est_dw-19pm_01 desalination technologies for water treatment[1]

8/7/2019 EST_DW-19PM_01 Desalination Technologies for Water Treatment[1]

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Desalination Technologies

for Water Treatment

19 May, 2005

Hiroyuki Yamamura

Toray Industries, Inc.


2/12

World Map of Water Shortage and its PredictionWorld Map of Water Shortage and its Prediction

1995

2025

40%4020%2010%10%

WaterShortageRatio Middle EastSin -

gaporeKoreaPakistan, etc

India, Mexico,Europe TaiwanSouth Africa

Main countries of Severe WaterShortage 20

M-East, Korea

PakistanIndiaAlgeriaSouth Africa

MexicoChinaUSA Europe

Water shortage is increasingly spread. In 2025, Europe, USA, China willbe expected to be severe water shortage countries.

Toray Membranes under operation

New CountriesSource : World

Meteorological

Organization, 2000


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Lake and Pond water

Clarification

Semi-Conductor-use

Pure Water Productio

Brackish Water

Desalination

Building Water Recicle

Tap Water Purificatio

Emergency Water

Storage

Seawater Desalination

Pure Water Production

Swimming Pool Clarification

Medical Water Production

Municipal Wastewater

Reclamation

Drinking Water Production

Wastewater Treatment

Boiler Water Production

Industrial Water Reuse

Industrial Process

Water Production

Contribution of Membrane technology

for Society


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Membrane and Relative Size of Common MaterialsMembrane and Relative Size of Common Materials

Membrane

Relative Size

of

Common

Materials

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10Size (m)Cl- ion

Na+ionPesticide, Organic Material

Zn2+ion

F- ion

Pb2+ ion

NO3-ion

TrihalomethaneHepatitis A Virus

Polio Virus

Virus

Influenza Virus Algae, Mad

Vibrio Cholerae

ColiformCryptosporidium

Bacillus anthracis

RO

NF

UFMF

Reverse Osmosis

Nanofiltration

MicrofiltrationUltrafiltration

Application

Sea Water Desalination


Drinking Water

Drinking Water


Drinking Water

Brackish Water Desalination

Membrane

Relative Size

of

Common

Materials

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10Size (m)Size (m)Cl- ion

Na+ionPesticide, Organic Material

Zn2+ion

F- ion

Pb2+ ion

NO3-ion

TrihalomethaneHepatitis A Virus

Polio Virus

Virus

Influenza Virus Algae, Mad

Vibrio Cholerae

ColiformCryptosporidium

Bacillus anthracis

RO

NF

UFMF

Reverse Osmosis

Nanofiltration

MicrofiltrationUltrafiltration

Application



Drinking Water

Drinking Water


Drinking Water



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Separation Characteristics of Various MembranesSeparation Characteristics of Various Membranes

UF/MF MembranesRO/NF Membranes

RO: 100 nm

Ions

Dissolvedmatter

Suspended SolidParticles

Pore size

Separation

mechanism

RO: Molecular interactionSolution diffusion

Electric repulsion

NF: Size exclusion

MF: Dynamic separation

Size exclusion

UF: Electric repulsion

Permeation

and

rejection

Middle to highMW materials (Mw >200)

Water

Membrane

Multivalent ions


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Application of RO MembranesApplication of RO Membranes

Ultra Pure Water Industrial Process Water

Recovery of Valuables

1. Industrial

Pure Water for Boilers3. Wastewater

Reuse &ReclamationFood Industry Process Water

RO Membranes



2. Drinking Water

IndustryAgriculture

Indirect Drinking

Water


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Reverse Osmosis Membrane Torays Trade Name Romembra TM

Feedw

ater

ROmembrane

Permeate

carrier

Meshspa

cer

Permeate

Brinesea

l

Permeate

Brine

Produ

cttube

Feedwat

er

1. Purpose

2.Application

Desalination of seawater,brackish waterProduction of ultra pure water

Removal of harmful material from

underground water,drinking water

Treatment of waste water,reuse ofwaste water

4.Membrane

5.Spiral wound module

Optical microscope photograph

(Ultra-thin salt rejection layer)

0.5m

Outside

surface

Cross

section

Removal of dissolved salts, ion

particles in feed water as well as

minute particles and microorganism,and production of pure desalinated

water.

3.TechnologyMembrane Technology

Module assemblyInterfacial polycondensation

Ultra-thin salt rejection

layer crosslinked fully

aromatic polyamide

2,000

Supporting layer

polysulfone45m

Base fabric

polyester fabric

150m


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Conventional Brackish Water Desalination SystemConventional Brackish Water Desalination System

Pretreatment CartridgeFilter RO Element

HighPressure

PumpMotor

FeCl3

Chlorine H2SO4

NaHSO3

Brine

ProductWater

Chlorine

River Water Tank Feed Tank

*) Spiral element


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Water Production CostWater Production Cost

0

50

100

/m

3

Sea Water

Desalination

(MSF) Sea Water

Desalination

(RO) Wastewater Reuse

(MF + RO)

Ground water

Surface Water

Treatment (MF)

MSF(

literature

)

Singap

ore

136,00

0(m3 /d)

(2001)

Kuwa

it

310,00

0(m3 /d)

(2004)

Estima

tion

100,00

0(m3 /d)

(2002)

WaterProductionCost(yen/m3)

Water Resource can be Chosen by CountryWater Resource can be Chosen by Country


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Okinawa Sea Water Desalination PlantOkinawa Sea Water Desalination Plant

(Capacity:(Capacity: 40,000 m40,000 m/d, 1996)/d, 1996)

RO Module Installation

(each unit produces 5,000m/d)

40,000m/d: Tap water for 160,000 people

Toray Module is used in Japans Largest PlantToray Module is used in Japans Largest Plant


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Comparison of Wastewater Treatment Technology

Activated Sludge MethodWastewater Reactor Sedimentation Tank

Discharge

Reactor Sedimentation TankWastewater

RO Reuse

MF Membrane Low fouling RO

Wastewater

ReuseRO

MF

High Quality

Water ]

NO Sedimentation Tank

Immersed Membrane )Low fouling RO

MF

High Quality W.MBRMembrane Bio- ReactorNo Sedimentation Tank


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UF & MF MembranesUF & MF Membranes Breakdown of World ApplicationsBreakdown of World Applications --

Drinking WaterWastewaterTreatment

Industrial

Water

Ref: David H. Furukawa,

WATERMARK, October 17, 2002

Others

Total Water Production: 4.9 million m3/d

est_dw-19pm_01 desalination technologies for water treatment[1]

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