ethnicity in the former yugoslavia does it hinder or advance political development?
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Ethnicity in the Former Yugoslavia Does it hinder or advance Political Development?. Some Facts on Yugoslavia. 6 Socialist republics: BH, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Serbia (Kosovo, Vojvodina) Republic of Serbia most populated, Montenegro least populated - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ethnicity in the Former Yugoslavia
Does it hinder or advance Political Development?
Some Facts on Yugoslavia 6 Socialist republics: BH, Croatia, Macedonia,
Montenegro, Slovenia, Serbia (Kosovo, Vojvodina)
Republic of Serbia most populated, Montenegro least populated
Between’71/’81 census there was a population growth and that was because of a rise in the standard of living
Before the War there were 1.5 million Yugoslavs living in other countries
More facts on Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia borders 7 countries: Austria, Hungry, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania
Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian were all official languages
Capital of Yugoslavia was Belgrade, now is just the capital of Serbia
Last Slide on Facts
Communist Party came into power in 1921 and remained until Tito’s death– primary task at the time was to
draw attention to all the nations and nationalities of Yugoslavia and to defend the countries unity and independence against Fascist aggression
What is Ethnicity?
Characteristics of internally and externally defined groups who behave and are regarded as a distinctive social entity
History of how Ethnicity has Affected Yugoslavia
The revolutionary movements in Europe at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, the expansion of capitalism, the beginning of an organized working-class movement, and the process of nation building, were all factors which exerted a strong influence on the struggle waged by the Yugoslav peoples for nation-building, socio-economic development and affirmation of statehood.
History of Ethnicity
Serbia and Montenegro had liberated themselves and in 1878 their recognition was seen on an international level
South Slavs wanted a common state– hoped to successfully ensure external
pressures and national survival and independent economic political and cultural development
More Ethnicity The ruling Serbian bourgeoisie refused
to recognized the national identity of the Macedonians, Montenegrins and Muslims
The constitution adopted in 1921, by a majority of 223 out of a total 413 votes in Parliament, legally sanctioned national inequality and a highly centralized system of gov’t
20%
6%
3%
9%
36%
8%
8%
5%5%
CroatsMacedoniansMontenegrinsMuslimsSerbsSlovenesAlbaniansYugoslavsOther
Nations, Nationalities and Ethnic Groups in the Former Yugoslavia,
1981
Diversity Within the Former Yugoslavia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Croatia Macedonia Montenegro Slovenia Serbia
4,124 4,601 1,090 584 1,892 5,695
Catholic,Orthodox,Muslim
Catholic,Orthodox
Orthodox,Muslim
Orthodox CatholicOrthodoxMuslim,OrthodoxCatholic
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian
MacedonianAlbanian
Serbo-Croatian
SlovenianSerbo-Croatian,Albanian
Ethnic Composition of Yugoslav Successor States
(1992)
0102030405060708090
100Sloven
ia
Croatia
Bosnia-H
Maced
onia
Yug
oslavia
Serb
ia
Kosovo
SlovenesSerbsCroatsOtherMuslimsYugoslavsMacedoniansAlbaniansMontenegrins
Ethnicity and Political Development
Must take into account both the constraints and the opportunities
5 subjects which incorporate development (Weiner) – Policies helping economic growth– Increased role for state– Expanded participation– Ability to maintain order under change– Explanation of revolutions
Problems Instability Compromise (us vs. them attitude) Autonomy Rise of nationalist movements Lack of economic growth Nation-state theory Death of Tito, fall of communism
– one party system to multi-ethnic parties
Dayton Peace Agreement
Recognition of other states Respect human rights Cooperation/Compliance Supervised elections A new constitution Central bank/monetary system Establish transportation/public
facilities
What needs to happen for Political Development to
work Democracy Must have gov’t which doesn’t cater to
the hatreds - Milosevic did Must avoid disintegration Social, political, economic unrest Until all people in Yugoslavia can
recognize and comprehend the other cultures, ethnicity will hinder Political Development