establishing the rule of law. communist party-state guardianship –party represents the...
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Establishing the Rule of Law
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Communist party-state
• guardianship– party represents the “historical best interests”
of the people– CCP’s “people’s democratic dictatorship”
allows no organized opposition to party leadership
• hierarchy of party organizations– “democratic centralism”– consultation and implementation
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Communist party-state
• Organizational design of political system– borrowed from Leninist party-state of the FSU– principles of guardianship and hierarchy– Mao added the idea of the “mass line” in ’40s
• political reforms after the Maoist era– ideology became much less prominent and
coherent– no fundamental systematic change
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V illa ge
T o w n sh ip
C o u n ty/D is trict
C it y
P ro v in ce
C e n ter
Party Structure
T o w n sh ip
C o u n ty/D is trict
C it y
P ro v in ce
C e n ter
Governm ent Structure
Village
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CCP General Secretary
• Jiang Zemin (1989 - 2002)
• Hu Jintao (2002 - )
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Politburo Standing Committee
• Each heads party work in one area– organization and personnel– propaganda and education– finance and economy– political and legal affairs– foreign affairs– etc.
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PRC Head of State
• President
• Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)– also then CCP General Secretary
• Hu Jintao (2003-2008)– also current CCP General Secretary
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Central Government
• Premier: Wen Jiabao (2003-2008)
• State Council
• 29 Ministries and Commissions– Ministry of Foreign Affairs– Ministry of National Defense– State Development & Reform Commission– People’s Bank of China– etc.
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National People’s Congress
• According to the constitution, the highest organization of state authority
• NPC Standing Committee– the permanent body of NPC exercises all but
the most formal powers of the NPC
• 8 Special Committees– legislative affairs, nationalities, agriculture &
rural, foreign affairs, etc.
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National People’s Congress
• NPC plenary sessions– meet annually in Beijing– for about 2 weeks
• the nearly 3,000 deputies are elected– for 5-year terms– by provincial-level people’s congresses
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Constitutional Amendments
• 1999– “rule of law”
• 2004:– private property right– human rights
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China’s Judicial System
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Instrumentalism
• Mao Zedong era (1949 – 1976)– law as a “tool of the proletariat dictatorship”
• Reform era (1979 - present)– economic development and Party legitimacy– social order and stability– rule by law– political-legal system of the Party– the principle of “flexibility”
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Democracy Movements
• 1978 – 1979– “Democracy Wall” movement
• 1988 – 1989– Tian’anmen
• 1998 – 1999– “China Democracy Party”
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FaLun
Gong
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Falun Dafa
• Falun– “high-power material that turns 24 hours a
day”
• “Truthfulness”
• “Benevolence”
• “Forbearance”– “use all kinds of means to eradicate evil”
• organization