOPf OF THIS PAGE ("hen Dela Entered)

20. Continued

The results reported were obtained for four (4) simulations corr.esponding to four specific altitudes in the terminal phases of the trajectory of a guided missile, each successively lower. The simulated images have been produced for testing against actual radar data of the same site via the Correlatron*. These tests have not been performed as the actual radar data have not yet been obtained.

*Correlatron is a two-dimensional cross-correlation measuring device manufactured by Goodyear Corporation and installed at ETL.

37




ETL-0189 AD-A076 148

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) s. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED

AUTOMATIC FEATURE EXTRACTION: Contract Report AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


DAAK70-78-C-0195


Logical Technical Services Corporation AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

311 Maple Avenue West Vienna, Virginia 22180


u. s. Army Engineer May 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 404 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 ADDRESS(lt dltlerenl tram ControlllnQ Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol thla report)

Unt'lac:c;i fi f>n 1Sa. DECL ASSI FICAT10N/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the ab•tract entered In Block 20, It dltlerent lrom Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Contlnue on rever•• aide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Aerial Photographic Interpretation Automatic Compilation Airphoto Interpretation Automatic Detection Automated Cartography Automatic Feature Extraction Automated Map Compilation Automatic Interpretation

20. ABSTRACT ('Coatlaue - ,.,..r_ olo If ,,_..."'Y - ldenlltr by block number)

An annotated bibliography was prepared, consisting of reports, papers, arti-cles, proceedings, and significant collections dealing with Automatic Feature Extraction from continuous tone imagery, in order to meet the research and operational needs of workers responsible for topographic mapping and prepara-tion of military geographic information (MGI). A listing of forty-two key words was compiled for the bibliographic search, which was limited to unclassi fied work conducted in the United States and abroad from 1970 to the present.

DD FOR .. 1 JAii 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

38 SEC.-::U:-:R::l=T:-:Y-:C::L-A:-:SS::::-1 F=1:-:C:-:A:-:T::1=0:-:N-:O:-:F=T:::-Hc:-IS=P:-:A-:G:-::E:-(-::1'1ten=-----:D:-a-:-1a-=E:-nlered)

UNCLASSIFIED

19. Continued

Cartographic Feature Extraction Change Detection Color Edge Detection Digital Image Processing Edge Detection Feature Recognition Feature Selection Feature Tracking Geographic Data Bases Geographic Knowledge Sources Geologic Interpretation Image Analysis Image Enhancement Image Processing Image Science Image Signal Processing Image Transforms

20. Continued

Image Understanding Machine Perception Object Enhancement & Extraction Optical Image Processing Pattern Classification Pattern Recognition Picture Processing Raster Devices Reconnaissance Systems Relaxation Remote Sensing Scene Analysis Scene Interpretation Scene Segmentation Situation Recognition Surveillance Science Symbolization

Twenty-one data bases were searched, as well as other pertinent bibliographic references. Some 12,000 to 15,000 abstracts were obtained_,_ examined~and culled. The abstracts were supplied by the author(s) or by data base editors; some abstracts were edited by project personnel for clarity or to achieve a manageable test length. The bibliographic entries are categorized in a separate index according to the specific techniques and methods being reported. The rationale for the categorization is explained. A personal author index is supplied. Collections are excluded from the author and category indexes, since the scope of this material does not lend itself to categorization.

39





THE USE AND CALIBRATION OF DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR PRECISE MENSURATION OF DAMS

(REVISED) 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Kenneth D. Robertson

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS u. s. Army Engineer

Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 R81RI0003


u. s. Army Engineer June 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 70 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME II ADDRESS(lf dlflerent from Controlllnll Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol thla report)

Unclassified 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abotract entered In Block 20, If dlflerent lrom Reporl)


Previous Report of same title is AD-A023 759.

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveroe old• If neceHary and Identity by block number)

Dam Deformation Dam Safety Distance Measurements Mensuration Precise Survey

20. ABSTRACT (C'atttlau• - ,.,,.,_ na ff,,_..._,. - ldentlf:r l>y block nwnb«)

This report is intended as a practical guide to land surveyors who use distance measuring equipment (DME) for making precise measurements of movements in dams and other large structures. The report consists of two parts: First, DME cali-brat ion, error sources, atmospheric corrections and correct use; Second, special techniques of trilateration and data reduction for precise mensuration on dams. This revised report contains several new sections dealing with error estimation, adjustment, and refractive index corrections.

DD FORM 1 JAN 73 1'73 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

40.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (-Data Entered)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (W!ren Data Entorod)



ETL-0191 AD-A070 523 4. TITLE (and Subtltlo) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

FEATURE EXTRACTION ON THE ILLIAC IV Contract Report


77-15/1 7. AUTHOR(•) a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Richard M. Brown Marsha J. Hannah

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Institute for Advanced Computation 1095 East Duane Avenue Sunnvvale California 94086 11R32050100


Mav 1979 U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir Virninia 22060 ·n 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME A ADDRESS(lt dltforent from Contro/llnQ Otflco) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thlo roport)

llnclassified 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE


Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the eb•tract entered In Bloclc 20, It different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• eid• II nec•••at'J' and Identity by block number)

Texture Extraction Texture Algorithms Spatial Dependence Matrices Digitized Aerial Images MAX-MIN Technique Pixels Software Systems ILLIAC IV Parallel Processor

20. ABSTRACT ~Iaue - ,.,..,_ •lft Et,,_..._, - ldenlllT by bloclc numl>h) IAC has developed texture extraction programs t at run on the ILLIAC IV

It has used these programs to extract two different texture barallel processor. measures from 32 aerial images provided by ETL. These textures are based on the

~IX-MIN technique and on the computation of spatial dependence matrices. This

~eport provides high-level descriptions of the texture algorithms, the· software

system created to implement these algorithms, the test and verification efforts, and

DD

the results and conclusions.

FORM I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 t$ OBSOLETE

41 ~~~~~U~N_C~LA~S_S~IF~I=E=D'--~~~~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("1ten Data Entered)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wlu•n D"'" Ent•r•d)

REPORT DOCUMENT ATIOH PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

I. REPORT NUMBER 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATAL.OG NUMBER

ETL-0192 AD-A072 772 4. TITL.E (end Subtltl•) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS: TEST AND EVALUATION r'nT\tract Renort 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


David Casasent Sanjiv Natu DAAK70-78-C-0076

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM EL.EMENT. PROJECT, TASK

Department of Electrical Engineering AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

6.27.07.A Carnegie-Mellon University 4A762707A8SS Pittsburgh, PA 15213 oc;c;rf\f\1)07 11. CONTROL.l..ING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer July 1979

Topogralhic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Be voir VA 22060 140 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(tl dtll•renl lrorn Conlrollln/l Olllc•) IS. SECURITY CL.ASS. (ol th/e r•port)

Unclassified is ... DECL.ASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDUL.E

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol Ihle R•porl)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol lh• •b•lracl enl•r•d In Block 20, ti dtll•renl from R•porl)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• eld• II neceaeary and Identify by block number)

Liquid crystal light valve Optical data processing Photo-DKDP Spatial light modulators

20. AEIST"RAC::T (Caatiau• .,. ,..,..,_ •£• ff,,__..,,,, imd ld•nlllr by block number)

Real-time and reusable spatial light modulators are one of the key technological components necessary in optical data processors. The purpose of this contract is to investigate the test and evaluation procedures to be used with these new data processing devices. Specific attention was devoted to the photo-DKDP and the liquid crystal light valves. From detailed experiments performed on the LCLV, a spatially varying sensitometr' and contrast ratio and a voltage and frequency dependent sensitometry were ob-served. These issues were analyzed, modeled, and theoretically explained.

DD FORW I JAN73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOL.ETE

42 SEC"7U:-.:R::c1T=Y::--::C::cl..-:A:-.:SS=1:-.:F::-IC=A:-:T=1:-.:o""N,...O=-F=-=T=-H-:-:IS:-=:cP-:-A-::-G:::-E-:(="1ren~-=o=-.-=,-.-::E'"""n1•r•d)

UNCLASSIFIED

20. Continued

Complete sensitometry, resolution, and noise test data for the photo-DKDP were also obtained. From these experiments, we found a field dependent sensitometry of the Se photo-conductor used in this SLM. This makes the dynamic performance of the device superior to its static performance but makes interframe operations such as image addition and subtraction dif ficult. A theoretical analysis of this issue was performed and a suggestion to decrease the field dependence by proper device doping was advanced. From these extensive experiments on individual devices, a general test and evaluation procedure for SLMs was formulated. Issues addressed were sensitometry, resolution, and noise. The appropriateness of the various test procedures for resolution and noise measurements to various specific applications were also noted.

An extensive experimental program was also completed in which the photoDKDP SLM was used as the real-time input transducer for an optical addition and subtraction system, two optical pattern recognition correlators for text and aerial imagery, and two optical signal processors for ambiguity function computation. Comparison of the performance of the real-time SLM systems to similar systems using film as the input material and comparisons to the theoretically expected correlation output plane data were also included. In all cases, the real-time SLM system performed most accurately.

43

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Jllllen Date Bntered)


ETL-0193 lz. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

AD-A077 191 I. REPORT NUMBER

4. TITLE (end Subtitle)

FLOODPLAIN TREE SPECIES: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC LITERATURE SEARCH WITH ABSTRACTS

7. AUTHOR(•)

C. Ritchie Bell Jane Morley

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Department of Botany University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27514

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

U. S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir VA ??nkn

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf dllfetenl from Control/In/I Olllce)


5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

Contract Report 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

DAAK70-79-M-2525 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

AREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

4Al6l102B52C 12. REPORT DATE

September 1979 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

286 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of th/a repotl)

Unclassified ISe. ~~;M~tlllCATIONIDOWNGRADING


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebatrect enleted In Block 20, II different ftom Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revetH aide II neJ'i .. arydend Identify by block number)

bottomlands nun at1on E 1 plant ecology

co ogy plant flooding environment flood plains plant physiology

riparian flooding 20. AEISTilACT (Caatlau• - ,..,,.r .. a£6 11,,_.. • ...,. - ldenllfT by block number)

soil moisture tree species trees tolerances water depth

A thorough review of the scientific and technical literature for the period 195( through the present was conducted of the soil-water relationship of 25 "bottomland" or flood plain tree species commonly found in eastern North America. The 25 tree species, and a compiled list of 110 keywords associated with the flood plain environment of these species, guided the search of 6 computerized bibliographical data bases, 9 abstract and index listings, and 67 serial publications.

A brief abstract of the 281 references found applicable to the subject topic is

DD FORllt I JAN 73 EDITION OF I HOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

44 UNCLASSIFIED 1473 SF.CURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("1ten Date Bntorod)

20. Continued

provided, as are the citations for 67 references of a more general nature. A matrix was generated which consists of the 25 tree species, and 13 soil and water parameters, i.e. soil texture, soil moisture, soil chemistry, water table, soil type, flooding and plant physiology, plant age, flooding frequency and season, duration of inundation, flooding depth, water oxygen, seed germination, and general flooding. The number of the literature citation was entered in the matrix to expedite the use of this literature review for a specific species-factor interaction.

45

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)


1. REPORT NUMBER r GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATAL.OG NUMBER

ETL-0194 AD-A074 439

4. TITL.E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED Contract Report IMAGE ANALYSIS 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Henning F. Harmuth DAAK70-78-C-0147

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM EL.EMENT,PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Department of Electrical Engineering The Catholic University of America Washin"ton. DC 20064 11. CONTROL.L.ING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

u. s. Army Engineer August 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fl1rt R<> 1 urd r UA ? ?(lf';() 90 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(ll dllferent from Controlllntl Oltlce) 15. SECURITY CL.ASS. (ol thla report)

Unclassified ISa. ~~.iMiitl:ICATIONfDOWNGRADING

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of th/a Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the •batract entered In Block :ZO, II dlllerent from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on tev•r•• •Id• II neceaeary and Identify by block number)

Contour Recognition Feature Extraction Image Analysis Image Classification Image Processing

20. ABSTRACT (C"attUau• - ,.,,..r .. ala ff,,.,.,....,,, - lden.tlly by block number)

The automated contour recognition and classification in aerial photography re-quires a feature of contours that is invariant to shift, rotation and scaling. General polygons are characterized by their angles and their normalized sides. The normalization of the sides may be achieved by dividing either with the long-est side or with the circumference of the polygon. For a curved contour, the simplest invariant under shift and rotation is the curvature. To make the curvature invariant to scaling, one may divide it by the largest curvature or multiply it with the length of the contour; the multiplica-


46 SEC~U::R::c1T=v~C::-L-A'"'ss:-:-'.1 F~1'"'c'"'A-:T'"'"ro~N-O-F.,---T_H_IS_P_A_G __ E_(_._,._ ____ D_•_t.-E=-ntered)

UNCLASSIFIED

20. Continued

tion with the length of the contour is better because of the finite resolution of photographs and equipment. The principle of contour recognition and classification based on angles and curvature is worked out for practical displays that produce square patterns, such as liquid crystal or plasma tube displays. The mechanical and electronic design for experimental equipment is carried out based on a plasma tube display with 512 x 512 resolved points.

47

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entored)




AN EVALUATION OF CONVENTIONAL CORRELATION Research Note METHODS WHEN MATCHING INFRARED IMAGERY 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

TO PANCHROMATIC IMAGERY 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Michael A. Crombie

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK

Computer Sciences Laboratory AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 4A762707A855

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT 01\TE

u. s. Army Engineer August 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 33 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(lf different from Controllln/I Olllce) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified I Sa, ~E;~t3t1rf 1 CATI ON/ DOWN GRACI NG

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of lhla Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the •b•tract entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• •Ide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Base-height Ratio Multiple Regression Correlation Panchromatic Imagery Digital Pictures Parallax IR Imagery Signal Power

20. ABSTl'IACT (Om«laue - ,. ... , ... at• fl,,__..,,.. - lderttllT by block number)

In this report, a practical method of determining parallax by matching an infrared image to a corresponding panchromatic image using conventional correlation methods is evaluated using digitized aerial images. However, from the results of the study, the method was found to be unsatisfactory.

DD FOAM 1'73 EDITION OF t NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED I JAN 73

48::-=-=-~-:-=::'.'-::'":=c:~-=-=~-=c:=-'.=--::--:-:~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (lrhen Dale Entered)




ETL-0196 AD-A075 377 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT ll< PERIOD COVERED

COLOR INK-JET DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER



Mead Technology Laboratories AREA ll< WORK UNIT NUMBERS

3481 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, Ohio 45432


u. s. Army Engineer September 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 76 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ll< ADDRESS(/I dllletent lrom Conlrolllnll Oltlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of Ihle report)

Unclassified I Sa. ~E~f t~Llif 1 CATION/ DOWN GRACI NG

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol thle Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebatracl entered In Block 20, II different lrom Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• aid• II nec•••ary and Identify by block number)

Color copier Copier Ink-jet Reproduction

zo. AllSTI'IAC:T ('CcmUau• - renr .. ala fl - - /den.t/ly by block nwnb.,)

A demonstration program was conducted to evaluate the use of ink-jet imaging technology for color map reproduction. A single-color laboratory copier was modified for three-color operation by adding two additional scan towers and ink-jet arrays. Extensive ink compatibility testing was performed to insure adequate operation with the system and the high wet strength map paper. The demonstration proved that the desired resolution and geometric fidelity could be obtained. Samples with 300 line-per-inch resolution were produced. True color balance coulc not be achieved within the funding and schedule constraints of the program how-

DD FORM I JAN n 1473 EDITION OF t NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

4 UNCLASSIFIED 9~~~~~~~~~~~~-

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (ll'hen Dela Entered)

20. Continued

ever, due to the breadboard nature of the device and the need for additional, individual channel controls and improved system reliability.

so




ETL - 0197 AD-A076 203 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

MATERIALS RESEARCH FOR HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING (REPORT NO. 3, HARDENED GELATIN HOLOGRAPHIC Technical Report RECORDING MATERIALS) 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


James W. Gladden John W. Eastes

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. rROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 4Al61102B52C


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories September 1979

13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 I)')

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf dlllerent from ControlllnQ Ollie•) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified 15a. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thlo Reporl)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebottact entered In Block 20, II dllletenl ltom Repott)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES -

19. KEY WORDS (Continua on t•v•tH •Id• If neceuery end Identify by block number)

Diazo Photosensitive Materials Diazo Gelatin Silver Halide (Sensitized) Gelatin Dichromated Gelatin Holography Holographic Recording Materials

20. ABSTRACT ('C'aatlilu• - ,.,.., .. ala ff,,_..._, m>d ldenlllT by block nU11tber)

The results of a study of four different hardened gelatin holographic recording materials are reported. These are the dichromated, diazo, diazo resin, and silver halide (sensitized) gelatins. The report concludes that of the four photosensitive processes studied, the silver halide (sensitized) gelatin proces offers the most promising process characteristics.

The silver halide gelatin process is a new holographic recording process that can be used to prepare phase volume holograms in hardened gelatin.

DD FORM I JAM73 1'73 EDITION OF I NOV 65 rs· OBSOLETE

51~~~-U_N_C~L~AS~S_I_F_I~E~D-:-=-==-=---=---:=sEC:uR1TY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (-Dela Entered)

20. Cont'd

The process uses a reversal bleach that dissolves the developed silver metal image while further crosslinking the gelatin in the vicinity of the silver image. Upon fixing and with dehydration of the resulting gelatin hologram, one obtains recordings similar to those produced by the dichromated gelatin process. This is accomplish with exposures on the order of 200 to 500 µJ/cm 2 at 514.5 nm in a silver halide emulsion that has a panchromatic response. Furthermore, because the hologram has no silver halide present, the hologram does not exhibit the printout phenomena characteristic of bleached holograms.

52

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (11"1en Data Entered)




FINITE ELEMENT MODELS OF THE EARTH'· S GRAVITY FIELD PHASE IV

Contract Repoi::t 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


R. c. Engels, Assistant Prof"essor J. L. Junkins, Professor, PI DAAK70-78-C-0072


Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics Virginia Polytechnic Institute Blacksbur<>. VA 24061


u. s. Army Engineer October 1979 Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fnrt n,,1 .. ,..,ir VA 22n;;n 1 c;o 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf dllfetent from Controllln/I Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thla report)

Unclassified 15a. DECLASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE


Approved for Public Release; Distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the eb•lracl entered In Block 20, II different from Report)

ti. SUPPLEMENTARY NO~

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revet•• eld• It nec•••&ry and Identity by block number)

Finite Element Geodesy Gravity Guidance

20. ABSTRACT (C"ootlaue .. ,..,,.r .. •lo If ,,__.MY amt ldenJltr by block number)

Methods are developed and demonstrated for constructing piecewise local models

for gravity anomalies. The approach is shown to be computationally more

efficient (by a factor of about 20) than competing methods. The report includes

software listings and test cases.

FORM I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 rs OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

53~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (lr!ten Data Entered)




ETL--0200 AD-A076 112 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

~ WEIGHTED LINE-FINDING ALGORITHM Research Note 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


K. Abdoshah A. Klinger.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 R3205


September 1979 u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia ?1 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 8' ADDRESS(ll dlllerent from Controllln11 Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of th/a report)

Unclassified ISa. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ebetract entered In Block 20, II dlllerent from Report)

- -ta. -saPPt.EME-N~Y---NO'fE-S

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverae aid• II neceaaary end Identity by block number)

picture processing edge detection Hough transformation imagery colinear points, digital cartography pattern recognition line--finding transformation line detection weighted line--finding transformation

20. ABSTl'IACT ('C'oatlau• - rever .. ale El,,_....,,. .ad /denJlly by block number)

This paper introduces two new algorithms to detect a line in a digitized picture. The algorithms are compared with the Hough algorithm, and their computational advantage~ are shown. We discuss the potential for, and the use of, the algorithms in applications, including the use of imagery in digital cartography.

DD FORM I JAN73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

54 UNCLASSIFIED SE C"~U.,,..,Rl:=TY:-:-:::CCL.'"""'A:":'SS:::'.'I :::--:F 17C A:-:T:-10:-N-:Oc-::Fc-:T:-H-::I S-::P-AG=E=-(=lr!t:.-en--=:-Da-t a--,E::-n t ered)



1. REPORT NUMBER r GOVT ACCESSION NO . 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0202 AD-B044 152L 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) s. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED

TEST RESULTS OF THE LITTON LOW-COST SEMI- Technical Report STRAPPED-DOWN INERTIAL LAND NAVIGATION 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

SYSTEM 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

Jack L. Perrin

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS u. s. Army Engineer

Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 4A762707A855



Fort Belvoir. VA 22060 93 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a AODRESS(/I different from Controlllnll Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of th/a report)

Unclassified 1Sa. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol thla Report)

Distribution limited to U. s. Government Agencies only; Test and Evaluation; October 1979. Other requests for this document must be referred to: Commander and Director, u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abatract entered In Block 20, II different from Report)


19. KEV WORDS (Continue on l'everae aid• II nec•••aty and Identify by block number)

Artillery Survey System Elevation Determination Land Navigation Position Determination

20. ABSTI'IACT (C"omlau• .. raver .. ala fl,,..,.. • ..,. - ldenJlly by block nuarbar)

This report is the test results of the Litton low-cost semi-st.rapped-down land navigation system. The tests were performed by ETL from 22 Ma re h 1979 to 25 May 1979. The tests were performed in a GMC van on various types of cources in northern Virginia. The purpose of the tests was to determine the potential of the systems to provide positioning information of suitable accuracy for weapon positioning and target acquisition systems. The test results indicate that on rough roads the accuracy deteriorates below what would be acceptable.

DO FORIJI I JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

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UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dela Entered)

REPORT OOCUMEHTATIOH PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM


ETL-0203 AD-A075 542

"· TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a PERICO COVERED

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR FIELD GENERATION OF INPUT FOR RADAR SCENE GENERATION FROM DLMS Contract ReDort TERRAIN AND ELEVATION DATA 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


DAAK70-78-c-02og


Autometric, Inc. 5205 Leesburg Pike, Suite 1308 Falls Church Virginia 22041


November 1978 U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 20 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf dlllerent trom Controllln/I Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol th/a report)

Unclassified 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTR1BUTION STATEMENT (ol lhla Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abatract entered In Block 20, II dllterent from Report)

- 16. sttPPLEMENT-A-ftY---NO'FE-S

19. KEV WORDS (Continue on revet•• aid• II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Radar Scene Generation Algorithm Disc Storage Disc Transfer Planimetry

20. ABSTRACT (C'aatfaua - reverM ala If n..,... • ..,, - ldenllfy by block number) This report describes the feasibility of performing the coriversion of data

from a field deployable data base to input data for a radar scene generation algorithm in the field within a less than 10-minute period. Although the

method described is not the only method, it is one which will work within the time allotted and fulfills other criteria, such as amount of disc storage required and computer power available.

DD FOR .. I JAii 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

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UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Oare Entered)




PROTOTYPE IMAGE SPECTRUM ANALYZER (PISA) Research Note FOR CARTOGRAPHIC FEATURE EXTRACTION



Pi-Fuay Chen Frederick W. Rohde William W. Seemuller

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 4Al61102B52C


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories October 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

65 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AOORESS(/I dlllerent from Control/In/I Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thlo report)

Unclas<>ifior1 ISe. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thl• Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the •b•lracl entered In Block 20, II dlllerent lrom Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• •Id• II neceaaary and ldentJly by block number)

Cartographic Feature Extraction Plasma Discharge Devices Orthogonal Functions Walsh Transforms

2Q. AllSTl'lAC:T (C'oatlml• .. renr .. .io If,,.,.,.. • .,,. - ldenJltT by block number)

An electro-optical system for obtaining two-dimensional Walsh transforms of cartographic images was developed. The system uses a plasma discharge device to generate visible two-dimensional Walsh function pattern masks. The cartographic imagery is placed in contact with the plasma tube, and the product of the mask and image is integrated with a single photodetector. The system is capable of producing 512 by 512 (262, 144), two-dimensional Walsh functions, and the same number of associated Walsh transform coefficients in about 14 seconds. The quantitative measurement and display of the relative magnitude of the first

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20. Continued

block of Walsh transforms (64 x 64) was facilitated with a system minicomputer and a CRT display. A set of selected cartographic images and targets were used to evaluate the system. It was discovered that most of the significant transform information appeared in the lower order Walsh transform coefficients, and further that each Walsh transform pattern is unique in itself and can be distinguished from the others for a limited set of well defined inputs. The dynamic range, the temporal response, and the symmetry of responses of the Prototype Image Spectrum Analyzer (PISA) were found to be relatively poor.

58




ETL-0205 AD-A080 021 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED

TERRAIN ANALYSIS PROCEDURAL GUIDE FOR ROADS Technical Report AND RELATED STRUCTURES (Report No. 2 in the ETL Series on Guides for Army Terrain Analysts) 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER


Theodore c. Vogel


Geographic Sciences Laboratory AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 4A762707A855 T3 0021


u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories nrtnho ... 1070

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

, , Q

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 ADDRESS(lf different from Controlllnl Olllce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified 15e. DECL ASSI Fl CATI ON/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the eb•trect entered In Block 20, If different from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revet•• aid• JI necesaary and Identity by block number)

Terrain Analysis Military Geographic Information Remote Sensing Topography Aerial Photography

20. ABSTflACT (Camlin.I• - ""r .. •LO It,,_....,,. - ldenlllT by block number)

This report provides step-by-step methods and necessary procedures for obtaining information on roads and related structures, i.e. bridges, tunnels, etc., from U.S. 1i1ilitary maps, aerial photography, and other source materials or documents. The Guide was written specifically for the U. s. Army Terrain Analyst and presents the detailed methodology necessary for obtaining approximately 15 data elements concerned with the location and mensurational characteristics of roads and related structures. It is the second in a series of guides for imny Terrain Analvsts.

DD I ~~~ 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE 59 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)



I. REPORT NUMBER r· GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0206 AD-A078 471 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED

FINAL REPORT THE RADOT CODE SYSTEM TO CALCULATE Contract Report THE RADAR RETURN FROM A FORESTED AREA 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

MAGI-7065 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

M. o. Cohen E. s. Troubetzkoy

DAAK.70-78-C-0158 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

3 Westchester Plaza Elmsford, NY 10523



Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 89 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS(lf different from Controlllnll Oltlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl• report)

Unclassified 15a, DECLASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol lhl• Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abalract entered In Block :ZO, II dllferent from Report)


19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere• aide II nec•••ary and Identity by block number)

Branches Radar Cross Sections Leaves Simulation of Forests Matrix Code Simulation of Trees Radar

20. ABSTRACT (Coatlau• .. rever .. ole ff,,_...,_,. - ldentllr by block numbar)

RADOT (Radar on Trees) is a system of FORTRAN computer codes designed to predict the radar return from a canopy of vegetation.

The system combines a realistic simulation of the geometry of the trees of a forest with simple approximations as to the physics of radar scattering with individual branches and leaves.

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20. Continued

Program TREE is used to generate a prototype tree, for example, an oak tree. A tree run is based upon a detailed input description and need be performed only once for each tree type. The output is a tree model, described down to the level of individual branches and leaves, which can be combined with a "library' of previously generated prototype trees, into a new library of prototypes. This new library subsequently serves as input to Program HIT, the main geometry code.

Program FORGEN, the forest generator, combines user input with built-in distribution functions to place trees throughout a simulated forest area. The tree, itself, is one of the prototypes available from the library, scaled and reoriented by FORGEN. The output of FORGEN is a forest model which contains information as to the location, size, orientation and tree type of each tree in the forest. This forest model can be saved for all subsequent analyses involving this forest.

Program HIT uses ray-tracing techniques to establish the composition of the forest as a function of height above ground. The output of HIT is a file of single scatter layers. For each layer, there is provided a complete description of the type, size, and orientation of all materials contained within. This completes the geometry portion of the RADOT system. The desired physical description of the forest is now available to MATRIX, the code which combines the geometry and microscopic physics data. The output of.HIT may be saved and combined with several varieties of physics data.

The physics portion of the RADOT system is treated by Program LEABRA (Leaf, Branch). LEABRA is based upon the assumption that, for radar, each interaction with a branch or a leaf can be treated, on the local level, as an interaction with a finite, circular dielectric cylinder, or with a thin, circular, lossy disk, respectively. The physics of such interactions, and the numerical solutions of the formulations so involved, are incorporated into LEABRA. The output of LEABRA is microscopic radar differential cross sections, independent of the actual forest geometry. The output of LEABRA may be saved for future combination with several varieties of forest description.

Program MATRIX is a multi-layer matrix code which combines the geometric forest description data with the microscopic radar scattering data to determine the overall radar return of the simulated forest. In MATRIX, the single scatter layers, determined by HIT, are treated one-by-one, starting with the topmost. The physical descriptions within each layer are combined with the microscopic differential cross sections to obtain the overall transmission and reflection matrices of the layer. These layers are then successively combined, working

61

20. Continued

downwards toward the ground, into composite thicker layers. The transmission and reflection of the larger synthesized layers are obtained in the course of this combination process. This continues until either the ground is reached or the system converges. At this point, MATRIX provides a print-out of the determined return from the simulated forest.

It is concluded that the RADOT system of computer codes is a potentially valuable tool to predict the radar return from a canopy of vegetation. It combines highly realistic simulation of the geometry of trees of a forest with simple approximations as to the physics of radar scattering with individual branches, leaves and the ground.

To date, however, RADOT has not been tested against any field data. This would certainly be a logical next step to take in this developmental program.

62

UN CLASS I FI ED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)



ETL--0207 AD-A080 064 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Terrain Analysis Procedural Guide for Geology Technical Reoort (Report No. 3 in the ETL Series on 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

Guides for Arrnv Terrain Analvsts) NA 7. AUTHOR(•) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(•)

James Tazelaar NA

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10.

Geographic Sciences Laboratory PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort Belvoir, Virqinia 22060 4A762707A855


U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories November 1979 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

117 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(ll dlllerant ltom Controlllnl Oltlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (ol thl• report)

Un cl ass ifi ed I Sa. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol lhl• Report)


17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the •b•tract antered In Bloc/c 20, II dlllerent ltom Report)


19. KEV WORDS (Continue on revere• •Id• II nec•••ary 11nd Identity by block number)

Terrain Analysis Military Geographic Information Remote Sensing Topography Geology Aerial Topography

20. ABST"RACT (Corrtfau• - ,.,,.r_ •Ca fl,,_......,. - ldenilly by bloc/c number)

This report provides the methods and procedures necessary for obtaining information on geology from the most accessible sources, which are topographic maps and aerial photos. The report is written for the U.S. Army Terrain Analyst, and presents the detailed methodology necessary for obtaining approximately 18 Geology Data Elements useful in preparing factor overlays.

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PAPERS

Abbe, William W. • Terrain As It Influences the European Central Battle. Inter-national Barrier Warfare Symposium, White Oaks, MD, 5-7 June 1979.

Baldini, Angel A. • New Techniques for Astronomic Position Determination in Support of Inertial Geodesy Tasks. 39th Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Washington, D. C., March 79.

Baussus von Luetzow, H. G. • On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Local-Level and Space-Stabilized Inertial Platforms Under Consideration of Hardware and Software Aspects and Experimental Data. Symposium "Gyroscopes" of the International Federal Surveyors, Aachen, West Germany, 27-28 September 1979.

Baussus von Luetzow, H. G. • On the Determination of Representative Second-Order Derivatives of the Anomalous Gravity Potential by Means of an Advanced Inertial Positioning System. Sixth Annual European Geophysical Society (EGS) Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 11-14 September 1979.

Baussus von Luetzow, H. G. • Potential Improvements of ETL's Inertial Positioning System and Error Control of a Gravity-Programed System. National Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., l June 1979.

Carr, William H. • Cartography Automation, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Annual Meeting ASP/ACSM Committee, Washington, D. C., 24 March 1979.

Daniels, Warren • Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Materials. Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers, Boston, MA, 14 May 1979.

DeYoung, Tice F. -. See -McDonneti, Michaei M.

Frost, Robert E. • Interdisciplinary Imagery Analysis as an Engineering Tool for Project Planning And Development in Arctic Environment. ASP/ASCM Convention, Washington, D. C., March 1979.

Frost, Robert E. • See Rinker, Jack N.

Leighty, Robert D. • A New Approach to Automated Optical Digital Pattern Recognition. Proceedings "Optical Processing Systems, Huntsville, AL, 22-25 May 1979, Vol 185, pp. 120-129.

Leighty, Robert D. • Hybrid Image Processing in Pattern Recognition. Optical Society of America, Annual Meeting, Rochester, NY, 8-12 October 1979.

64

Leighty, Robert D. • Research for Information Extraction from Aerial Imagery. U.S. Army Corps of Engineer Remote Sensing Symposium, Reston, VA, 29-31 October 1979.

Lukes, G. E. • See Leighty, Robert D.

McDonnell, Michael M. • Inexpensive Large-Aperture Interferometer Using Holo-graphic Corrector Plate. SPIE's 23rd Annual Technical Symposium, San Diego, CA, 27-30 August 1979.

Pearson, Alexander R. • A Systems Approach to Remote Sensing, American Society of Photogrammetry Convention, Washington, D. C., 18-24 March 1979.

Pearson, Alexander R. • Integrated Terrain Analysis System. ERIN 13th Inter-national Symposium, Ann Arbor, MI, 23-27 April 1979.

Rinker, Jack N. • Remote Sensing and Environmental Data Base Preparation.Tech-nology Exchange Week in Latin America, Panama, 14-19 May 1979.

Robertson, Kenneth D. • Monitor Those DAM Movements Precisely. The Military Engineer, May-June 1979, Vol 71, pp. 182-184.

Schrock, Bryce L. • DIAL: A Large Scale Interactive Digital Image Processing System. ASSP Workshop on Dimensional Digital Signal Processing, Berkeley, CA, 3-4 October 1979.

Schwarz, Gunther • Near Surface Bathymetry System. Fall ASP/ ACSM Convention, Sioux Falls, SD, 17-21 September 1979.

Seemuller, William • A Noncontact Velocimeter Using Sensor Arrays. IEEE, Trans-actions on Industrial Electronics- and Co11trol lnstrumeAtation, May 19"'/9-, Vol. IECI-26, No. 2.

Todd, Mark • New Experiments and Results in Inertial Surveying at the U. S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories. 39th Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Washington, D. C., March 1979.

Treiber, Miklos • Phcnological Studies in the Arisaema Triphyllum (L.) Schott Complex. Botantical Society of America and America International Botanical Society, Stillwater, OK, 12-17 August 1979.

65

INDEXES

TITLES

Analysis, Storage and Retrieval of Elevation Data With Applications to Improve Penetration

Automatic Feature Extraction: An Annotated Bibliography

Bibliographic Literature ·Search Concerning the Relationship Between Soils and Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions in North America

Bibliography of In-House and Contract Reports, Supplement 7

Color Ink-Jet Demonstration Program

Concept Development of Automated Image Analysis

Concept Development of Automatic Instrumentation for Monitoring Movements of DAMS

Design of an Experimental Program for Evaluation of LBR Systems

-Ueeision Path :Approach to Guidance-for Climatic Environmental Test Planning (MIL-STD-81 OC)

Digital Cartographic Study and Benchmark

Evaluation of Conventional Correlation Methods When Matching Infrared Imagery to Panchromatic Imagery, An

Evaluation and Test of a Self Contained Vehicle Land Navigation System

66

PAGE

24

38

14

26

49

46

34

28

29

9

48

8

TITLES

Feasibility of Using Optical Power Spectrum Analysis Techniques for Automatic Feature Classification from High Resolution Thermal, Radar, and Panchromatic Imagery

Feasibility Study for Field Generation of Input for Radar Scene Generation from DLMS Terrain and Elevation Data

Feature Extraction of the llliac IV

Finite Element Models of the Earth's Gravity Field Phase IV

Floodplain Tree Species: A Bibliographic Literature Search with Abstracts

Fourier Transform Autocorrelation

Interactive Digital Image Processing Investigation

Inferential Techniques for Soil Depth Determinations, PART II: Artemisia Filifolia Torr. (Sand Sagebrush)

Investigation of Linear Transformations for Automatic Cartographic Analysis

lnvesttgatiuns of the use-of Conventional Films in the ETL Cartographic EBR

Land Cover Classification from LANDSAT Data; Phase III of a Joint OCE/NASA Demonstration

Materials Research for Holographic Recording (Report No. 3, Hardened Gelatin Holographic Recording Materials)

Multispectral Target Signatures

Prototype Image Spectrum Analyzer (PISA) for Cartographic Feature Extraction

67

PAGE

32

56

41

53

44

30

15

21

27

22

19

51

7

.57

TITLES

RADOT Code System to Calculate the Radar Return From a Forested Area

Radar Image Simulation of Seasonally Dependent Reference Scenes

Radar Image Simulation: Validation of the Point Scattering Method Addendum

Radar Backscatter From a Vegetated Terrain: A Discrete Scattering Approach

Report on Atmospheric Obstructions to Visibility. Volume I-Study Results

Report on Atmospheric Obstructions to Visibility. Volume II-Results of Literature Search

Signal Signatures of Topographic Features Using Analog Technology

Spatial Light Modulators: Test and Evaluation

Star Pattern Recognition and Spacecraft Attitude Determination

Terrain Analysis Procedural Guide for Geology (Report No. 3 in the ETL Series on Guides for Army Terrain Analysts)

Terrain Analysis Procedural Guide for Roads and Related Structures (Report No. 2 in the ETL Series on Guides for Army Terrain Analysts)

Terrain Analysis Procedural Guide for Vegetation (Report No. 1 in the ETL Series on Guides for Army Terrain Analysts)

68

PAGE

60

36

3

5

11

13

31

42

17

63

59

23

TITLES

Test Results of the Litton Low-Cost Semi-Strapped-Down Inertial Land Navigation System

Use and Calibration of Distance Measuring Equipment for Precise Mensuration of Dams (Revised)

Weighted Line-Finding Algorithm

69

PAGE

55

40

54

CORPORATE AUTHORS

Autometric, Inc.

Bala

Carnegie-Mellon University Catholic University Of America Control Data Corporation

George Washington University

Image Graphics, Inc. Institute for Advanced Computation International Business Machines Corporation

Kansas Center for Research University

Litton Guidance and Control Systems Logical Technical Services Corporation

ManTech of New Jersey Corporation Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. Mead Technology Laboratories

New Mexico University North Carolina University

RAMCOR, Inc. Recognition Systems, Inc.

Spectral Data Corporation

Telecommunications Associates

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

70

PAGE

56

28

42 46

9

5

22 41 15

3,36

8 38

29 60 49

14,34 44

11, 13 32

7

27

17,53

CONTRACT NUMBERS

PAGE

DAAG53-75-C-O 195 9

DAAG53-76-C-O 154 3

DAAK70-78-M-3292 14

DAAK70-79-M-2525 44

DAAK70-77-C-OI 33 7 -0142 5 -0163 22 -0166 15 -0205 8

DAAK70-78-C-0019 32 -0026 29 -0038 17 -0045 27 -0062 36 -0072 53 -0076 42 -0109 11, 13 -0125 28 -0147 46 -0158 60 -0195 38 -0208 56 -0218 34 -0229 49

71

PERSONAL AUTHORS

PAGE PAGE

Abbott, J. L. 3 Lang, Roger H. 5 Abdoshah, K. 54 Lujetic, Victor J. 11, 13

Lytle, Nancy 7 Balasuhramanian, N. 28 Bare, J. E. 36 McAllister, Sharon 34 Bell, C. Ritchie 44 McDonnell, Michael M. 30 Books, E. Jam es 26 Brown, Richard M. 41 Messmore, Jeffrey A. 23

Movahed, M. 27 Casasent, David 42 Morley, Jane 44 Chen, Pi-Fuay 31, 57 Murphy, M. E. 9 Cohen, M. 0. 60 Murty, S.S. 27 Cohen, S. 29 Crombie, Michael A. 48 Natu, Sanjiv 42

Davison, E. C. 3 Panton, D. J. 9 Pearson, Alexander R. 23

Eastes, John W. 51 Perrin , Jack L. 55 Engels, R. C. 53 Pickholtz, R. L. 27

Price, Lynn 14 Foreman, Richard N. 19 Frost, V. S. 3,36 Rice, W. C. 15

Rickards, T. J. 8 Gladden, James W. 51 Robertson, Kenneth D. 40 Glore, Denise 14 Rohde, Frederick W. 57

Hamilton, J. W. 29 Seemuller, William W. 31,57 Hannah, Marsha J. 41 Shipman, J. S. 15 Hanson, D. S. 9 Smith, Joel B. 34 Harmuth, Henning F. 46 Sokolakis, Spiro 5 Holtzman, J. E. 3,36 Spieler, R. J. 15

Stiies, j, A. 36 Inglis, Michael 14 Strikwerda, Thomas E. 17

Junkins, John L. 17, 53 Tazelaar, James 63 Treiber, Miklos 21

Kasdan, Harvey L. 32 Troubetzkoy, E. S. 60 Kaupp, V. H. 3,36 Klinger, A. 24,54 Vogel, Theodore C. 23,59 Komp, E. E. 3,36 Kraige, L. Glenn 17 Wenderoth, Sandra 7 Krusinger, Alan E. 21

72

AD NUMBERS

PAGE· PAGE

A064 800 9 A076 109 30 A076 110 31

A066 944 21 A076 111 48 A076 112 54

A068 715 23 A076 113 40 A068 744 26 A076 114 53 A068 747 24 A076 119 36

A076 148 38 A070 523 41 A076 203 51

A076 249 5 A071 526 28 A076 266 34 A071 651 3 A076 342 15 A071 723 19 A076 566 32 A071 741 11 A071 742 13 A077 191 44 A071 751 14 A071 752 27 A078 471 60

A072 628 22 A080 021 59 A072 772 42 A080 064 63

A080 355 17 A074 439 46 A080 729 57

A080 909 29 A075 377 49 A075 542 56 B041 663L 7

B041 800L 8

B044 l 52L 55

73

etl-0216 'bibliography of in-house and contract reports

Documents