ethical decision making: earning public trust sally rhys, ms, sphr, ccep international public...
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Ethical Decision Making:
Earning Public Trust
Sally Rhys, MS, SPHR, CCEPInternational Public Management Association: Human ResourcesWestern Region ConferenceApril 28, 2011
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Diego’s Dilemma
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Ethical Dilemma
Right vs Right
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
The Four Dilemmas
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#1
Truth Loyaltyvs
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#2
Short Term
Long Term
vs
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#3
Individual Communityvs
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#4
Justice Mercyvs
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
The Four Dilemmas
Truth versus Loyalty
Short Term versus Long Term
Individual versus Community
Justice versus Mercy From How Good People Make Tough Choices by Rushworth Kidder
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Three Moral Frameworks
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Ends Based Thinking
“The greatest good for the greatest number.”
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Rule Based Thinking
A suitable rule for everyone else to follow in similar situations.
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Care Based Thinking
The Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
The Three Moral Frameworks
Ends Based
Rule Based
Care Based
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Decision Making Models
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#1: Santa Clara University
1. Recognize the situation as an ethical issue
2. Get the facts
3. Evaluate alternative actions
4. Make a decision and test it
5. Act and reflect on the outcomes
From Markkula Center for Applied Ethics
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#2: The Four ImperativesLegal: Societies’ Agreements
Pragmatic: Good for Business
Perceptual: Need for Support
Personal:Individual Value
From Moral Leadership in Business by LaRue T. Hosmer and Navran Associates
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Four Imperatives cont’d
Legal Imperative: Is this action according to laws? Is it in accordance with commonly accepted rights
of others? Pragmatic Imperative:
Is this action likely to make good business sense? Is this action going to support more efficient
production?From Moral Leadership in Business by LaRue T. Hosmer and Navran Associates
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Four Imperatives cont’d
Perceptual Imperative: Would I be proud to see this reported on national
TV? Will this action build a sense of community?
Personal Imperative: Is this congruent with my values? Would I condone this activity in others?
From Moral Leadership in Business by LaRue T. Hosmer and Navran Associates
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
!!! Fatal Flaw!!!
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
#3: Person-Situation Interactionist
Stage of Cognitive
Development
Individual Moderators
SituationalModerators
Ability toApplyPreviousModels
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Stages of Cognitive Development
1&2: Concerned with concrete consequences
3&4: Concerned with what is “right”
5&6: Right is determined by universal values or principles
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Personality: Individual Differences
Sense of Self Self management, e.g. resist impulses, follow own
convictions
The Situation Follow the crowd: Degree of dependence on context vs
internal moral compass to guide actions
Self determining Master of own fate: Degree of belief that outcomes are due
to self rather than fate/luck/destiny
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Situational Variables
Job Context Good behaviors noticed? Bad behaviors punished? Pressure due to time, budget, resources?
Organizational Culture Norms Role models Obedience to authority Responsibility for consequences
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Oregon State Guidelines
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Washington State Guidelines
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
California State Guidelines
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
IMPA-HR: Principles and Values Statement
…highest standards of professional competence and personal conduct
…respect the dignity of all individuals …uphold all federal, state, and local laws..to
instill in the public a sense of confidence and trust about the conduct of my employer
..avoid a conflict of interest …not compromise, for personal gain.., my
integrity
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Case Study
Find a case study at your table Find a decision making model at your table Apply assigned model to case study:
debate to force higher contributions Think about process, not so much outcome
Santa Clara Four Imperatives
Prepare to share key insights about the model
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Report out
What did you learn by using the model?
What is the impact on different stakeholders?
Could you personally live with the decision?
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
In the moment…
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Publicity TestWould I want this on the front page of a major newspaper?
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Fairness Test
Would I treat my best friend this way?
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Universality Test
Would I recommend others go in the same direction?
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What would you do if you were Diego?
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Ethical Leadership
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Resources How Good People Make Tough Choices, Rushworth
Kidder Moral Leadership in Business, LaRue T. Hosmer www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-
Situation Interactionist Model, Linda K. Trevino, Academy of Management Review, 1986
Defining Moments, Joseph L. Badaracco, Jr Me!
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Sally Rhys, Focus on Business Ethics, 4/28/2011
Thank you!
Sally Rhys, MS, CCEP, SPHR
www.FocusonBusinessEthics.com
971-678-0489
Have ethics. Will travel.