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BROADCAST / CATV / SATELLITE

ACT NO. 3997

AN ACT CREATING A NATIONAL RADIO BROADCASTING FUND OUT OF ANNUAL REGISTRATION FEES

ON RADIO RECEIVING SETS, AND PROVIDING FOR THE PROMOTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO

BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE BENEFITS THEREOF TO

THE PEOPLE IN ALL MUNICIPALITIES AND BARRIOS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Section 1. Main object and general enabling provisions. This Act to be known as the Radio

Broadcasting Law, which shall have for its main object the extension of the benefits of radio

broadcasting so as to make them, as far as it is practicable to do so, equally available to the people

throughout the Philippine, Islands, shall be administered by the Secretary of Commerce and

Communications, who, in order to carry out in the most effective manner its provisions and purposes, is

hereby empowered to promulgate in the form of administrative orders such rules and regulations as

may be advisable, and to create such committee or committees as may be necessary, and, with the

permission of the respective Department Heads; concerned, to use the services of such officers or

employees of the Insular, provincial and municipal governments as may be convenient especially in the

collection of fees.

Section 2. Exemption of the Governments of the United States and the Philippine Islands. - The

Government of the United States shall be exempt from all requirements of this Act. The Government of

the Philippine Islands shall be exempt likewise for all radio receiving sets owned or operated by it for

communication purposes: Provided, however, That dealers or persons selling receivers to the said

governments shall comply with the provisions of Section three of this Act and the regulations which may

be issued there under by the Secretary of Commerce and Communications as regards submission of

reports on sale of receiving sets.

Section 3. Registration of radio receiving sets; notice of sale or change in ownership or location of

each set.The Secretary of Commerce and Communications shall prescribe rules and regulations for the

registration of radio receiving sets and for the submission of reports on sale of receivers or on change of

ownership thereof. He may require that all receiving sets be registered annually if he deems it advisable

in addition to the owners obligation to pay the annual fees as provided in Section four. Subject to such

rules and regulations, every person, firm, company, association, corporation or any other entity having

in his or in its possession or control a radio receiving set, shall register the same with the Radio

Regulation Office created or designated under Section eight of Act Numbered Thirty-eight hundred and

forty-six within thirty days after coming into possession or control of such set, and it shall be the duty of

the owner thereof to advise the Radio Regulation Office of any change in his or its address within thirty

days after such change takes place. And whenever any radio receiving set is sold, or any change in

ownership takes place, the dealer or former owner thereof shall comply with the regulations issued by

the Secretary of Commerce and Communications under the provisions of this Section.

Section 4.Annual fees to be paid.Except as otherwise provided in Section six hereof, there shall be

paid and collected a registration fee of two pesos per annum for every crystal receiving set and ten


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pesos per annum for every receiving set that uses a vacuum tube or tubes for amplification or for

detection: Provided, however, That if the Secretary of Commerce and Communications shall deem it

advisable he may establish zones and fix a graduated scale of zone fees, the maximum of which shall not

exceed the fees herein-above above specified:Provided, further, That the Secretary of Commerce and

Communications may establish rules and regulations for the reduction of fees payable by the same

owner for the same set after one years fee has been paid.

The annual fees above specified shall be understood to be for a period of twelve months counting

from the date of acquisition of a radio receiver, and, wherever quarterly, semi-annual or annual fees are

specified in this Act, the same shall be understood to be for a period of three months, six months and

twelve months, respectively, counting from the date of acquisition of the radio set.

Section 5. When to pay fees; surcharge to be paid for late payment. Upon the initial registration of a

radio receiving set, as provided in Section three hereof, the fee for at least three months shall be paid in

advance. Thereafter, fees shall be payable in not less than quarterly installments, each of which shall be

paid in advance during the first thirty days of the quarter in which such fees are due. Any fee not paid

within the time fixed shall be increased by a surcharge of twenty per centum thereof:Provided, however,

That the Secretary of Commerce and Communications may prescribe rules and regulations changing the

time of payment of fees from quarterly to semi-annually or annually:Provided, further, That he may also

prescribe such rules and regulations as may be advisable to assure the prompt or immediate registration

and advance payment or collection of fees on receiving sets sold by dealers and on sets entering the

country through the mails or the custom-house and those brought by persons coming from abroad,

notwithstanding the provisions of Section three of this Act regarding thirty days tune allowed for

registration.

Section 6. Receiving sets for specified uses to be registered but exempt from payment of fees.

Subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce and

Communications, owners of receiving sets covered by this Section shall comply with the requirements of

Section three of this Act as regards registration but shall be exempt from payment of the fees as

required by Section four:

(a) Sets in storage or out of service;

(b) Sets kept for sale or used for demonstration by those engaged in the manufacture or sale of radio

apparatus;

(c) Sets owned or operated by the Philippine Government and used for purposes other than

communications;

(d) Sets installed on airplanes and ships licensed under Act Numbered Thirty-eight hundred and forty-six;

(e) Sets operated by owners of broadcasting stations if such sets are used for the purpose of monitoring

or checking the quality or efficiency of the broadcasting stations;

(f) Sets owned and operated by lighthouse-keepers at their official stations;

(g) In cases where an amateur radio operator, who is licensed under Act Numbered Thirty-eight hundred

and forty-six, or the owner of a licensed amateur radio station has more than one receiver in his

immediate household, all such receivers shall be registered but the fee need be paid on one receiver only.


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Section 7. National Radio Broadcasting Fund and purposes for which it may be used. All collections

made under this Act, as well as those which may be collected under Section nine hereof, shall constitute

a special fund to be known as the National Radio Broadcasting Fund to be expended, with the

concurrence of the Insular Auditor, exclusively for the following purposes by authority of the Secretary

of Commerce and Communications, who shall determine what portion of this fund shall be expended for

each item subject to the limitations here in below stated:

(a)Receiving sets for municipalities, barrios, etc. Purchase, installation and/or operation of radio

receiving sets for general public benefit in distant and isolated municipalities, municipal districts, barrios

and selected Government institutions, under such rules and conditions as the Secretary of Commerce and

Communications may prescribe.

(b)Payment to broadcasting stations for broadcasting matters of interest to people.Payment to the

owners of any duly authorized radio broadcasting station or stations of sufficient power and with

satisfactory facilities and apparatus to render reasonably satisfactory service, under normal conditions,

throughout the Philippine Islands, for the radio broadcasting of a minimum of six hours daily of

governmental news, information and education, and/or any other information or programs of interest or

entertainment to the people if the type and general character of the programs broadcasted are deemed

to be of general interest or entertainment to the public by a committee created for the purpose by the

Secretary of Commerce and Communications:

Provided, That the sum authorized for any station shall not exceed the actual value of the services

rendered in accordance with this sub Section:Provided, further, That if, for any fortuitous cause orforce

majeureor other unavoidable reason, a minimum of six hours broadcasting shall not be made in any one

day, such failure shall not be considered as a violation of this Section.

(c)Administrative expenses.Employment of such personnel and payment of such expenses as may be

necessary in carrying out the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations prescribed there under.

The Secretary of Commerce and Communications may authorize the payment to each member of any

committee or committees created by him under Section one of this Act a per diem of not to exceed ten

pesos for each meeting attended: Provided, That no committee member shall be entitled to receive more

than twenty pesos in any one month for meetings attended during the month.

(d)Promotion and development of or assistance to radio broadcasting. Any unexpended balance of

the National Radio Broadcasting Fund in any year shall be available exclusively for the purposes stated

in this Section for any succeeding year and for the promotion and development of radio broadcasting in

the Philippine Islands and, if necessary or advisable for general public interest, for aid to radio

broadcasting stations.

Section 8.Annual report to Legislature. During the first thirty days of each regular session of the

Philippine Legislature, the Secretary of Commerce and Communications shall submit a full report

thereto on the work accomplished by his Department under this Act, such report to be accompanied


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with a detailed statement of all receipts and disbursements and with such recommendations as he may

desire to bring to the attention of the Legislature.

Section 9. Repeal of Act Numbered Thirty-three hundred and thirty-eight.Act Numbered Thirty-three

hundred and thirty-eight, approved December seven, nineteen hundred and twenty-six, is hereby

repealed: Provided, That all registration made and all fees paid there under shall apply under this Act for

the period covered: Provided, further, That such repeal shall not affect any act done, or any right

accrued, or any suit or proceedings had or commenced in any criminal or civil cause, prior to said

repeal: Provided, furthermore, That all surcharges and all unpaid fees due and payable under Act

Numbered Thirty-three hundred and thirty-eight, as well as all fines that may be assessed there under,

shall, when collected, be credited as provided for in Section seven of this Act: Provided, still furthermore,

That any unexpended balance of the Radio Broadcasting Fund accumulated under Section twelve (d) of

Act Numbered Thirty-three hundred and thirty-eight shall be and hereby is made available as part of the

National Radio Broadcasting Fund under this Act:Provided, finally, That no provision of this Act shall

be construed as vesting any person, firm or corporation with any right which cannot be made the

subject of further legislation by the Philippine Legislature.

Section 10. Penalty for violations of this Act.Any person who shall wilfully violate any mandatory or

prohibitory provision of this Act, or any mandatory or prohibitory provision of the regulations prescribed

by the Secretary of Commerce and Communications under this Act, upon conviction thereof by a court

of competent jurisdiction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five pesos no more than

two hundred pesos for each and every offense. And any firm, company, corporation or association

wilfully failing or refusing to observe or wilfully violating any provision of this Act, or any provision of the

regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce and Communications under this Act, shall be

punished by a fine of not less than one hundred pesos nor more than one thousand pesos for each and

every offense.

Section 11. This Act shall take effect on January first, nineteen hundred and thirty-three.

Approved, December 5, 1932.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 576-A

REGULATING THE OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION OF RADIO AND TELEVISION STATIONS AND FOR

OTHER PURPOSES.

WHEREAS, the President of the Philippines is empowered under the Constitution to review and approve

franchises for public utilities;

WHEREAS, it has been observed that some public utilities, especially radio and television stations, have a

tendency toward monopoly in ownership and operation to such an extent that a region or section of the

country may be covered by any number of such broadcast stations, all or most of which are owned,

operated or managed by one person or corporation;

WHEREAS, radio is the chief vehicle of the dissemination of information, being the source as surveys

have shown of 86 percent of all information for the public and television is becoming similarly pervasive;


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WHEREAS, the deep penetration that radio and television thus make into the public consciousness gives,

them the responsibility of assisting the government to promote and safeguard the public welfare;

WHEREAS, on account of the limited number of frequencies available for broadcasting in the Philippines,

it is necessary to regulate the ownership and operation of radio and television stations and provide

measures that would enhance quality and viability in broadcasting and help serve the public interest;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers

vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree:

Section 1.No radio or television channel may obtain a franchise unless it has sufficient capital on the

basis of equity for its operation for at least one year, including purchase of equipment.

Section 2.Every radio station or television channel shall allocate at least two hours a day as a program

or programs rendering public service, during such broadcast hours as are normally regarded in the

industry as prime time for a particular type of program and its appropriate audience.

Public service refers to news, educational, and cultural presentations and other programs informing the

people of advances in science, industry, farming , and technology; of policies and important

undertakings in government designed to promote or safeguard the public welfare; of matters related to

the physical, intellectual and moral development of the young; or of traditions, values and activities

which constitute the cultural heritage of the nation.

Section 3.No person or corporation may own, operate, or manage more than one radio or television

station in one municipality or city; nor more than five AM and five FM radio station; nor more than five

television channels in the entire country, and no radio or television station shall be utilized by any single-

interest group to disseminate information or otherwise influence the public or the government to serve

or support the ends of such group.

Section 4.Any person or corporation which owns more than the number of radio or television stations

authorized in the preceding section shall divest itself of the excess stations or channels.. any excess

station shall be sold through the Bureau to Telecommunications.

Section 5.Failure to divest as provided in the foregoing section shall, in addition to the penalties

provided in Section 6, subject the person or corporation guilty of such failure to cancellation of the

franchise of every excess station and to confiscation of the station and its facilities without

compensation.

Section 6.All franchises, g rants, licenses, permits, certificates or other forms of authority to operate

radio or television broadcasting systems shall terminate on December 31, 1981. Thereafter, irrespective

of any franchise, grants, license, permit, certificate or other forms of authority to operate granted by

any office, agency or person, no radio or television station shall be authorized to operated without the

authority of the Board of Communications and the Secretary of Public Works and Communications or

their successors who have the right and authority to assign to qualified parties frequencies, channels or

other means of identifying broadcasting systems; Provided, however, that any conflict over, or


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Sec. 5. The grantee shall pay the income tax levied under Title II of the National Internal Revenue Code,

as amended, and a franchise tax equivalent to three per centum (3%) of all gross receipts from business

transacted under the Certificate of Authority.

Sec. 6. The National Telecommunications Commission is hereby authorized to issue the necessary rules

and regulations to implement this Executive Order.

Sec. 7. Presidential Decree No. 1512 dated June 11, 1978 and all laws, orders, issuances and rules and

regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with this Executive Order are hereby repealed or modified

accordingly.

Sec. 8. This Executive Order shall take effect immediately.

Done in the City of Manila, this 30th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty-

seven.

(SGD) CORAZON C. AQUINO JOKER P. ARROYO

By the President Executive Secretary

Executive Order No. 436, s. 1997

MALACAANG

Manila

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 436

PRESCRIBING POLICY GUIDELINES TO GOVERN THE OPERATIONS OF CABLE TELEVISION IN THE

PHILIPPINES

WHEREAS, the State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building;

WHEREAS, the Filipino people must be given wider access to more sources of news, information,

education, sports events and entertainment programs other than those provided for by mass media and

afforded television programs to attain a well informed, well-versed and culturally refined citizenry and

enhance their socio-economic growth;

WHEREAS, cable television (CATV) systems could support or supplement the services provided by

television broadcast facilities, local and overseas, as the national information highway to the

countryside;

WHEREAS, because a large part of the country is still not covered by cable television services, there is an

urgent need to maximize the development of the cable television industry and to provide incentives and

afford protection to investments therein;

WHEREAS, professionalism and self-regulation among existing operators, through a nationally

recognized cable television operators association, have enhanced the growth of the cable television

industry and must therefore be maintained along with minimal reasonable government regulations;


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NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by virtue of the

powers vested in me by law, do hereby adopt the following guidelines for the cable television (CATV)

industry:

SEC 1. The operation of cable television systems, as a subscriber service undertaking with a unique

technology, shall be maintained separate and distinct from telecommunications or broadcast television.

SEC. 2. The regulation and supervision of the cable television industry in the Philippines shall remain

vested solely with the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC).

SEC. 3. Only persons, associations, partnerships, corporations or cooperatives granted a Provisional

Authority or Certificate of Authority by the Commission may install, operate and maintain a cable

television system or render cable television service within a service area.

Cable television service may carry advertisements and other similar paid segments for which the cable

television operator may charge and collect reasonable fees; Provided, that no cable television operator

shall infringe on broadcast television markets by inserting advertisements in the programs it carries or

retransmits without the consent of the program provider concerned.

SEC. 4. Local exchange operators and/or broadcasters, as well as operators of direct broadcast satellite

service, multi-point distribution service, television receive-only satellite program distribution service and

other systems of providers of video programming utilizing whatever technology, shall not operate cable

television systems or any form of service involving the delivery television programs and signals, by wire

or cable or through the airwaves and other wireless video signal transmission systems without specific

permits, licenses and/or authority to operate a cable television system as provided hereunder and under

applicable laws and rules and regulations, which permits, licenses and/or authority shall be issued in

accordance with the provisions of this Executive Order.

SEC. 5. The Commission may grant an applicant an authority to operate a cable television system within

the same franchise area covered by any Provisional Authority or Certificate of Authority issued by the

Commission two (2) years earlier only upon the determination by the Commission that -

a) the prior cable television operator has not, without sufficient justification, substantially complied with

the terms and condition of his authorization;

b) the cable television service currently provided by the operator to its subscriber is grossly inadequate;

and

c) the grant of the authority to the applicant will not result in ruinous competition detrimental to the

existing operator and incompatible with the investment policies under this Executive Order.

SEC. 6. A cable television operator may, with prior approval from the Commission, lease or sub-lease any

excess capacity of its cable television system to a third party.


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EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 467

PROVIDING FOR A NATIONAL POLICY ON THE OPERATION AND USE OF

INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN THE COUNTRY

WHEREAS, the State, recognizing the vital role of communications in nation building, is

committed to promote the establishment of communications structures responsive to information

technology of the country;

WHEREAS, the provision of modern, efficient, and adequate satellite telecommunications

facilities and services will promote the pole vaulting strategy of the government to lunch the

country as a telecommunications hub in the Asia-Pacific region by the 21st century;

WHEREAS, there is a need to broaden the access by authorized entities to international satellite systems

and services and thereby, accelerate the attainment of the development thrusts for the local

telecommunications sector;

NOW, THEREFORE, I FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by

virtue of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby order the adoption as a national policy, of the

following policy guidance in the operation and use of satellite communications in the

country.

Section 1. Policy Guidance. The following guidance and regulations shall govern the operation and use of

the following satellite telecommunications facilities and services in the country:

a. Access to International Fixed Satellite Systems. Enfranchised telecommunications entities duly

authorized by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) to provide

international telecommunications services shall be allowed direct access to all international fixed

satellite systems. Broadcast service providers may also be allowed to directly access

international fixed satellite systems subject to NTC rules, regulations and authorizations.

b. Access to International Mobile Satellite Systems. Direct access to international mobile satellite

services shall be allowed for maritime, aeronautical and land mobile uses, subject to NTC rules and

regulations. For this purpose, the DOTC/NTC shall recognize the authorization and/or certification of

foreign-registered mobile units designed to access international mobile satellite systems, provided they

are consistent with said NTC rules and regulations.

c. Use of Satellite Newsgathering (SNG) Earth Stations. The government shall take a permissive

approach on the use and operation of SNG earth stations owned or operated by foreign news media

organizations, for a limited period of time as defined by NTC. Foreign news media organizations wanting

to bring SNG earth stations into the country shall secure a special NTC permit.

d. Operation and Use of Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite (GMPCS). The

government shall allow the operation and use of GMPCS to contribute to the attainment of universal

access, subject to NTC rules and regulations. In this connection, GMPCS systems shall be required to

interconnect with existing terrestrial systems in a non-discriminatory manner in accordance with the

provisions of Executive Order No. 59 (Guidelines for Compulsory Interconnection of Authorized Public

Telecommunications Carriers) and its Implementing Guidelines.


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e. Provision of Direct to Home TV Services.The government shall allow the reception of Direct to Home

TV signals from content providers utilizing international satellite systems, provided the video programs

thereto are authorized by appropriate government agency(ies). Equipment for the reception of Direct to

Home TV signals shall be provided by duly authorized entities. Moreover, uplink centers for transmission

or retransmission in the Philippines, subject to existing laws and procedures formulated by the NTC.

Section 2. Policy of Terms. The NTC, in coordination with the concerned agencies and sectors, shall

formulate and adopt, not later than forty-five days from the effectivity of this order, the necessary

implementing rules and regulations for the implementation of the above policy guidance, including the

monitoring system for their implementation.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. For the purpose of this Order and in the implementation of the above

policy guidance, the following definitions shall apply:

a. Direct Access - any one of a number of measures permitting direct dealings between

authorized entities and international satellite system providers at specified levels as defined by the NTC.

b. Direct Home (DTH) TV - a broadcasting system wherein television programs are transmitted directly

to home/user receivers via satellite, thus making the reception cover not only individual(s) in their

homes but other places as well.

c. Fixed Satellite Service - a radio communications service between earth stations at given

points, when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be specific point or any

fixed points within specified areas.

d. Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite -a satellite system providing

telecommunications services directly to end-users anywhere in the globe form a constellation of

satellites.

e. Mobile Satellite Service -a radio communications service between mobile earth stations and one or

more space stations, or between space stations used by this service, or between mobile earth stations

by means of one or more space stations.

f. Satellite Newsgathering - the use of either transportable, "Fixed Satellite Services"earth stations or

"Mobile Satellite Service" earth stations to provide temporary communications services for news media

organizations covering news events such as summits, conferences or disasters.

Section 4. Policy Review. The DOTC, in consultation with the concerned agencies and sectors, shall

regularly review the responsiveness of the above policy, shall regularly review the responsiveness of the

above policy guidance and based on this, submit policy recommendations to the office of the President.

Section 5. Repealing Clause. All executive orders, administrative orders and other executive issuance's

inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed, modified or amended accordingly.

Section 6. Effectivity. This Order shall take effect immediately.


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DONE in the City of Manila, this 17th day of March in the year of our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and

ninety-eight.

ALEXANDER P. AGUIRRE

By the President: Executive Secretary

MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR

NO. 2-1-93

Subject: Rules and Regulations Governing the Registration and Licensing of Satellite Television Receive

Only (TVRO) Stations in the Philippines

Pursuant to the provisions of Act 3846, as amended, and of Executive order No. 546, the following

rules and regulations governing the Registration and Licensing of Satellite Earth Television Receive

Only Station (TVRO) in the Philippines, are hereby promulgated.

SECTION 1. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1.1 Satellite Television Receive Only (TVRO) Stationstation whereby sound and video signals are

received directly from a satellite.

1.2 Non-Commercial TVRO (NC-TVRO) Station

1.2.1 A TVRO station intended for personal receiving only by an individual and his immediate family

members.

1.2.2TVRO stations operated by government agencies, instrumentalities or offices, provided no fees are

charged or collected from the public.

1.2.3 TVRO stations owned/operated by foreign government, entities, UN agencies provided use is

limited to their premises only.

1.3 Commercial TVRO (C-TVRO) Stationa TVRO station intended for operation in consideration of

monetary or material gain.

1.4 Registration Certificatea certificate issued by the NTC authorizing the holder to operate a TVRO

station.

1.5 TVRO Station Licensea written authority issued by the NTC to a person, firm, company,

association or corporation authorizing the holder to operate a commercial TVRO station during the

period specified in the said instrument or authorization.

SECTION 2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1The operation of a Non-Commercial TVRO station required a Registration Certificate from the NTC.

2.2 The operation of a commercial TVRO station requires a TVRO station license.


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2.3 The Commission shall register only equipment that are type approved/type accepted by the

Commission.

2.4 The use of received program materials by TVRO stations shall be subject to the existing domestic and

international copyright laws applicable thereto.

2.5A one-time registration fee shall be paid by a non-commercial and commercial TVRO station in the

amount of P5,000.00.

2.6A commercial TVRO shall pay an annual license fee of P2,000.00. Said TVRO license may be renewed

by filing an application 60 days prior to the expiry date of the license.

SECTION 3. ACCREDITATION OF DEALERS, SUPPLIERS AND MANUFACTURER AND SERVICE CENTERS OF

TVRO EQUIPMENT

In order to protect the public, the Commission shall accredit dealers, suppliers and manufacturers and

service center in accordance with MC 2-05-88 and all laws, rules and regulations.

SECTION 4. PROCEDURES FOR REGISTRATION OF TVRO STATIONS

4.1Applicant shall apply for a Registration Certificate/License from the Commission (NTC) or any of its

Regional Office by accomplishing the forms provided for the purpose.

4.2The grantee of Registration certificate or TVRO station license shall comply with all applicable rules

and regulations, in so far as technical, programming and such other requirements and conditions that

the Commission may impose.

SECTION 5. POSTING OF REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE

The posting of Registration Certificate or TVRO station license on a conspicuous place near the premise

of a TVRO station is required.

SECTION 6. INSPECTION OF TVRO STATIONS

6.1The Commission reserves the right to conduct inspections/investigation of the TVRO station during

reasonable hours of the day.

6.2 The Commission further reserves its right to suspend or revoke the registration certificate of any

TVRO station found in violation of the rules and regulations of the Commission

SECTION 7. SANCTIONS

7.1Any TVRO station found to be operating in violation of any laws, rules and regulations of the

Commission or without a valid Registration Certificate and or TVRO station license shall be closed,

suspended, removed or rendered non-operational.

7.2Furthermore, any person, firm, corporation or association who shall violate any provision of this

Circular or any provision of the Radio Laws and Regulations, both local and international shall be

imposed in addition to the above a fine of not more than P 2,000 for individual and not more than

P5,000 for company or corporation.

The Commission may revise or amend this circular as the need arises in the interest of the public service.

This Circular shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in the Official Gazette or any


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newspaper of general circulation, and upon submission of at least three (3) copies hereof to the

University of the Philippines Law Center.

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESARTICLE IIDECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private

enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESARTICLE XII

NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

Section 19. The State shall regulate or prohibit monopolies when the public interest so requires. No

combinations in restraint of trade or unfair competition shall be allowed.

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESARTICLE XVI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 10.The State shall provide the policy environment for the full development of Filipino capability

and the emergence of communication structures suitable to the needs and aspirations of the nation and

the balanced flow of information into, out of, and across the country, in accordance with a policy that

respects the freedom of speech and of the press.

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