estimates of co2 storage capacity in europe
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IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
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Estimates of CO2 storage capacity in EuropeTo cite this article Karen Lyng Anthonsen et al 2009 IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 6 172006
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S1707 Estimates of CO2 storage capacity in Europe Karen Lyng Anthonsen T Vangkilde-Pedersen LH Vangkilde-Pedersen GEUS Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Copenhagen Denmark The world demands for energy continue to rise and if energy has to be affordable and effective we probably have to continue using hydrocarbons for the next 30-40 years To reduce CO2 emissions from large point sources CO2 capture and storage (CCS) could be a bridge-building technological solution between hydrocarbon based energy and future energy forms The interest in CO2 capture and storage as a method of reducing CO2 emissions has underlined the need for more knowledge regarding geological storage capacity The question is where and how much CO2 can actually be stored in Europe The EU co-financed projects Joule II GESTCO and GeoCapacity have focused on assessment of storage capacity in Europe The GESTCO project which pioneered the development of CO2 emissions and geological storage mapping in Europe has served as an international example The GESTCO project ended in 2003 with CO2 storage capacity estimates for 8 European countries Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece the Netherlands Norway and the United Kingdom The following project GeoCapacity increased the number of participating countries by ten and further development of innovative methods of capacity assessment took place The GeoCapacity project ended in December 2008 and included storage capacity assessment for the ten new European countries and updated assessments for the previously covered countries The first phase of the projects was to carry out a series of case studies which evaluated the CO2 storage potential of saline aquifers hydrocarbon reservoirs and coal seams Experience gained from these case studies was used to improve theoretical generic information for real geological environments building improved professional standards for assessment of geological storage capacity The second phase was to define technical criteria for site selection and to find new possible storage sites by evaluation of existing seismic surveys and well logs Inventories of major industrial CO2 point sources in Europe were collected in order to evaluate the match between point sources and storage sites All information was integrated in a GIS-database The areas with potential for geological storage of CO2 are sedimentary basins This fact is reflected in the uneven distribution of CO2 storage potential between the individual countries involved in the projects The saline aquifers have by far the largest storage capacity followed by depleted hydrocarbon fields and coal seams only have a minor potential The case studies of the saline aquifers reveal that further detailed work is needed to confirm the significant storage capacity In particular it is necessary to reduce uncertainties regarding geological conditions of potential storage site and the volumes of CO2 that could be injected without unacceptable pressure increase Although the potential storage capacity of deep saline aquifers is many times greater than that of hydrocarbon fields there are some obvious advantages of using depleted hydrocarbon fields as storage sites The geology of the hydrocarbon fields is well known the fields have proven their capability of retaining fluids and gases for millions of years existing infrastructure can be reused and it may be possible to use CO2 injection for Enhanced OilGas Recovery (EOREGR) Analysis of the CO2 point sources reveals that for most countries a relatively small number of CO2 point sources account for a significant proportion of the total CO2 emissions This indicates that a significant reduction in total national CO2 emissions could be achieved by adapting a relatively small number of high emission industrial plants for CO2 capture and storage Combining information of emission sources with the mapping of geological CO2 storage sites eventually lead to matching CO2 sources with potential geological reservoirs Geological studies mainly in Western Europe including the Northern North Sea reveal considerable storage potential ndash however it is geographically unevenly distributed Nevertheless the analysis shows that geological storage of CO2 can be a realistic option in the majority of the countries studied Based on existing data the Joule II GESTCO and GeoCapacity projects have indicated the presence of significant CO2 storage capacity in underground porous and permeable reservoir rocks Preliminary results from the GeoCapacity project estimate the annual CO2 emission from large point sources to 2Gt and a total storage capacity of 350Gt These results imply that in the near future CO2 capture and storage has the potential to provide very deep cuts in European CO2 emissions By implementation of CO2 capture and storage we have the opportunity to introduce an almost CO2-neutral method using fossil fuel while waiting for the development of future cleaner energy options
Climate Change Global Risks Challenges and Decisions IOP PublishingIOP Conf Series Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 172006 doi1010881755-130767172006
ccopy 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd 1
Climate Change Global Risks Challenges and Decisions IOP PublishingIOP Conf Series Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 172006 doi1010881755-130767172006
2
S1707 Estimates of CO2 storage capacity in Europe Karen Lyng Anthonsen T Vangkilde-Pedersen LH Vangkilde-Pedersen GEUS Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Copenhagen Denmark The world demands for energy continue to rise and if energy has to be affordable and effective we probably have to continue using hydrocarbons for the next 30-40 years To reduce CO2 emissions from large point sources CO2 capture and storage (CCS) could be a bridge-building technological solution between hydrocarbon based energy and future energy forms The interest in CO2 capture and storage as a method of reducing CO2 emissions has underlined the need for more knowledge regarding geological storage capacity The question is where and how much CO2 can actually be stored in Europe The EU co-financed projects Joule II GESTCO and GeoCapacity have focused on assessment of storage capacity in Europe The GESTCO project which pioneered the development of CO2 emissions and geological storage mapping in Europe has served as an international example The GESTCO project ended in 2003 with CO2 storage capacity estimates for 8 European countries Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece the Netherlands Norway and the United Kingdom The following project GeoCapacity increased the number of participating countries by ten and further development of innovative methods of capacity assessment took place The GeoCapacity project ended in December 2008 and included storage capacity assessment for the ten new European countries and updated assessments for the previously covered countries The first phase of the projects was to carry out a series of case studies which evaluated the CO2 storage potential of saline aquifers hydrocarbon reservoirs and coal seams Experience gained from these case studies was used to improve theoretical generic information for real geological environments building improved professional standards for assessment of geological storage capacity The second phase was to define technical criteria for site selection and to find new possible storage sites by evaluation of existing seismic surveys and well logs Inventories of major industrial CO2 point sources in Europe were collected in order to evaluate the match between point sources and storage sites All information was integrated in a GIS-database The areas with potential for geological storage of CO2 are sedimentary basins This fact is reflected in the uneven distribution of CO2 storage potential between the individual countries involved in the projects The saline aquifers have by far the largest storage capacity followed by depleted hydrocarbon fields and coal seams only have a minor potential The case studies of the saline aquifers reveal that further detailed work is needed to confirm the significant storage capacity In particular it is necessary to reduce uncertainties regarding geological conditions of potential storage site and the volumes of CO2 that could be injected without unacceptable pressure increase Although the potential storage capacity of deep saline aquifers is many times greater than that of hydrocarbon fields there are some obvious advantages of using depleted hydrocarbon fields as storage sites The geology of the hydrocarbon fields is well known the fields have proven their capability of retaining fluids and gases for millions of years existing infrastructure can be reused and it may be possible to use CO2 injection for Enhanced OilGas Recovery (EOREGR) Analysis of the CO2 point sources reveals that for most countries a relatively small number of CO2 point sources account for a significant proportion of the total CO2 emissions This indicates that a significant reduction in total national CO2 emissions could be achieved by adapting a relatively small number of high emission industrial plants for CO2 capture and storage Combining information of emission sources with the mapping of geological CO2 storage sites eventually lead to matching CO2 sources with potential geological reservoirs Geological studies mainly in Western Europe including the Northern North Sea reveal considerable storage potential ndash however it is geographically unevenly distributed Nevertheless the analysis shows that geological storage of CO2 can be a realistic option in the majority of the countries studied Based on existing data the Joule II GESTCO and GeoCapacity projects have indicated the presence of significant CO2 storage capacity in underground porous and permeable reservoir rocks Preliminary results from the GeoCapacity project estimate the annual CO2 emission from large point sources to 2Gt and a total storage capacity of 350Gt These results imply that in the near future CO2 capture and storage has the potential to provide very deep cuts in European CO2 emissions By implementation of CO2 capture and storage we have the opportunity to introduce an almost CO2-neutral method using fossil fuel while waiting for the development of future cleaner energy options
Climate Change Global Risks Challenges and Decisions IOP PublishingIOP Conf Series Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 172006 doi1010881755-130767172006
ccopy 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd 1
Climate Change Global Risks Challenges and Decisions IOP PublishingIOP Conf Series Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 172006 doi1010881755-130767172006
2
Climate Change Global Risks Challenges and Decisions IOP PublishingIOP Conf Series Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 172006 doi1010881755-130767172006
2