8/17/2019 Ethnomusicology Terms

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Sound Music

1. Frequency, sound, pitch (Hertz)

2. Timbre (overtone/harmonic series) --HUMAN ORGANIZED

SOUND--

3. Amplitude (volume/decibels)

4. Duration

Culture = people’s way of life (gen ---> gen)

scale: organized series of pitchesmode: “ “ with certain melodic characteristics (ornaments, etc)

rhythm: organized sounds in time w/ steady pulse

-free rhythm: no steady pulse

-poly rhythms (overlaying)

Fieldwork: Learning directly from the people.

SOURCES:

Informant (supplies the info)

Performances (musical/cultural)Recording (audio video, instruments etc)

participant observation (immersion)

Developments: Phonograph = AUDIO RECORDING

-created by Edison

-made indentations from sound vibrations on recording material (at first aluminum, tin

etc)

- Alexander Graham Bell made wax cylinders, sturdier than tin

- Berliner made 1st flat records

*CENTS TO FINE TUNE*

8/17/2019 Ethnomusicology Terms

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Ethnomusicologists:

Colin Mcphee > Bali

Bela Bartok > Hungary

Percy Grainger > folk songs

John + Alan Lomax > Deep South

Frances Desmore > Native Americans (emphasized context)

Jeff Titon > Said “knowing people making music” sums up ethnomusicology

Mantle Hood > Bi-musicality (playing the music he studied, brought world music into

universities

MONOPHONY POLYPHONY HETEROPHONY HOMOPHONY

-Single,

unaccompaniedmusical line

-unison or octaves

ie. chant, solo

instrument

-2 or more

independentmusical lines @

same time ie.

round, chorale,

piano invention,

fugue

-same melody

played in differentways (variations)

ie. ornamentation,

grace notes, delay

-common in irish,

indian music, etc

- 1 dominant

melody w/supporting parts ie.

 jazz solo + band,

folk music

 ALSO: Melody w/ drone, Melody w/ ostinato (repeated phrase), Drum polyphony