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06/12/22 1 Ethnic Diseases MED PREP Janet Nelson RN

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Page 1: Ethnic disease

04/12/23 1

Ethnic DiseasesMED PREP

Janet Nelson RN

Page 2: Ethnic disease

04/12/23 2

HEALTHY REPORT 2003

Access to Health Care Health Status Indicators Health Risk Behaviors Use of clinical preventive services

ETHNIC DISEASE SOURCEBOOK

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Infant Mortality

Blacks: 14 / 1,000 births American Indians: 9.0 / 1,000

births Hispanics: 7.6 / 1,000 births (Puerto Ricans 8.9 / 1,000 births) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/

nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_16.pdf

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SIDS Rates by ethnicity of mother per 100,000 (1997)

White64.4 Black143.2 Asian/Pacific Islanders 51.2 American Indian/Alaska 155.6 Hispanic 46.5 ::: American Sudden Infant Death

Syndrome Institute :::

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Alcohol Related Diseases

Alcohol Mortality Alcoholic Cirrhosis Alcohol Dependence Alcohol Hepatitis FAS

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FAS

FAS is the severe end of a spectrum of effects that can occur when a woman drinks during pregnancy. Fetal death is the most extreme outcome.

FAS is a disorder characterized by abnormal facial features and growth and central nervous system (CNS) problems.

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Children with FAS might have the following characteristics or exhibit the following behaviors:

Small size for gestational age or small stature in relation to peers

Facial abnormalities such as small eye openings

Poor coordination

Hyperactive behavior

Learning disabilities

Developmental disabilities (e.g., speech and language delays)

Mental retardation or low IQ

Problems with daily living

Poor reasoning and judgment skills

Sleep and sucking disturbances in infancy

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Alcohol- Related Liver Disease

FATTY LIVER ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS May progress in this order.

Some heavy drinkers develop cirrhosis without evidence of Hepatitis

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Alcohol Hepatitis Alcohol has long been associated with serious liver

diseases such as hepatitis. But the relationship between drinking and alcoholic hepatitis is complex. Only a small percentage of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis. Though damage from alcoholic hepatitis often can be reversed in people who stop drinking, the disease is likely to progress to cirrhosis and liver failure in people who continue drink. For them, alcoholic hepatitis may be fatal.

Anyone with alcoholic hepatitis must avoid alcohol and other substances that harm the liver. When damage is so severe that the liver is unable to function, a liver transplant may be an option.

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Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis of the Liver

ASCITES

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Smoking

“Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the US”

David Satcher MD PhD Surgeon General

Note: ETS=environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke)

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Disease Men Women  Overall

       

Cancers      

Lung 81,179 35,741 116,920

Lung from ETS  1,055 1,945 3,000

Other 21,659 9,743 31,402

Total     103,893 47,429 151,322

       

Cardiovascular Diseases    

Hypertension 3,233 2,151  5,450

Heart Disease 88,644 45,591 134,235

Stroke 14,978 8,303 23,281

Other 11,682 5,172 16,854

Total  118,603 61,117  179,820

       

Respiratory Diseases    

Pneumonia 11,292  7,881  19,173

Bronchitis/ Emphysema 9,234 5,541  14,865

Chronic Airway Obstruction 30,385 18,579   48,982

Other  787     668 1,455

Total  51,788  32,689    84,475

       

Diseases Among Infants 1,006 705  1,711

Burn Deaths  863 499    1,362

All Causes  276,153 142,537 418,690

Cigarette Smoking-Related Mortality Per CDCDisease Men Women Overall

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Age Related Disease vs. Ethnic Osteoporosis…White and Asian Type II Diabetes….American Indian

& Hispanic Dementia…Japanese, African

Americans and Caribbean Hispanics

Can you think of others?

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Tay Sachs

Fatal genetic disorder in children that causes progressive destruction of the CNS

Most Common in Jewish families of Eastern Europe origin. (Ashkenazi)

NTSAD

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An inherited blood disorder characterized primarily by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain.

Most common in Black/Hispanics What is Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Anemia

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The risk of inheriting sickle cell anemia really comes down to genetics. For a baby to be born with sickle cell anemia, both parents have to carry the sickle cell gene.The gene is particularly common among people with African, Spanish, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Indian ancestry. In the United States, it most commonly affects blacks and Hispanics.

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Thalassemia

A group of chronic, inherited, microcytic anemias.

Especially common in persons of Mediterranean, African and Southeast Asian ancestory

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Systemic Lupus Erythematous

A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology

Three times more common in African American than in white Americans.

Predominately women

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Cancer

Overall African-American’s have highest cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to other groups

Certain racial/ethnic groups experience higher rates of specific cancers than other groups

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African American Hispanic/Latino

512.3 both sexes 352.4 both sexes

682.6 male 420.7 males

398.5 female 310.9 female

White American In./Alaska

479.7 both sexes 233.6 both sexes

556.4 male 255.4 male

429.3 female 220.5 female

Asian/Pacific Islanders

335.6 both sexes

383.5 male

303.6 female

Cancer Incidence Rates/100,000

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DIABETES CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE COPD & other chronic lower

respiratory diseases GLAUCOMA CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Cystic Fibrosis Foundation - ABOUT CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Death Rates by Race/EthnicityPer US—National Center for Health Statistics

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CONCLUSION

Genetic predisposition Contributing Factors

“Though health indicators such as life expectancy and infant mortality have improved for most Americans, minorities experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease, death, and disability compared with non-minorities. These trends compel the public health community to examine issues of health disparity among the various racial and ethnic groups that comprise the country's population.”http://www.cdc.gov/OMH/Populations/populations.htm