ethical issues on rfid presentation
TRANSCRIPT
RFID Chip Implants in HumansAn Ethical Debate
Radio Frequency IdentificationRelevant facts
A form of Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technology Expected to replace barcodes Radio Frequency Identification Developed during World War II, out of the radar experiments 1970s - RFID implementations started to occur, but the cost of the tags were still very high, use was limited
1997 - low cost tags made available 1980s - toll systems breakthrough
1990s the proliferation of competing systems and radio frequencies employed created the need for standards and interoperability
Before the year 2000, the most common uses for RFID in the USA included toll way passes, access ID cards and ID chips that are inserted in animals for identification
As the technology improved, its applications increased Standards were developed to allow systems to work together miniaturization of the tags improvements in manufacturing dropped the price of the tags mass production and use of the system
How does RFID work?The tag senses the RF wave, and responds with some data
The tag responds to a signal from the Interrogator, which in turn sends a signal to the Computer
A reader RF wave to a tag
Radio Frequency Bands 13 MHZ (HF) tags: better at penetrating liquids used for access control such as in security cards and wristbands. read range is about 3 feet or 1 meter.
900 MHZ (UHF) tags: reading multiple tags simultaneously
ideal tags for inventory purposes read range at this frequency is about 3-10 feet or more depending on what type of reader, interrogator or access point is used.
Radio Frequency Bands The lower frequencies 125-134kHz and 13.56MHz work much better near water or humans than do the higher frequency tags The generic frequencies for RFID are: 125 - 134 kHz 13.56 MHz UHF (400 930 MHz) 2.45 GHz 5.8 GHz
RFID vs Bar CodesRFID ADVANTAGE Bar Codes ADVANTAGE
Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) Inventory Efficiency Return on Investment Vulnerability to damage is minimized Does not require line of sight Contact-less
Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) Low cost
RFID vs Bar CodesRFID DISADVANTAGE Bar Codes DISADVANTAGE
Dead areas and orientation problems Security concerns Ghost tags Proximity issues High costs Unread tags Vulnerable to damage
Need to be seen Cannot be written on or defaced Cannot be exposed to harsh environments Cannot change the data once they are printed Take up space on the object they are printed on Staff intensive
Types of RFID1. Passive do not require an internal power source 2. Active has internal power source 3. Semi-passive (battery-assisted)
RFID ApplicationsSupply Chain Automation/ Asset Tracking People Tracking
Manufacturing
Retail/ Warehouses Real-time inventoryMedical application biometric measurements in cases of emergency infants, elderly, and patients with chronic diseases Livestock Timing
RFID Implant on Humans
Infant Protection
Emergency Management
Patient Identification Wander Prevention Vibration Monitoring Assetrac system
Tool and Equipment Management System
Ethical Dilemma
ETHICAL DILEMMAGOOD BAD
Emergency Management Secure patient identification Infant security Safety Management
Unsecured data storage Possible abuse and misuse of personal information People-tracking RFID implants to store financial information
ETHICAL DILEMMAGOOD BAD
Unsecured data storage
SAFETY & SECURITY
VERSUS
Possible abuse and misuse of personal information
PRIVACY
People-tracking RFID implants to store financial information
STAKEHOLDERS
Patients and Patrons RFID Manufacturers Database caretakers Government and Legislators
Alternatives
ALTERNATIVE #1
RFID Chip Implants should be made available and its potential should be maximize
ALTERNATIVE #1
Utilitarianismprovide convenience for everyone especially to those who need close medical attention people can readily pay for items (no need to bring cash or credit cards)
ALTERNATIVE #1
CareProvide security Ability to track down terrorists and criminals Ability to track missing loved ones
ALTERNATIVE #1
RightsProvides basic right to health care Doctors can access their patients medical histories faster Help save lives
ALTERNATIVE #1
improvement of health care and security of people the benefits far outweigh the perceived ill effects
ALTERNATIVE #2
RFID Chip Implants should NOT be made available.
ALTERNATIVE #2
RFID Chip Implants are: Not necessary Not beneficial Not practicable
ALTERNATIVE #2
RFID implants linked to cancer!
ALTERNATIVE #2
ALTERNATIVE #2
ALTERNATIVE #2
ALTERNATIVE #2
However
ALTERNATIVE #2
To ban RFID chip implants is to deprive these individuals of medical and security benefits that this technology offers.
ALTERNATIVE #2
This alternative upholds the value of PRIVACY, and serves to protect the possible encroachment on peoples basic human liberties.
ALTERNATIVE #3 RFID Chip Implants should be made available under certain conditions
ALTERNATIVE #3Utilitarianism
The technology could benefits the elderly, babies/children, and people stricted by heath conditions Condition: Limit and control of information stored in the chips
ALTERNATIVE #3Rights Everyone have the right to the technology The technology is available to the public People have the right to use or not to use the technology Intended users should be fully disclosed on how the technology works, side effect and how it could affect their lives
ALTERNATIVE #3Justice
Establish law and regulations on RFIDTherefore,
Ensured security and safety of the data stored
ALTERNATIVE #3VirtueBy not imposing the use of the chips and making the technology available to those who need it, we respect people as human being and not just some machines that need to be controlled
ALTERNATIVE #3CareBetter treatment of patients cause all historical medical date is available in one chip and can be easily extracted with a scanner The technology can be used to locate family members in case of emergency or disaster
ALTERNATIVE #3When these safeguards are put into place, the technologys potential to locate family members in case of emergency or disaster, and the uplifting of the publics health care, will be maximized
Conclusion Recommendation
We abide to European Group on Ethics (EGE) principles that govern the adoption of implantable RFID devices in the human body, to wit: The objective is important, like saving lives, restoring health and improving the quality of life. Implant is necessary to achieve this objective. There is no less invasive and more cost effective method of achieving the objective
we believe that a controlled balance between the technologys benefits and perceived ill effects will promote the maximum advantage to the society as a whole
With conditionsLimited application Voluntary basis Security of information Robust research and studies Full disclosure of the technologys benefits and ill effects
Jason Bibit Richard Huang Stanley Naibaho Ryan L. Relato Utami Setiawan Annisa Dwi Sukma Amra Yondonsuren