Estimates

Rough Estimate (m3 / m2) (Based on plinth area basis)

1. Earth work:

300 Class loading 500 class loadingSingle bay Two bay Single bay Two bay

0.1 + (22.2 nD/q) 0.1 +( 18.9 nD/q) 0.1 +( 24.8 nD/q) 0.1 +( 21.5 nD/q) Where

n = No. of floorsD = Depth in metersq = SBC in KN/m2

2. Brick work for foundation and basement : Q = m3 / m2

Span Single bay Two bay4.0 m 0.17 0.145.0 m 0.16 0.136.0 m 0.14 0.127.0 m 0.13 0.11

3. Brick wall for superstructure:

Load bearing = 0.40 to 0.45 m3 / m2

4. DPC :Framed structure = 0.1 m2 / m2

Load bearing = 0.23 m2 / m2

5. Centering: m2/ m2

Grade beam= 0.35 < 0.40 < 0.45 m2 / m2

Slab, beam etcSpan Single bay Two bay4.0 m 1.57 1.495.0 m 1.51 1.456.0 m 1.47 1.42

6. RCC for isolated footingRCC / m2 = X for LL

Total quantity = X A0 where A0 = Cumulative ultimate floor area in m2

SBC in KN/m2

3.0 KN/m2 5.0 KN/m2

Single bay Two bay Single bay Two bay

50 0.216 0.188 0.245 0.215

75 0.137 0.119 0.155 0.137

100 0.089 0.077 0.100 0.088

120 0.071 0.062 0.080 0.071

150 0.055 0.048 0.062 0.055

200 0.041 0.036 0.046 0.041

220 0.035 0.0305 0.040 0.0354

250 0.030 0.026 0.0335 0.030

300 0.026 0.023 0.029 0.026

400 0.016 0.014 0.0185 0.0165

7. RCC for grade beam:Quantity / m2 = ySingle bay = 0.05Two bay = 0.04

Total requirement = y Ag where Ag = area of G.F.

8. RCC for superstructure:RCC quantity = z for LL

RCC/Floor = z Af where Af = Area of floor in m2

DescriptionQuantity = z for LL

3.0 KN/m2 5.0 KN/m2

Single bay Two bay Single bay Two bay

RCC floor 0.21 m3 / m2 0.19 m3 / m2 0.22 m3 per m2 0.20 m3 per m2

Note:1. This is inclusive of staircase and discontinuous sunshade but exclusive

of items (2) below.2. Include the following, if present:

a. For slab thickness > 100 mm add extra quantity per m2 over 0.1m3 b. For floor systems with primary and secondary beams add + 0.02 m3 / m2

c. For canopy in G.F, add 0.01 m3 / m2

d. For drops up to 1.20 m, add 0.01 m3 / m2

e. For Continuous sunshade of 0.60 to 0.75 m alround the building, add 0.15 m3 / m2

f. For sun- breakers up to 0.6 m, add 0.01 m3 / m2

Steel for slab, beam & column (item wise)

Description Live load 3 KN/m2 5 KN/m2

Single bay Two bay Single bay Two bay

i. Slab 0.100 0.100 0.10 0.10ii. Beams 0.065 0.055 0.07 0.06iii. Columns 0.045 0.035 0.05 0.04iv. Staircase,sunshade etc. 0.010 0.010 0.01 0.01a. Qty / m3 with primary beamsb. Qty with primary and secondary beamsSteel required for columns reinforcement / m3

with primary beam400 45 38 48 42300 41 35 43 38225 37 32 39 35

with secondary beam400 50 43 53 47300 46 40 48 43200 42 37 44 40

9. Plastering in CM 1:5 – 12 mm thick:

2.3 to 2.6 m2 / m2 of plinth area

10. Finishing the RCC::

2.4 m2 / m2 (10mm thick)

11. White washing:

4.7 to 5.0 m2 / m2

12. Wood scantling:

Doors D = 0.018 m3 / m2 of shutter area Windows W = 0.019 m3 to 0.025 / m2 of shutter area Ventilators V = 0.02 m3 / m2 of shutter areaBased on thumb ruleWood required for door = 1 {Door area in m 2 } 10 2Wood required for glazed window with ventilator = 1 {window area in m 2 } 12 2

Steel requirement / m 2 on Plinth area basis

S.No. Type of Building Load bearing Framed structure1

Residential Buildings 25 to 30 Kg 35 to 40 Kg

2Public Buildings 30 to 35 Kg 40 to 50 Kg

Foundation & Basement Framed Structure (GF+ 3 Floors)

S.No. Type of Building Steel Qty. in Kg / m2

1Residential Flats

(Multi storey )5 Kg / m2

2

Office Building

(a) Load Bearing (b) Framed

4 Kg / m2

6..5 Kg / m2

3Commercial Buildings such as Bus Stand, Restaurants etc. 7.5 Kg / m2

Approximate Quantity of steel requirement (General)

S.No. Description Qty. of Steel in Kg / m3

1 Footings 50 to 65

2 Cast in situ Piles30 to 50

3 Plinth Beam 70 to 100

4 Lintel100 to 130

5 Column100 to 200

6 Beam150 to 200

7 Slab60 to 75

8 Stairs90 to 120

Estimation of Quantity of Reinforcement

For rough calculation of reinforcement steel in construction Projects following thumb rule

may be adopted:

(i) Slab 80 Kg / m3

(ii) Beam 110 Kg / m3

(iii) Column 160 Kg / m3

(iv) Footing slab 80 Kg / m3

Reinforcement Based on % of Steel

Reinforcement %( of c.s. of concrete)

Quantity of Steel in Kg / m3

0.5 % 391.0 % 781.50% 1172.0 % 1582.5 % 1963.0 % 2353.5 % 2744.0 % 3134.5 % 3525.0 % 392

Note: 20 % should be added in these values to take in to account laps, bends, wastage etc., while computing Kg / m3.

Preliminary Estimation for reinforcement for Building Works

Sl.No. Member Qty. in Kg/m3 Size of steel required

1 Column footings 75 10mm or 12mm

2 Grade beams 10012, 16mm 85% Stirrups 6mm or 6mm 15%

3 Plinth beams 1258mm Dia 85%,Stirrups 6mm 15%

4 Columns 22516,20, 25 mm 90% Ties 6 mm or 8 mm 10%

5 Lintel Beam 12512, 16mm Dia 85%Stirrups 8mm or 6mm 15%

6 Sunshades 608mm Dia 75% Distributor 6 mm 25%

7 Canopy slab up to 2.0 m span 12510mm dia 80%Distributor 8mm or 6 mm 20%

8 Staircase waist slab 15012 or 16mm dia 85%Distributor 8mm dia 15%

9 Roof slab    

(a) One way 808mm dia 70%Distributor 6mm 30%

(b) Two way 100 8mm dia 100%

(c) Square slab 4 to 6m size 150 10 - 12mm dia 100%

10 Main beams above 6m 25020, 16, 12 mm 80% to 85%,Stirrups 8mm 15 to 20%

Note : All rods mentioned above are RTS except 6mm Φ rods

CEMENT

Cement requirement / m2 on Plinth area basisS.No. Type of Building Load bearing Framed Structure

1 Residential buildings 5 to 6 Bags 5 to 7 Bags2 Public buildings 4 to 5 Bags 6 to 8 Bags

3 Residential Flats ( Multi

storey)---- 3.2 to 4.0 Bags

4 Office building 2.4 to 3.0 Bags 5 Bags 5 Commercial buildings such as

Bus Stand, Restaurants etc. ----- 4.5 Bags

For Foundation & Basement of Framed Structure (up to 4 Storeyed ) alone

S.No. Type of Building Load bearing Framed Structure1 Residential Flats ---- 0.4 Bags / m2

2 Office building 0.36 Bags / m2 0.5 Bags / m2

3 Commercial building ---- 0.45 Bags / m2

Minimum Cement content required for various Grade of Concrete

S.No. Grade of Concrete Cement content in Kg / m3 of concrete

Max. W/c ratio

As per TCE

As perIS 456

1 M15 285 ---2(i)

M20

M20 (below G.L) M20 (above G.L)

360315

300 0.55

3(i)

M25

M25 (for Piles) M25 (for other structures)

400365

300 0.50

4 M30 415 320 0.455(i)(ii)

M35

M35 (for Piles) M35 (for other structures)

525475

340 0.45

6 M40 535 360 0.40

Note:- As per IS 456 – 2000 Maximum cement content should not exceed 450 Kg / m3

for the cement mortar to ensure that heat of hydration and shrinkage cracking are prevented.

Mix Proportion (Approximate)

1 Litre = 1000 cm3

35 litre = 400 x 350 x 250 mm

Mix Proportion Cement (Kg) Sand (Litre) CA (Litre)

M25 (1:1:2) 50 35 70 M20 (1:1.5:3) 50 52.5 105 1:1⅔ : 3⅓ 50 58.4 116.8 1: 2: 3 50 70 105 M15 (1:2:4) 50 70 140 1: 2½ : 5 50 87.5 175 M10 (1:3:6) 50 105 210 M5 (1:5:10) 50 M7.5 (1:4:8) 50

Note:1. Proportion of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate by volume generally 1:2 subject

to an upper limit to 1:1½ and a lower limit of 1: 2½.2. As a general guidance it may be noted that an average grading of fine aggregate,

the proportions shall be 1:1½ , 1:2 and 1:2½ for maximum size of coarse aggregate 10 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm respectively.

3. Water proofing compound at the rate of 2% by weight of cement is used. The approximate quantity of water proofing compound to be mixed for various concretes, mortars is as follows:1 m3 of cement concrete 1:1:2 =10.5 Kg1 m3 of cement concrete 1:1½ :3 = 8 Kg1 m3 of cement concrete 1::2 :4 = 6.2 Kg100 m2 of 12 mm thick plastering in CM 1:3 = 15 Kg plastering in CM 1:4 = 12 Kg

Brick Masonry Wall (IS 1905 – 1987)

Brick’s strength Type of bricks Mix Type

Below 5 N / mm2 Country bricks (Third Class)

1 : 6 M2

Above 5 N / mm2

Below 7.5 N / mm2Chamber bricks (Second Class)

1 : 5 M1

Above 7.5 N / mm2

Below 15 N / mm2Wire cut bricks

(First Class)1 : 5 M1

First Class (Metric / Wire cut bricks)

1 : 3

Panel walls, Partition walls & Compound walls

Brick Panels / Partition wall (11.5 cm Thick) CM 1 : 6 (Country bricks)

CM 1 : 5 (Second class / First class)

Load bearing walls : Maximum slenderness ratio 27

Tests for Bricks

Water absortion > 20% for First Class bricks > 22% for Second Class bricks >25% for Third Class bricks

Crushing Strength 105 Kg / cm2 - First Class bricks70 Kg / cm2 - Second Class bricks35 Kg / cm2 - Third Class bricksMore than 140 Kg / cm2 - Class AA brick450 – 500 Kg / cm2 - Heavy Duty machine bricks.

Slopes in Floor finish

Type of floor slope Toilet, cattle shed, Pavement 1 in 60Bath room, Verandah, Kitchen, Dry yard

1 in 100

Dining halls 1 in 200Mosaic floor general halls 1 in 350Pressed tiles over roof 1 in 50

COST OF BUILDING (GENERAL)

1. Cost of foundation & Plinth 18% (Up to G.L. 13% From G.L. to Plinth & DPC 5%) 2. Cost of Brick work from Plinth to Roof 23%3. Cost of RCC works except roofing 6% 4. Cost of flooring 20% ( RCC roof 15% Lime terracing 5%)

5. Cost of Flooring 6%6. Cost of Doors & Windows 20%7. Cost of Plastering & finishing 7%

Note: The cost excludes Water supply, Sanitary & Electrification.

COST OF MATERIALS & LABOUR FOR BUILDING WORK

Materials % Labour %Brick 16 Mason 8Sand 4 Carpenter 3.5C.A. 4.5 Mazdoor 12

Cement 19Timber in scantling 9.5

Steel 23.5Total 76.5 23.5

Overall 100%

SINGLE STOREY COST

Component % Plinth 18 Superstructure 27 Flooring 8 Roofing (Flat) 20 Wood work 17 Miscellaneous 10 Total 100

ORDINARY BUILDINGS

Materials % Labour % Cement 13 Excavation 1 Steel 10 Masons 25 Timber 12 Carpenter 12 Other Materials 25 Black smith 2 Total 60 Total 40

MANPOWER & MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Material Single Storey Double Storey Four Storey (R.C.C. Framed)

Bricks (100 Nos.) 2.26 A+66.8 2.15A+63 2.56A-0.0096A2-26.2Cement (Tonnes) 0.153A+0.57 0.145A+0.54 0.2024A-0.364Steel (Kg) 21.3A-314 21.97A305 102.46A-0.401A2-1662Sand (m3) 0.47A-7 0.376A-5.6 0.361A-0.38

Coarse aggregate (m3)

(i) 20 mm & down

(ii) 40 mm & down

0.176A-0.21

0.145A+1.5

0.178A-0.21

0.075A+0.78

0.295A-0.75

0.45+0.002A+0.0001A2

Timber (m3)(i) Frames &

shutters(ii) Shuttering

Lime (quintal) 0.145A-0.35 0.073A-0.17 0.063A-0.08Surkhi (m3)Bitumen (Kg)Glass (m2)Primar (litre)Paint (litre)