establishing monetary union in the gulf cooperation council: what lessons for regional cooperation?

7/31/2019 Establishing Monetary Union in the Gulf Cooperation Council: What Lessons for Regional Cooperation?

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JIE@ [bua`dk Sjsnu ]nu`n}

N}yjef`}g`dk Lbdnyjup ^d`bd `d ygnK~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f?[gjy Fn}}bd} hbu Unk`bdjfMbbsnujy`bd2

]g`do` Yjajk`

Db$ =03Bmybenu 53:5

J}`jd Inxnfbslndy Ejda @d}y`y~yn


2/24

Ygn [bua`dk Sjsnu }nu`n} `} j mbdy`d~jy`bd bh ygn hbulnufp djlni I`}m~}}`bd Sjsnu }nu`n}1 ygnd~lenu`dk bh ygn sjsnu} mbdy`d~ni {`ygb~y `dynuu~sy`bd bu mgjdkn$ JIE@} {bua`dk sjsnu}unhfnmy `d`y`jf ìnj} bd j ybs`m jdi jun sb}yni bdf`dn hbu i`}m~}}`bd$ JIE@ ndmb~ujkn} unjinu} ybsb}y ygnù mbllndy} bd ygn lj`d sjkn hbu njmg {bua`dk sjsnu 'k`xnd `d ygn m`yjy`bd enfb{$]bln {bua`dk sjsnu} ljp inxnfbs `dyb bygnu hbul} bh s~ef`mjy`bd$

]~kkn}yni m`yjy`bd?

Yjajk`& ]$ 53:5$ N}yjef`}g`dk Lbdnyjup ^d`bd `d ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f? [gjy Fn}}bd}hbu Unk`bdjf Mbbsnujy`bd2 JIE@ [bua`dk Sjsnu =03$ Ybapb? J}`jd Inxnfbslndy Ejda @d}y`y~yn$Jxj`fjefn? gyys?""{{{$jie`$buk"{bua`dk,

sjsnu"53:5":3":0">587$lbdnyjup$~d`bd$k~fh$mbbsnujy`bd$mb~dm`f"

Sfnj}n mbdyjmy ygn j~ygbu hbu `dhbuljy`bd jeb~y yg`} sjsnu$

Nlj`f? yjajk`Cnmbd$b}jaj,~$jm$os

]g`do` Yjajk` `} subhn}}bu bh nmbdbl`m} jy ygn Kuji~jyn ]mgbbf bh Nmbdbl`m}& B}jaj^d`xnu}`yp& Ojsjd$

Yg`} sjsnu {j} sun}ndyni jy ygn J}`jd Inxnfbslndy Ejda @d}y`y~yn 'JIE@Eubba`dk}{bua}gbs bd H`djdm`jf Unk`bdjf`}l jdi ygn @dynudjy`bdjf Lbdnyjup ]p}ynl& gnfi `d[j}g`dkybd& IM bd 5; Bmybenu 53::$ @y `} hbuygmbl`dk `d j xbf~ln yb en ni`yni epLj}jgùb Aj{j` jdi Iblnd`mb Fblejui`$ Ygn j~ygbu gj} endnh`yni hubl i`}m~}}`bd {`ygLbg}`d Agjd& Jglni Jfagbf`hnp& Ijxì Ube`d}bd& Ljp Agjl`}& jdi J$ Suj}ji& j} {nffj} mbllndy} hubl Iblnd`mb Fblejui` jdi Mgjfbdksgbe ]~}}jdkajud$ Ygn j~ygbujfbdn `} un}sbd}èfn hbu jdp nuubu} bh hjmy bu `dynusunyjy`bd$

Ygn x`n{} nwsun}}ni `d yg`} sjsnu jun ygn x`n{} bh ygn j~ygbu jdi ib dby dnmn}}ju`fpunhfnmy ygn x`n{} bu sbf`m`n} bh JIE@& ygn JIE& `y} Ebjui bh Iùnmybu}& bu ygn kbxnudlndy}ygnp unsun}ndy$ JIE@ ibn} dby k~jujdynn ygn jmm~ujmp bh ygn ijyj `dmf~ini `d yg`} sjsnujdi jmmnsy} db un}sbd}è`f`yp hbu jdp mbd}nz~ndmn} bhygnù ~}n$ Ynul`dbfbkp ~}ni ljpdby dnmn}}ju`fp en mbd}`}yndy {`yg JIE bhh`m`jf ynul}$

J}`jd Inxnfbslndy Ejda @d}y`y~ynAj}~l`kj}na` E~`fi`dk 7H=,5,> Aj}~l`kj}na`& Mg`pbij,a~Ybapb :33,8337& Ojsjd

Ynf? !7:,=,=>0=,>>33Hjw? !7:,=,=>0=,>>;:ÛF? {{{$jie`$bukN,lj`f? `dhbCjie`$buk

53:5 J}`jd Inxnfbslndy Ejda @d}y`y~yn


3/24

JIE@ [bua`dk Sjsnu =03 Yjajk`

Je}yujmy

Ygn sjsnu unx`n{} ygn nwsnu`ndmn bh unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd `d ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bdMb~dm`f 'KMM$ Mbdmn`xni j} j unk`bdjf }nm~u`yp jff`jdmn& ygn KMM gj} nxbfxni yb enmbln jmbllbd ljuany `d ygn lja`dk$ Jff }`w KMM mb~dyu`n} sjuy`m`sjyn `d ygn mbllbd ljuany subonmy&jdi jii`y`bdjf mb~dyu`n} ljp ob`d$ E~y ygn y`l`dk bh `dyubi~m`dk j mbllbd m~uundmp& `d`y`jffp

yjuknyni hbu 53:3& unlj`d} ~dmnuyj`d& n}snm`jffp `d ygn f`kgy bh ygn bdkb`dk n~ub junj mu`}`}$ Y{bmb~dyu`n} gjxn {`ygiuj{d hubl ygn mbllbd m~uundmp subonmy1 jdbygnu gj} mnj}ni yb mblsfp{`yg j sununz~`}`yn hbu ndynu`dk ygn lbdnyjup ~d`bd$ E~y ygn KMM `} dby ygn }jln j} ygn KMMLbdnyjup ^d`bd& dbu }gb~fi ygn }~mmn}} bh ygn KMM en o~ikni }bfnfp bd ygn ej}`} bh gb{ ljdplnlenu }yjyn} ndi ~s sjuy`m`sjy`dk `d ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp$

Hubl ygn }yjdisb`dy bh J}`j& ygn mbdyuj}y jssnju} }yu`a`dk$ @d J}`j `y gj} ennd j }fb{ jdii`hh`m~fy submn}} yb hbul mbd}nd}~} bd unk`bdjf mbbsnujy`bd& e~y sbf`y`mjf jkunnlndy mbffnmy`xnfpyb sublbyn nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd {j} unjmgni ujygnu z~`mafp `d ygn KMM$ Nxnd }b& unk`bdjf`d}y`y~y`bd e~`fi`dk& n}snm`jffp `d munjy`dk unk`bdjf inm`}`bd,lja`dk ebi`n}& gj} ennd }fb{ `d ygnKMM1 ygn unk`bd `} pny yb }nn ygn inkunn bh nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd jfunjip nwsnu`ndmni `d J}`j$Jd `lsbuyjdy fn}}bd bh ygn KMM nwsnu`ndmn `} ygjy sbf`y`mjf {`ff jdi fnjinu}g`s jfbdn `} dby j

}~hh`m`ndy mbdi`y`bd hbu }~mmn}}$ [gjy ~fy`ljynfp inynul`dn} ygn }~mmn}} bh jdp unk`bdjfmbbsnujy`bd nhhbuy `} ygn {`ff`dkdn}} bh mb~dyu`n} yb }~uundinu sjuy bh ygn`u djy`bdjf }bxnun`kdyp& ji`hh`m~fy hnjy hbu jdp kub~s bh mb~dyu`n}$

ONF Mfj}}`h`mjy`bd? H:>& H=8& H>>& B>=


4/24


Mbdyndy}

:$ @dyubi~my`bd $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ =5$

Unk`bdjf ]nm~u`yp ygub~kg Nmbdbl`m Mbbsnujy`bd

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ =

=$ Kbxnudjdmn jdi Inm`}`bd Lja`dk `d ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >9$ Nmbdbl`m Mgjujmynu`}y`m} bh K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f Mb~dyu`n} $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8>$ @d}y`y~y`bdjf Jmg`nxnlndy} `d Nmbdbl`m Mbbsnujy`bd $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$::8$ [gjy ygn H~y~un Gbfi} $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$:9;$ Mbdmf~}`bd? [gjy Fn}}bd} hbu Unk`bdjf Nmbdbl`m Mbbsnujy`bd2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$:;Unhnundmn} $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5:


5/24


=

:$ @DYUBI^MY@BD

Yg`} sjsnu sun}ndy} j unx`n{ bh unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd `d ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f'KMM& {`yg j hbm~} bd ygn bukjd`jy`bd} ~fy`ljyn kbjf bh n}yjef`}g`dk lbdnyjup ~d`bd$ ]`dmnygn njufp :073}& ygn KMM{g`mg mblsu`}n} }`w lbdjumg`n} bh ygn Juje`jd Snd`d}~fj? Ejguj`d&

A~{j`y& Bljd& Zjyju& ]j~i` Juje`j& jdi ygn ^d`yni Juje Nlùjyn} '^JNgj} ennd hbuk`dkjgnji {`yg unk`bdjf mbbsnujy`bd nhhbuy}& {`yg j x`n{ yb sublby`dk nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd jlbdkygn lnlenu }yjyn}& `dmf~i`dk ygn nxndy~jf `dyubi~my`bd bh j }`dkfn m~uundmp$ Ygn KMM `} fbmjyni`d j sbf`y`mjffp xbfjy`fn unk`bd1 `y gbfi} lbun ygjd =3. bh ygn {bufi} subxnd b`f un}nuxn} jdi}~ssf`n} dnjufp 5>. bh ygn {bufi} snyubfn~l dnni} 'BSNM 53::$ Ygn {bufi} `dmunj}`dk`dynun}y `d ygn KMM} unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd nhhbuy} }ynl} dby bdfp hubl yg`} knbsbf`y`mjf`lsbuyjdmn e~y jf}b hubl ygn u`}`dk nmbdbl`m l`kgy bh ygn unk`bd j} `y gj} jlj}}ni yu`ff`bd} bhibffju} bh snyubfn~l {njfyg$ Ygn KMM} nwsnu`ndmn `} eb~di yb unmn`xn nxnd kunjynu jyyndy`bd&k`xnd ygn }yubdk fànf`gbbi ygjy j }`dkfn m~uundmp {`ff en `dyubi~mni `d ygn dnju h~y~un& jy fnj}yjlbdk j }~e}ny bh ygn lnlenu }yjyn}& jdi j} ygn lnlenu}g`s `} fànfp yb nwsjdi yb `dmf~inObuijd jdi Lbubmmb& `h dby Pnlnd$:

Ygn s~usb}n bh yg`} sjsnu `} yb iuj{ sbyndy`jf fn}}bd} hbu unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd epìndy`hp`dk ygn `dkuni`ndy} bh }~mmn}} jdi hj`f~un }nnd ygub~kg ygn ygunn inmjin} bh KMMnwsnu`ndmn$ @d ib`dk }b& ygn un}y bh ygn sjsnu submnni} j} hbffb{}$ ]nmy`bd 5 unx`n{} ygn ubfn bhnmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd `d ygn KMM& {g`mg {j} mbdmn`xni j} j unk`bdjf }nm~u`yp jff`jdmn& sjp`dksjuy`m~fju jyyndy`bd yb ygn ^d`h`ni Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy bh :07:$ ]nmy`bd = b~yf`dn} ygn bxnujffhujln{bua bh kbxnudjdmn jdi inm`}`bd lja`dk `d ygn KMM& jfbdk {`yg ygn `d}y`y~y`bdjfjssjujy~} hbu lbdnyjup mbbsnujy`bd$ ]nmy`bd 9 subxìn} jd bxnux`n{ bh ygn nmbdbl`mmgjujmynu`}y`m} bh KMM mb~dyu`n} ygjy jun unfnxjdy yb b~u i`}m~}}`bd bh nmbdbl`m jdi lbdnyjupmbbsnujy`bd$ ]nmy`bd > }~llju`n} ygn KMM} `d}y`y~y`bdjf jmg`nxnlndy} `d unk`bdjf nmbdbl`mmbbsnujy`bd& `dmf~i`dk ygn unx`}ni Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy bh 533:& ygn fj~dmg bh j m~}ybl} ~d`bd`d 533= jdi j mbllbd ljuany `d 5337& jdi ygn n}yjef`}glndy bh ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f `d 5330$]nmy`bd 8 unf`n} bd ygn nw`}y`dk f`ynujy~un yb i`}m~}} ygn sub} jdi mbd} bh lbdnyjup ~d`bd `d ygnKMM j} {nff j} {gjy ygn h~y~un gbfi} hbu ygn KMM }`dkfn m~uundmp subonmy$ H`djffp& }nmy`bd ;mbdmf~in} ep iuj{`dk fn}}bd} hubl ygn KMM nwsnu`ndmn$

5$ UNK@BDJF ]NMÛ@YP YGUB^KG NMBDBL@MMBBSNUJY@BD

Ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f 'KMM& hbuljffp mjffni ygn Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f hbu ygn Juje]yjyn} bh ygn K~fh& {j} n}yjef`}gni `d Ljp :07:$ Ygn kub~s {j} hbulni jkj`d}y ygn ejmaiubs bhj ynd}n sbf`y`mjf }`y~jy`bd `d ygn unk`bd munjyni ep jd @}fjl`m unxbf~y`bd `d @ujd& ygn }~e}nz~ndy@ujd@ujz {ju& Nkpsy} inm`}`bd yb }`kd j snjmn yunjyp {`yg @}ujnf& jdi ygn ]bx`ny `dxj}`bd bhJhkgjd`}yjd$ Lbun ygjd jdpyg`dk& jff ygn}n nxndy} '}nyy`dk j}ìn jdp i`hhnundmn} jlbdk ygnl

jmmnfnujyni ygn mb~dyu`n} inm`}`bd yb ~d`yn `d s~u}~`y bh mbllbd }nm~u`yp beonmy`xn}$ @y `}`lsbuyjdy yb anns `y `d l`di ygjy& ygb~kg ygn hu~`y bh mbbsnujy`bd ljp en lbun x`}èfn `d ygnnmbdbl`m }sgnun& ygn KMM {j} hù}y jdi hbunlb}y mbdmn`xni j} j unk`bdjf }nm~u`yp jff`jdmn$[g`fn unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd gj} bhynd ennd `d`y`jyni ep sbf`y`mjf mbd}ìnujy`bd}& j} {j}ygn mj}n {`yg ygn N~ubsnjd ^d`bd 'N^ jdi ygn J}}bm`jy`bd bh ]b~ygnj}y J}`jd Djy`bd}

:@d 53::& Obuijd} unz~n}y hbu lnlenu}g`s {j} unmn`xni& {g`fn Lbubmmb {j} `dx`yni yb ob`d$ Jfygb~kg Pnlnd gj}

jf}b jssf`ni hbu lnlenu}g`s& lb}y nwsnuy} enf`nxn ygjy ygn mb~dyup {`ff dby en jil`yyni j} j h~ff lnlenu& k`xnd `y}uns~ef`mjd hbul bh kbxnudlndy& fjukn sbs~fjy`bd& jdi fb{ snu mjs`yj `dmbln$


6/24


9

'J]NJD& ygn fj~dmg bh ygn KMM `} ~d`z~n `d ygjy nd}~u`dk ygn }~ux`xjf bh ygn nw`}y`dklbdjumg`m unk`ln jssnju} yb gjxn ennd ygn su`ljup lby`xn$5

J g`kg inkunn bh gblbkndn`yp `} nxìndy jmub}} ygn lnlenu }yjyn}$ Ygnp jun jff lbdjumg`n}{`yg f`l`yni sbf`y`mjf sjuy`m`sjy`bd& }snja ygn }jln fjdk~jkn& jdi }gjun j mbllbd m~fy~ujf jdiunf`k`b~} gnu`yjkn$ @d ygn}n }bm`ny`n}& yuèjf m~}ybl} sunxj`f {gnun }bm`jf ebdi} jun ej}ni bd

fbpjfyp yb jdi insndindmn bd ygn u~fnu$ Jssubsu`jynfp& j fjukn d~lenu bh m`y`nd} jun nlsfbpni`d ygn s~ef`m }nmybu j} j {jp hbu ygn u~fnu yb i`}yuè~yn {njfyg& {g`fn lb}y su`xjyn }nmybu obe} junh`ffni ep nwsjyu`jyn {buanu}$ M`y`nd} gjxn enmbln jmm~}yblni yb }~e}ì`ni mbd}~lsy`bd jdi}gbuy,ujdkn }sndi`dk& ljin sb}}èfn ep b`f {njfyg 'Obgju :00;$ KMM }yjyn} hjmn }`l`fjunmbdbl`m mgjffndkn}kub}} ibln}y`m subi~my 'KIS gnjx`fp inu`xni hubl gpiubmjuebd,unfjynijmy`x`y`n}& j fjukn s~ef`m }nmybu& j dnni yb i`xnu}`hp yb munjyn su`xjyn }nmybu nlsfbplndy j} {nffj} `d jdy`m`sjy`bd bh ygn nxndy~jf insfny`bd bh gpiubmjuebd un}nuxn}& jdi insndindmn bd hbun`kdmb~dyu`n} hbu fjebu jdi ej}`m hbbi 'yb en lbun h~ffp nwsfj`dni enfb{$

]bm`jf ynd}`bd} jun db fn}} ij~dy`dk$ [`yg nmbdbl`m sub}snu`yp mbln} kunjynu inljdi hbusbf`y`mjf sjuy`m`sjy`bd& jdi ygn lbdjumg} jun hjmni {`yg jd `dmunj}`dk mgjffndkn yb ygnùfnk`y`ljmp$ Sun}}~un {`ff fànfp `dynd}`hp j} ygn fnxnf bh f`ynujmp jlbdk {blnd gj} u`}nd$ @dunmndy pnju} ygnun gj} ennd `dmunj}`dk inlbmujy`jy`bd jdi sbf`y`mjf sjuy`m`sjy`bd `d Ejguj`d&

Zjyju& Bljd& jdi A~{j`y& {gnun sjuf`jlndy} gjxn ennd munjyni 'Anmg`mg`jd 5339$ [g`fnpb~dknu kndnujy`bd} nwsnmy ygn mbdy`d~jy`bd bh ygn undy`nu }yjyn& `d {g`mg jff }nux`mn} junk~jujdynni ep ygn kbxnudlndy& ygnun `} kunjy ~dmnuyj`dyp j} yb gb{ fbdk ygn m~uundy fnxnf bh}nux`mn} mjd en lj`dyj`dni 'Obgju :00;$ Ygn g`kg ~dnlsfbplndy ujyn} jlbdk fbmjf m`y`nd} `d}bln mb~dyu`n} mb~fi ygnunhbun yujd}fjyn `dyb sbf`y`mjf i`}mbdyndy jdi y~ud `dyb ygn a`di bh sbs~fju~su`}`dk }nnd `d 53:353:: `d j d~lenu bh dn`kgebu`dk mb~dyu`n}$ Xùy~jffp db y{b K~fhmb~dyu`n} jun hunn hubl ynuu`ybu`jf i`}s~yn} {`yg njmg bygnu$ Yb }~ux`xn& njmg lbdjumg l~}ymbbsnujyn {`yg mb~dynusjuy} `d ygn unk`bd `d lj`dyj`d`dk unk`bdjf sbf`y`mjf }yje`f`yp jdi nd}~u`dkygjy nmbdbl`m sub}snu`yp mbdy`d~n}$

Ygn KMM `} j }nm~u`yp jff`jdmn `d nmbdbl`m} mfbyg`dk& yb sjujsguj}n ygn jsy nwsun}}`bd ygjyE~`ynu '53:3 jssf`ni yb ygn N~ubsnjd Nmbdbl`m jdi Lbdnyjup ^d`bd 'NL^$ Ygb~kg hbuljy`bdbh ygn KMM {j} bu`k`djffp lby`xjyni ep }nm~u`yp jdi sbf`y`mjf mbd}ìnujy`bd}& `y gj} jmg`nxnilbun `d nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd$ Nxnd ygn KMM Mgjuynu jdi ygn jmmblsjdp`dk mbll~d`z~{nun }`fndy bd ygn z~n}y`bd bh }nm~u`yp mbbsnujy`bd$ @d}ynji& ygn Ljp :07: n}yjef`}glndy bh ygnKMM {j} `llni`jynfp hbffb{ni ep ygn ^d`h`ni Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy '^NJ `d O~dn :07:$Y{`djl ':005 nwsfj`d} ygn KMM} unf~myjdmn yb en nwsf`m`y jeb~y }nm~u`yp mbbsnujy`bd j}}ynll`dk hubl j in}ùn yb en snumn`xni jeubji j} j end`kd xndy~un dby gb}y`fn yb jdpbdn$[gjynxnu ygn lby`xn ljp en& ygn KMM gj} enmbln su`lju`fp j ljmg`dnup bh nmbdbl`mmbbsnujy`bd$ Yg`} }gjusfp mbdyuj}y} {`yg J]NJD& {gnun `d`y`jy`xn} hbu inns nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd`d ygn hbul bh jd J]NJD hunn,yujin junj iì dby enk`d `d njudn}y ~dy`f jhynu ygn bukjd`jy`bd gjinw`}yni hbu lbun ygjd 53 pnju}$

Ygn KMM Mgjuynu} sunjlefn }snff} b~y ygn in}ùn bh KMM mb~dyu`n} yb nhhnmy mbbui`djy`bd&`dynkujy`bd jdi `dynumbddnmy`bd eny{nnd ygnl `d jff h`nfi}$ @d lbun mbdmunyn fjdk~jkn& ygn ^NJ&

{g`mg {j} }`kdni `d Dbxnlenu :07: jdi mjln `dyb hbumn `d Ljumg :075& }snm`h`n} ygjy }~mgnmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd }gb~fi yjan sfjmn `d }`w junj}? '` yujin nwmgjdkn& '`` lbxnlndy bhmjs`yjf jdi m`y`nd} jdi nwnum`}n bh nmbdbl`m jmy`x`y`n}& '``` inxnfbslndy mbbui`djy`bd& '`xynmgd`mjf mbbsnujy`bd& 'x yujd}sbuy jdi mbll~d`mjy`bd& jdi 'x` h`djdm`jf jdi lbdnyjup

5Ygn ^d`yni Juje Nlùjyn} '^JN jfbdn `} j hninujy`bd bh }nxnd lbdjumg`n} `d {g`mg ygn sun}ìndy jdix`mn,sun}ìndy jun }nfnmyni ep jdi hubl ygn lnlenu} bh ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f bh U~fnu}$ @d njmg }yjyn ygna`dk& }~fyjd& bu nlù `} }nfnmyni ep ygn lnlenu} bh j u~f`dk hjl`fp& jdi lb}y mje`dny l`d`}ynu} jun jf}biuj{d hubl ygn u~f`dk hjl`fp$


7/24


>

mbbsnujy`bd$=

=$ KBXNUDJDMN JDI INM@]@BD LJA@DK @D YGN K^FHMBBSNUJY@BD MB^DM@F

@d Dbxnlenu :075& ygn KMM gnji} bh }yjyn jkunni yb enk`d `lsfnlndy`dk ygn^NJ `d }yjkn}& enk`dd`dk hubl Ljumg :07=$ Ygn hù}y jmy`bd {j} ygn @dyuj,KMM Hunn YujinJunj& {gnunep jff KMM djy`bdjf subi~my} {nun nwnlsyni hubl m~}ybl} i~y`n}$ Bsy`l`}lsunxj`fni jy ygn b~y}ny& }b l~mg }b ygjy `d :07= ygn KMM }nmunyjup,kndnujf }yjyni ygjy ep ygnndi bh ygn :073} ygn K~fh {`ff en bdn mbllbd ljuany& {`yg jff ygn bef`kjy`bd} jdi su`x`fnkn}{g`mg ygjy }yns ndyj`f} '`d Y{`djl :005& :;$ @d ygn nxndy& ygnun {j} f`yyfn subkun}} i~u`dk ygn

hù}y 53 pnju}$ @y ybba 5; fbdk pnju} yb fj~dmg j mbllbd ljuany& {g`mg `} }y`ff `d ygn submn}} bhen`dk mblsfnyni ygub~kg ygn ndjmylndy bh unz~`}`yn ibln}y`m }yjy~yn} `d jff lnlenu }yjyn}$

Ygn KMM Mgjuynu }y`s~fjyn} ygn kbxnudjdmn jdi inm`}`bd,lja`dk hujln{bua$ Hù}y& ygn]~sunln Mb~dm`f `} ygn g`kgn}y inm`}`bd,lja`dk ebip& mblsb}ni bh gnji} bh lnlenu }yjyn}1 `ylnny} unk~fjufp bdmn j pnju& jdi ygn sun}ìndmp ubyjyn} 'Juy`mfn ;$ Njmg lnlenu gj} bdn xbyn$Un}bf~y`bd} bh ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f unz~ùn ~djd`l`yp `d }~e}yjdy`xn ljyynu} jdi ljobu`yp xbyn`d submni~ujf ljyynu} 'Juy`mfn 0$ Yb ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f `} jyyjmgni ygn Mbll`}}`bd hbu]nyyfnlndy bh I`}s~yn}& {g`mg `} hbulni yb }nna snjmnh~f }bf~y`bd} yb subefnl} jlbdk lnlenu}yjyn}& `dmf~i`dk i`}s~yn bxnu ygn `dynusunyjy`bd bu `lsfnlndyjy`bd bh ygn Mgjuynu 'Juy`mfn :3$Ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f `} yb }nfnmy ygn lnlenu} bh ygn mbll`}}`bd hbu njmg i`}s~yn& {`ygdbl`dnn} iuj{d hubl lnlenu }yjyn} bygnu ygjd ygb}n {g`mg jun sjuyp yb ygn `}}~n jy gjdi$

]nmbdi& ygn L`d`}ynu`jf Mb~dm`f `} ljin ~s bh hbun`kd l`d`}ynu} bu bygnu infnkjyni l`d`}ynu}$Nxnup = lbdyg} ygn sun}ìndmp ubyjyn} jdi ygn mb~dm`f unk~fjufp lnny}$ Ygn L`d`}ynu`jf Mb~dm`fsubsb}n} sbf`m`n}& sunsjun} unmbllndijy`bd}& jdi ljdjkn} ygn `lsfnlndyjy`bd bh ]~sunlnMb~dm`f inm`}`bd}$ Ep jmy`dk j} ygn `dynulni`jup eny{nnd ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f jdi ynmgd`mjfmbll`yynn} `d jff h`nfi}& `y `} ygn mbbui`djybu bh jff mbbsnujy`xn `d`y`jy`xn}$ @y }~el`y}unmbllndijy`bd} yb ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f hbu inm`}`bd jdi yb ygn l`d`}ynu} mbdmnudni hbujmy`bd$ J} `} ygn mj}n {`yg ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f& njmg lnlenu gj} bdn xbyn1 un}bf~y`bd}

unz~ùn ~djd`l`yp `d }~e}yjdy`xn ljyynu} jdi ljobu`yp xbyn `d submni~ujf ljyynu}$Ygùi& ygn ]nmunyju`jy,Kndnujf& mbd}`}y`dk bh j }nmunyjup,kndnujf& j}}`}yjdy }nmunyju`n},kndnujf&jdi }yjhh& `} ygn jil`d`}yujy`xn ebip ygjy sunsjun} jkndij} hbu lnny`dk} jdi lbd`ybu} ygn`lsfnlndyjy`bd bh sbf`m`n}$ Ygn }nmunyjup,kndnujf `} jssb`dyni ep ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f hbu =pnju}& undn{jefn bdmn$ Ygn }nmunyjup,kndnujf jdi ygb}n jssb`dyni yb j}}`}y g`l jun unz~ùni ybmjuup b~y ygnù i~y`n} `d mblsfnyn `dinsndindmn jdi hbu ygn mbllbd `dynun}y} bh ygn lnlenu}yjyn} 'Juy`mfn :8$ Ygn ]nmunyju`jy,Kndnujf }gjff gjxn j e~ikny yb {g`mg ygn lnlenu }yjyn}}gjff mbdyuè~yn nz~jf jlb~dy} 'Juy`mfn :7$ Ygn ]nmunyju`jy,Kndnujf& ej}ni `d U`pjig& `} ybsubxìn }yjhh yb }~ssbuy ygn {bua bh ygn mb~dm`f& e~y dby yb ljan inm`}`bd}& j} ygn nwnm~y`xn jdifnk`}fjy`xn sb{nu} bh ygn mb~dm`f un}ìn `d ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f$

Ygn jmmblsjdp`dk u~fn} bh submni~un} jffb{ ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f yb hbul ynmgd`mjf mbll`yynn}

jdi }nfnmy lnlenu}$ Ygn Ljp :07: KMM }~ll`y n}yjef`}gni h`xn ji gbm mbll`yynn}& {gb}nlnlenu} jun ygn jssubsu`jyn mje`dny l`d`}ynu} bh ygn lnlenu }yjyn}& yb s~u}~n ygn Mgjuynu}beonmy`xn} `d h`xn junj}? '` }bm`jf jdi nmbdbl`m sfjdd`dk& '`` nmbdbl`m jdi h`djdm`jfmbbsnujy`bd& '``` `di~}yu`jf mbbsnujy`bd& '`x b`f sbf`mp& jdi 'x }bm`jf jdi m~fy~ujf jhhjù}$]~e}nz~ndyfp& ygn KMM} jmy`x`y`n} gjxn nwsjdini yb bygnu junj}& `dmf~i`dk inhnd}n jdi

=Ygn fjdk~jkn {j} k~juini {`yg un}snmy yb lbdnyjup `dynkujy`bd& {g`mg {j} nwsun}}ni j} jd ndinjxbuyb n}yjef`}g j mbllbd m~uundmp `d buinu yb h~uygnu ygnù in}ùni nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd$


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8

`dynudjy`bdjf }nm~u`yp `}}~n}$9

Jlbdk ygn }nxnujf }sgnun} bh mbbsnujy`bd& ygn ljmg`dnup hbu h`djdm`jf jdi lbdnyjupmbbsnujy`bd `} bh sjuy`m~fju `dynun}y yb ~}$ Jy ygn ybs bh ygn g`nujumgp `} ygn Mbll`yynn hbu

H`djdm`jf jdi Nmbdbl`m Mbbsnujy`bd 'gndmnhbuyg& H`djdm`jf jdi Nmbdbl`m Mbll`yynn& j}dbyni jebxn& mblsu`}`dk ygn l`d`}ynu} bh h`djdmn jdi nmbdblp$ Jdbygnu `lsbuyjdy `d}y`y~y`bd `}ygn Mbll`yynn bh ygn Kbxnudbu} bh Lbdnyjup Jkndm`n} jdi Mndyujf Ejda} 'gndmnhbuyg& MndyujfEjda Kbxnudbu} Mbll`yynn& {g`mg lnny} y{`mn j pnju jdi unsbuy} yb ygn H`djdm`jf jdiNmbdbl`m Mbll`yynn$ J}}`}y`dk ygn}n jun ygn ins~yp,fnxnf jdi bygnu ynmgd`mjf mbll`yynn}&{g`mg `dmf~in ygn Ejda`dk ]~snux`}`bd Mbll`yynn& ygn Sjplndy ]p}ynl} Mbll`yynn& jdi ygnYuj`d`dk Mbll`yynn$

I~u`dk ygn :073}& gb{nxnu& ygn mb~dm`f {j} lbun sunbmm~s`ni{`yg ygn dnni hbu }nm~u`yp mbbui`djy`bd ygjd {`yg ygn yj}a} bh nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd& jdi f`yyfnsubkun}} {j} ljin `d nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd 'Y{`djl :005$

Yb lbxn yb{jui n}yjef`}g`dk lbdnyjup ~d`bd& `d 533: ygn H`djdm`jf jdi Nmbdbl`m Mbll`yynnjdi ygn Mndyujf Ejda Kbxnudbu} Mbll`yynn munjyni j g`kg,fnxnf ynmgd`mjf {bua`dk kub~s ybi`}m~}} ygn lbijf`yp bh lbdnyjup jdi h`djdm`jf mbbsnujy`bd& `dmf~i`dk ygn sunmbdi`y`bd} hbulbdnyjup ~d`bd$ Ej}ni bd ygn {bua bh yg`} kub~s& `d 5335 ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f jddb~dmnimbdmunyn }yns} yb en hbffb{ni `d jmg`nx`dk lbdnyjup ~d`bd 'yb en nwsfj`dni enfb{$ @d ygn }jln

pnju& lbunbxnu& ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f }ny ~s j lbdnyjup ~d`bd ~d`y jy ygn ]nmunyju`jy,Kndnujf&ygb~kg ygn ~d`y} nwjmy ubfn {`yg un}snmy yb `dynukbxnudlndy {bua `} dby mfnjufp inh`dni'U~yfnikn 5330$ @d 5330& ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f {j} n}yjef`}gni j} j sunm~u}bu yb ygn KMMmndyujf ejda& `d jmmbuijdmn {`yg ygn Lbdnyjup ^d`bd jkunnlndy }`kdni ep hb~u bh ygn }`wlnlenu }yjyn} 'Ejguj`d& A~{j`y& Zjyju& jdi ]j~i` Juje`j$

Ygn sunmni`dk i`}m~}}`bd ljan} `y mfnju ygjy KMM nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd }b hju gj} ennd iu`xndep `dynukbxnudlndyjf`}l& {g`mg jffb{} djy`bdjf }bxnun`kdyp yb en sun}nuxni$ J} j unhfnmy`bd bhygn ~d{`ff`dkdn}} bh lnlenu kbxnudlndy} yb }~uundinu }bxnun`kdyp& ygnun nw`}y} db}~sujdjy`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bd {`yg inm`}`bd,lja`dk j~ygbu`yp$ Ygn Mbll`}}`bd hbu ]nyyfnlndy bhI`}s~yn}& {g`mg `} j~ygbu`ni {gnd mbdxndni yb ljan jd `dynusunyjy`bd bh ygn Mgjuynu& `} ygnmfb}n}y ygn KMM kny} yb }~sujdjy`bdjf`}l$ E~y nxnd yg`} `d}y`y~y`bd `} jyyjmgni jdi }~ebui`djyniyb ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f& ygn ~fy`ljyn }njy bh djy`bdjf }bxnun`kdyp$ Ygn f`l`yjy`bd bh }yu`my`dynukbxnudlndyjf`}l& gb{nxnu& `} lbinujyni }bln{gjy ep ygn }y`s~fjy`bd bh ygn Mgjuynu ygjy j}`lsfn ljobu`yp u~fn jssf`n} yb submni~ujf ljyynu}$ Ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f `} j lbin}y enk`dd`dkbh }~sujdjy`bdjf`}l& j} lnlenu} bh ygn ebjui bh iùnmybu} jun jy fnj}y fnkjffp }g`nfini hubl jdpsbf`y`mjf `dhf~ndmn `d lja`dk inm`}`bd}& ygb~kg ygn u~fn bh ~djd`l`yp f`l`y} `y} }~sujdjy`bdjfmgjujmynu$ Ygn }lbbyg {bua`dk bh j mbllbd ljuany bu j lbdnyjup ~d`bd unz~ùn} jd nhhnmy`xn}~sujdjy`bdjf ebip& e~y ygnun `} j} pny db }~mg ebip `d ygn KMM$

9$ NMBDBL@M MGJUJMYNU@]Y@M] BH K^FH MBBSNUJY@BDMB^DM@F MB^DYU@N]

Jfygb~kg KMM mb~dyu`n} jun gblbkndnb~} `d ljdp {jp}& ygnun jun jf}b `lsbuyjdy i`hhnundmn}$Ygn KMM mblsu`}n} j mb~dyup bh lbinujyn }`n ']j~i` Juje`j& {`yg j sbs~fjy`bd bh lbun ygjd58 l`ff`bd snbsfn `d 53:3 jdi h`xn }ljffnu bdn}$ Ygn sbs~fjy`bd bh ygn }nmbdi,fjukn}y mb~dyup&ygn ^d`yni Juje Nlùjyn} '^JN& {j} fn}} ygjd > l`ff`bd snbsfn `d 53:31 ygn }ljffn}y& Ejguj`d&gji hn{nu ygjd : l`ff`bd snbsfn 'Yjefn :$ ]`l`fjufp& ygn KIS bh ]j~i` Juje`j }~usj}}n} ygjy bhjdp bygnu mb~dyupygn ]j~i` nmbdblp subi~mn} dnjufp gjfh bh ygn ybyjf b~ys~y bh ygn KMM 'bh

9@d Dbxnlenu :07:& hbu nwjlsfn& ygn ]~sunln Mb~dm`f jkunni yb munjyn j ob`dy jù inhnd}n }p}ynl jdi yb mbdxndn

unk~fju lnny`dk} bh inhnd}n l`d`}ynu}$ Ygn hù}y }~mg lnny`dk ybba sfjmn `d Ojd~jup :075$


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jeb~y ^]): yu`ff`bd `d 533;$ ]j~i` Juje`j `}& ygnunhbun& ygn ibl`djdy unk`bdjf sb{nu jdi gj}`dinni sfjpni ygn mndyujf ubfn `d n}yjef`}g`dk jdi inxnfbs`dk unk`bdjf mbbsnujy`bd `d ygn KMM'Dbxjy` :07>$ @d snu mjs`yj ynul}& ]j~i` Juje`j '^]):;&:33 `d 53:3 `} ygn sbbun}y mb~dyup `dyg`} bygnu{`}n {njfygp kub~s bh mb~dyu`n}& {gnun ygn jxnujkn snu mjs`yj KIS {j} jflb}y^])57&333 `d 53:3$ Ygn {njfyg`n}y mb~dyup `} Zjyju 'snu mjs`yj KIS bxnu ^])79&333 `d 53:3&hbffb{ni ep ygn ^JN '^])89&333$

Yjefn :? Lj`d Nmbdbl`m Mgjujmynu`}y`m} bh KMM Mb~dyu`n}

Ejguj`d A~{j`y Bljd Zjyju

]j~i`Juje`j ^JN

KMMjxnujkn bu

ybyjfSbs~fjy`bd 'lì,pnju 53:31 `dl`ff`bd}

3$7 =$: 5$0 :$> 58$= 9$; =0$5

Dbl`djf KIS '53:31 `de`ff`bd} bh ^] ibffju}

55$; :=5$8 >;$0 :5;$= 997$9 =35$3 :303$0

Snu mjs`yj KIS '53:31 `d ^]ibffju}

5735> 9=9;> :070; 79=3> :;375 89::0 5;73:

Nwsjyu`jyn {buanu} `d ybyjf

{buahbumn '53381 `d snumndy

>0 7: == 70 9; 03 >8

Ujyn bh ~dnlsfbplndyjlbdk djy`bdjf} 'n}y`ljyn}hbu xju`b~} pnju}& 5330,::

:"

69 = :5,:= 5$9 :3$> = ,,,

Dbyn? :" 533= hbu Bljd jdi ygn ^JN 'U~yfnikn 53301 hbu I~ej` bdfp& `y `} n}y`ljyni jy fn}} ygjd : snumndy `d 5330 'LMJ53::$

]b~umn}? @dynudjy`bdjf Lbdnyjup H~di& @dynudjy`bdjf H`djdm`jf ]yjy`}y`m}ijyjej}n1 @LH '53::1 LMJ '53::1 j~ygbu}n}y`ljyn}$

J ~d`z~n hnjy~un bh KMM nmbdbl`n} `} ygn fjukn }gjun bh nwsjyu`jyn {buanu} `d ygn fjebu hbumn&{g`mg ujdkni hubl ==. `d Bljd yb 03. `d ygn ^JN `d 5338 'Yjefn :$ Yps`mjffp& nwsjyu`jyn} junnlsfbpni `d ygn su`xjyn }nmybu& ebyg j} subhn}}`bdjf} jdi j} lnd`jf {buanu}& {g`fn djy`bdjf} junnlsfbpni `d ygn fjukn s~ef`m }nmybu$ Ygnun `} j }nu`b~} obe l`}ljymg& {g`mg sunxndy} ygnnlsfbplndy bh djy`bdjf} `d }nklndy} bh ygn su`xjyn }nmybu$ Hbu nwjlsfn& b~y bh ygnjssubw`ljynfp ; l`ff`bd dn{ obe} munjyni `d ygn KMM eny{nnd 5333 jdi 53:3& hn{nu ygjd 5l`ff`bd {ndy yb djy`bdjf} 'Lìifn Nj}y jdi Mndyujf J}`j Insjuylndy QLMJ\ bh ygn @dynudjy`bdjfLbdnyjup H~di 53::$ Ygb~kg ygn ujyn bh ~dnlsfbplndy ibn} dby jssnju yb en g`kg nwmnsy `dBljd jdi ]j~i` Juje`j& `y `} `d hjmy l~mg g`kgnu jlbdk pb~dk snbsfn 'n$k$& j} g`kg j} 5>. `dygn 5350 jkn kub~s `d ]j~i` Juje`j QN~ubsnjd Mndyujf Ejda 5337\$ KMM mb~dyu`n} gjxnunfjy`xnfp pb~dk jdi kub{`dk sbs~fjy`bd}& }b kbxnudlndy} jun ~dinu sun}}~un yb subxìnnlsfbplndy yb jd `dmunj}`dk d~lenu bh dn{ fjebu ljuany ndyujdy}$ [g`fn KMM djy`bdjf} mb~filbun bu fn}} mb~dy bd beyj`d`dk s~ef`m }nmybu obe} `d ygn sj}y& yg`} `} enmbl`dk `dmunj}`dkfpi`hh`m~fy& k`xnd ygn jfunjip fjukn }`n bh ygn s~ef`m }nmybu$ >

Ygn nmbdbl`m jmy`x`y`n} bh KMM mb~dyu`n} jun iu`xnd ep ygn nwyujmy`bd bh b`f jdi kj}& {g`mg `}ygn }`dkfn lb}y `lsbuyjdy nmbdbl`m }nmybu `d jff mb~dyu`n} e~y Ejguj`d '{gnun ygn h`djdmn }nmybu

Ygn mgjffndkn `} yb subxìn ygnkub{`dk d~lenu bh pb~dk snbsfn {`yg jssubsu`jyn ni~mjy`bdjf bssbuy~d`y`n} yb z~jf`hp hbu su`xjyn}nmybu obe} `d dbdgpiubmjuebd }nmybu}$ ^dfn}} ygn l`}ljymg `} un}bfxni ygub~kg ni~mjy`bd jdiyuj`d`dk subkujl}& ygn LMJ '53:: }~kkn}y} ygjy ygnun mb~fi en 5= l`ff`bd jii`y`bdjf~dnlsfbpni KMM m`y`nd} ep 53:>$

>@y `} i`hh`m~fy yb z~jdy`hp ygn }`n bh s~ef`m }nmybu nmbdbl`m jmy`x`yp enmj~}n ygn KMM mb~dyu`n} ib dby subxìn

yujd}sjundy kbxnudlndy h`djdmn }yjy`}y`m}$ Mj}g hfb{ ijyj subxìni ep ygunn mb~dyu`n} 'Ejguj`d& A~{j`y& jdiZjyju }gb{ ygjy `d 5330 kbxnudlndy mj}g b~yfjp} ujdkni hubl =:. yb 9>. bh KIS$ Yg`} ~dinu}yjyn} ygn }`n bhs~ef`m }nmybu nmbdbl`m jmy`x`yp& k`xnd ygn ibl`djdy sb}`y`bd bh }yjyn,b{dni ndynusu`}n} `d ygn gpiubmjuebd }nmybu$


10/24


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`} nz~jffp `lsbuyjdy$ [g`fn Ejguj`d fbdk jkb mnj}ni yb nwsbuy `y} lbin}y mu~in b`f subi~my`bd& `y`} }y`ff fjuknfp insndindy bd unh`d`dk jdi bygnu b`f, jdi kj},unfjyni `di~}yu`n} j} {nff j} }nux`mn}y`ni mfb}nfp yb ygn b`f nmbdbl`n} `d }~uub~di`dk mb~dyu`n}$ @d KMM mb~dyu`n}& ygn b`f jdi kj}}nmybu jmmb~dy} hbu 5>.83. bh KIS& 93.73. bh ybyjf nwsbuy}& jdi 9>.0>. bh kbxnudlndyunxnd~n 'Yjefn 5$ E~y yg`} }`y~jy`bd `} dby }~}yj`djefn `d }bln mb~dyu`n}$ B`f jdi kj} junnwsnmyni yb en insfnyni {`yg`d j inmjin `d Ejguj`d1 `d Bljd b`f {`ff en insfnyni {`yg`d y{b

inmjin} '`d mbdyuj}y& b`f jdi kj} {`ff fj}y hbu dnjufp j mndy~up bu lbun jy m~uundy subi~my`bdfnxnf} `d A~{j`y jdi ygn ^JN$ K`xnd ygn g`kg gpiubmjuebd insndindmp& ygn ljmubnmbdbl`msnuhbuljdmn bh KMM mb~dyu`n} `} g`kgfp }nd}`y`xn yb kfbejf b`f jdi kj} su`mn inxnfbslndy}$ YgnKMM kbxnudlndy} gjxn ennd sublby`dk i`xnu}`h`mjy`bd j{jp hubl ygn s~ef`m jdi gpiubmjuebd}nmybu} }b j} yb l`y`kjyn ljmubnmbdbl`m xbfjy`f`yp& sunsjun ygn nmbdbl`n} hbu ygn nxndy~jfinsfny`bd bh gpiubmjuebd un}b~umn}& jdi kndnujyn }~hh`m`ndy su`xjyn }nmybu nlsfbplndy$8

Yjefn 5? Ygn B`f jdi Kj} ]nmybu `d KMM Mb~dyu`n}

Ejguj`d A~{j`y Bljd Zjyju]j~i`Juje`j ^JN

KMMjxnujkn bu

ybyjfSubxnd b`f un}nuxn} '53:31 `d

snumndy bh {bufi ybyjf ,,, 8$0 3$9 :&; :7$3 8$; =5$3

Nwsnmyni f`hn bh b`f un}nuxn}'53:31 pnju}

,,, :53$= :0$0 09$7 77$7 ::>$= 09$7

Subxnd djy~ujf kj} un}nuxn}'53:31 `d snumndy bh {bufi ybyjf

,,, 3$0 3$= :=$: 9$5 =$5 5:$;

Nwsnmyni f`hn bh kj} un}nuxn}'53:31 pnju}

,,, :90$= ,,, 5=3$> 75$8 ;8$= :=;$7

Gpiubmjuebd j} j }gjun bh KIS'53:31 `d snumndy

5>$3 >5$3 >9$3 >;$3 >5$3 =9$3 90$3

Gpiubmjuebd nwsbuy} `d ybyjfnwsbuy} '53301 `d snumndy >7$7 ;:$0 8=$7 89$= ;0$: 93$8 8:$;

Gpiubmjuebd unxnd~n `d ybyjf

kbxnudlndy unxnd~n '53301 `dsnumndy ;9$5 0=$7 ;;$0 99$0 7>$: 80$= ;7$8

]b~umn}? BSNM '53::1 LMJ '53::1 JLH '53::1 j~ygbu} n}y`ljyn}$

Ygn KMM `} j g`kgfp bsnd unk`bd& {`yg yujin bsnddn}} 'lnj}~uni j} j ujy`b bh nwsbuy} sf~}`lsbuy} yb KIS ujdk`dk eny{nnd 73. jdi :93. `d 53:3 'Yjefn =$ J} dbyni& j sunibl`djdy}gjun bh nwsbuy} mbd}`}y} bh gpiubmjuebd subi~my}& {g`mg jun nwsbuyni yb mbd}~l`dk djy`bd}&lj`dfp `d J}`j '{gb}n }gjun nwmnni} 93. bh ybyjf nwsbuy}$ Bd ygn `lsbuy }ìn& KMM mb~dyu`n}s~umgj}n jflb}y jff ej}`m }~ssf`n}& `dmf~i`dk hbbi}y~hh}& hubl J}`j& N~ubsn& Dbuyg Jlnu`mj& jdijub~di ygn {bufi$ F`yyfn `dyujunk`bdjf yujin yjan} sfjmn& unhfnmy`dk ygn}n hnjy~un} bh ygn yujin}yu~my~un$ @d 53:3& hbu nwjlsfn& ygn }gjun bh `dyujunk`bdjf yujin `d ygn KMM} ybyjf yujin {j}bdfp 8$3. '9$7. hbu nwsbuy} jdi 7$>. hbu `lsbuy}& ygb~kg ygn }gjun yndi} yb en g`kgnu hbu}ljffnu KMM mb~dyu`n}$ @h b`f `} nwmf~ini& gb{nxnu& ygn `dyujunk`bdjf }gjun kbn} ~s mbd}ìnujefp

bd ygn nwsbuy }ìn ':8. hbu ygn unk`bd `d 533=& {`yg ygn }gjun j} g`kg j} >:. hbu Bljd jdi=7. hbu Ejguj`d$

8Ygn gpiubmjuebd }nmybu `} g`kgfp mjs`yjf,`dynd}`xn1 `y mjddby en unf`ni ~sbd yb kndnujyn }~hh`m`ndy nlsfbplndy$


11/24


0

Yjefn =? Ygn Nwynudjf ]nmybu `d KMM Mb~dyu`n}


KMMjxnujkn buybyjf

Yujin bsnddn}} '53:31

snumndy bh KIS :93$: 7:$3 :37$> 0=$8 07$3 :9:$; :37$0@dyuj,KMM nwsbuy} '53:31snumndy bh ybyjf 8$; :$0 :=$; :$= 9$9 >$7 9$7

@dyuj,KMM `lsbuy} '53:31snumndy bh ybyjf 57$: ::$; =:$0 :8$; 9$= >$= 7$>@dyuj,KMM yujin '53:31snumndy bh ybyjf yujin :5$; 9$8 5:$3 >$3 9$9 >$8 8$5

Dbd,b`f nwsbuy} yb KMM'533=1 snumndy bh ybyjf =;$> >$9 >3$0 0$; 53$3 :>$7 :8$=

Dbd,b`f `lsbuy} hubl KMM'533=1 snumndy bh ybyjf :8$: ::$9 5;$7 :9$0 9$9 >$3 ;$7

]b~umn}? @LH '53::1 @dynudjy`bdjf Lbdnyjup H~di& Iùnmy`bd bh Yujin ]yjy`}y`m}1 jdi U~yfnikn '5330$

Ygn mjs`yjf jmmb~dy} bh ygn KMM mb~dyu`n} jun bsnd e~y }bln mbdyubf} nw`}y& n}snm`jffp bd ygns~umgj}n bh fbmjf }gjun} ep dbdun}ìndy}$ Ygnù subynmy`xn jyy`y~in yb{jui djy`bdjf `di~}yu`n} `}}gb{d j} mbdyubf} bd `d{jui hbun`kd iùnmy `dxn}ylndy 'HI@ `d ygn hbul bh ljw`l~l hbun`kdb{dnu}g`s$ Ygn kbxnudlndy} k`xn lbun hjxbujefn yunjylndy yb djy`bdjf} hubl bygnu KMMmb~dyu`n}& e~y ygn mblsfnyn f`hy`dk bh unlj`d`dk b{dnu}g`s un}yu`my`bd} `} pny yb en jmg`nxni$Nxnd }b& ygnun `} j hjù jlb~dy bh jue`yujkn jmub}} djy`bdjf h`djdm`jf ljuany} {`yg`d ygn KMM1ygnun `} jf}b mbd}ìnujefn `dyujunk`bdjf `dxn}ylndy& n}snm`jffp ep Ejguj`d` jdi A~{j`y` `dxn}ybu}'N}s`dbj& Suj}ji& jdi [`ff`jl} 53:3$ Nz~`yp ljuany} gjxn unmndyfp nwsjdini ygub~kgb~y ygnunk`bd& ygb~kg ygnp i`hhnu }`kd`h`mjdyfp `d }`n {`yg h`djdm`jf }nux`mn} mbd}y`y~y`dk j ljobu}nklndy bh ljuany mjs`yjf`jy`bd$ Ygn h`djdm`jf }p}ynl `d ygn KMM `} }y`ff ibl`djyni epmbllnum`jf ejda}1 ygb~kg }bln kbxnudlndy} `}}~n ebdi}& ygn }nmbdijup ljuany} hbu ygn}n`d}yu~lndy} jun xùy~jffp dbdnw`}yndy$

J} jd `lsbuyjdy mbd}nz~ndmn bh ygn gpiubmjuebd,insndindy yujin }yu~my~un& ygn m~uundyjmmb~dy ejfjdmn `} g`kgfp }~eonmy yb ygn xbfjy`f`yp bh snyubfn~l su`mn} 'H`k~un :$ Jfygb~kg ygnKMM mbffnmy`xnfp unk`}ynuni j fjukn m~uundy jmmb~dy }~usf~} `d ygn lb}y unmndy inmjin j}snyubfn~l su`mn} ub}n& yg`} {j} dby jf{jp} ygn mj}nygn KMM mbffnmy`xnfp {j} j m~uundyjmmb~dy inh`m`y unk`bd i~u`dk l~mg bh ygn :003}$ Jfygb~kg Zjyju jdi ygn ^JN lj`dyj`dni}~usf~}n}& ]j~i` Juje`j gji j inh`m`y nwmnni`dk ^]):; e`ff`bd `d :005 'lbun ygjd :>. bh KISjdi :00= 'lbun ygjd ::. bh KIS jdi Ejguj`d} inh`m`y bh ^])733 l`ff`bd& {g`fn }ljffnu `dje}bf~yn xjf~n& jlb~dyni yb lbun ygjd :;. bh KIS `d :005$ @d mbdyuj}y& ygn lì,5333} }j{ygn}n mb~dyu`n} unmbui fjukn m~uundy jmmb~dy }~usf~}n}& unjmg`dk j snja bh =7. bh KIS `dZjyju '`d 5339& 57. `d ]j~i` Juje`j '533>& 9>. `d A~{j`y '5338& 53. `d ygn ^JN '533;&jdi :>. `d Ejguj`d '533;$


12/24


:3

H`k~un :? Snyubfn~l Su`mn} jdi ygn KMM Mble`dni M~uundy Jmmb~dy Ejfjdmn

Dbyn}? Enmj~}n bh l`}}`dk ijyj ygn JN } nwmf~ini hbu :000& 53331 ygn d~lenu} hbu lb}y pnju} jun inu`xni hubl

djy`bdjf dmbln jmmb~dy} hbu Zjyju jdi ygn ^JN$]b~umn}? @dynudjy`bdjf Lbdnyjup H~di& @dynudjy`bdjf H`djdm`jf ]yjy`}y`m}ijyjej}n1 @LH '53::1 j~ygbu} n}y`ljyn}$

Ygn xbfjy`f`yp bh snyubfn~l su`mn} jhhnmy} dby bdfp ygn m~uundy jmmb~dy ejfjdmn e~y jf}b unjfnmbdbl`m jmy`x`yp jdi kbxnudlndy h`}mjf ejfjdmn} 'Yjefn 9$ [gnd snyubfn~l su`mn} {nunkndnujffp insun}}ni `d ygn :073}& ygn KMM j} j {gbfn nwsnu`ndmni dnkjy`xn kub{yg$ Hbunwjlsfn& ]j~i` Juje`j gji dnkjy`xn kub{yg bh :$;. snu pnju ygub~kg ygn inmjin& A~{j`y gjidnkjy`xn kub{yg bh :$8.& jdi Zjyju jdi ygn ^JN gjuifp kun{$ Kub{yg snuhbuljdmn {j} lbunhjxbujefn `d ygn :003} e~y `y {j} dby kbbi ndb~kg yb uj`}n ygn snu mjs`yj `dmbln }`kd`h`mjdyfp{gnun sbs~fjy`bd kub{yg {j} g`kg$ @y {j} bdfp jhynu ygn y~ud bh ygn 5:}y mndy~up ygjy kub{ygs`mani ~s& jfbdk {`yg j }~ukn `d b`f su`mn}& jdi ygn unk`bd ~d`hbulfp unmbuini }yubdk sb}`y`xnkub{yg$ @d sjuy`m~fju& Zjyju unk`}ynuni jdd~jf kub{yg bh lbun ygjd :3. i~u`dk 533353:31snuhbuljdmn `d ygn bygnu mb~dyu`n} {j} }bln{gjy fn}} `lsun}}`xn$

Yjefn 9? KIS Kub{yg jdi H`}mjf Ejfjdmn `d KMM Mb~dyu`n}


Unjf KIS kub{yg 'snumndy snu pnju:073,70 jxnujkn =$0 ,:$8 ;$> 3$= ,:$; 3$3:003,00 jxnujkn 9$0 5$> 9$0 >$5 =$: >$95333,37 jxnujkn 8$5 >$0 >$7 ::$; =$7 ;$8

5330 =$: ,>$5 :$: :5$3 3$: ,=$5

53:3 9$: =$9 9$: :8$8 9$: =$5

H`}mjf ejfjdmn 'snumndy bh KIS:073,70 jxnujkn :$9 ,9$= ,7$; ,5$7 ,;$9 ,9$=:003,00 jxnujkn ,=$3 ,0$3 ,;$8 ,8$> ,;$: ,0$7

5333,37 jxnujkn:

3$; 5;$= ;$: :3$9 :=$5 :;$=

5330 ,8$8 58$; ,:$5 :>$= ,9$8 ,:5$8

53:3 ,;$7 55$8 >$3 5$0 8$; ,:$:Dbyn? :" 5335,37 hbu Zjyju jdi ygn ^JN1 5333 jdi 5335,37 hbu ]j~i` Juje`j$


13/24


::

]b~umn}? U~yfnikn '5330) hbu :073,001 @dynudjy`bdjf Lbdnyjup H~di&@dynudjy`bdjf H`djdm`jf ]yjy`}y`m}

ijyjej}n1 @LH '5338& 53::)1 jdi j~ygbu} n}y`ljyn}$

J }`l`fju s`my~un `} be}nuxni hbu ygn h`}mjf ejfjdmn} bh KMM mb~dyu`n}$ N}snm`jffp `d ygn :003}&jff gji }nu`b~} e~iknyjup subefnl}& {`yg ygn ^JN unmbui`dk j inh`m`y nz~`xjfndy yb dnjufp :3. bhKIS 'dby yb lndy`bd ygn h`}mjf mgjffndkn nwsnu`ndmni ep A~{j`y `d ygn jhynuljyg bh ygn K~fh[ju$ @d mbdyuj}y& ygn h`}mjf ejfjdmn `lsubxni }`kd`h`mjdyfp `d jff mb~dyu`n} `d ygn 5333}& njmg}gb{`dk j y~udjub~di nz~`xjfndy yb 9.=3. bh KIS hubl :003:000 yb 53335337 'e~y h`}mjfsnuhbuljdmn {j} l`wni hbu 533053:3 hbffb{`dk ygn kfbejf h`djdm`jf mu`}`}$ @y `} }`kd`h`mjdy ybdbyn ygjy ygn sbf`y`mjf s~}g hbu nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd {j} }yundkygndni {gndnxnu b`f su`mn} hnffjdi nmbdbl`m snuhbuljdmn inynu`bujyni$ Ygn n}yjef`}glndy bh ygn KMM `y}nfh mb`dmìni {`yg ygnndi`dk bh ygn ebbl pnju} bh ygn :0;3}$ U~yfnikn '5330 juk~n} ygjy ygn hju,unjmg`dk nmbdbl`m`dynkujy`bd sfjd} }ny b~y `d ygn 533: Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy 'yb en nwsfj`dni enfb{ {nun `d sjuyj un}sbd}n yb ygn fjmaf~}ynu nmbdbl`m snuhbuljdmn bh ygn sunx`b~} y{b inmjin}$ J} b`f su`mn}enkjd yb }~ukn `d 5335& ygn lblndy~l hbu unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd jssnju} yb gjxn}~e}ìni }bln{gjy$

>$ @D]Y@Y^Y@BDJF JMG@NXNLNDY] @D NMBDBL@MMBBSNUJY@BD

Mgjsynu : bh ygn ^d`h`ni Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy '^NJ& ~dinu yujin nwmgjdkn& mjffni hbu jmbllbd ljuany {`yg ygn nf`l`djy`bd bh yju`hh} jlbdk ygn lnlenu }yjyn} 'Juy`mfn 5 jdi ygnn}yjef`}glndy bh j ~d`hbul nwynudjf yju`hh 'Juy`mfn 9$ M~}ybl i~y`n} bd KMM,bu`k`d `lsbuy} {nunhbu ygn lb}y sjuy nf`l`djyni hubl : Ljumg :07=& e~y yg`} {j} bh f`yyfn mbd}nz~ndmn k`xnd ygn}ljff xbf~ln bh `dyujunk`bdjf yujin$ Mgjsynu 5& ~dinu lbxnlndy bh mjs`yjf& m`y`nd}& jdinwnum`}n bh nmbdbl`m jmy`x`y`n}& unz~ùni lnlenu }yjyn} yb kujdy nz~jf yunjylndy yb ygn m`y`nd}bh jff bygnu lnlenu }yjyn} {`yg un}snmy yb ygn hunnibl yb lbxn& {bua& f`xn& b{d& ndkjkn `dnmbdbl`m jmy`x`yp& jdi yujd}hnu mjs`yjf$ E~y ygn kbjf bh munjy`dk ygn mbllbd ljuany ep ygn ndibh ygn :073} {j} gjlsnuni ep ygn i`hh`m~fyp `d n}yjef`}g`dk ygn unz~`}`yn nwnm~y`xn u~fn}$ Fbmjf

`dynun}y} unlj`dni jd be}yjmfn yb jmg`nx`dk `dynkujy`bd 'Y{`djl :005$ Ygn K~fh @dxn}ylndyMbusbujy`bd 'K@M {j} munjyni `d Dbxnlenu :075& {`yg mjs`yjf bh ^])5$: e`ff`bd mbdyuè~yninz~jffp ep ygn lnlenu kbxnudlndy}$ Ygn K@M {j} mbdmn`xni j} j lnjd} bh eu`dk`dk ygnsubl`}n bh K~fh ~d`bd `dyb e~}`dn}} mbll~d`y`n} `d j yjdkèfn {jp 'Y{`djl :005& e~y ygn }mjfnbh bsnujy`bd gj} ennd ybb }ljff yb ljan j i`hhnundmn `d sublby`dk unk`bdjf `dynkujy`bd$;

;Ygn K@M `} j h`djdm`jf `d}y`y~y`bd bsnujy`dk bd mbllnum`jf su`dm`sfn} {`yg ygn ljdijyn yb sublbyn su`xjyn ndynusu`}nep `dxn}y`dk `d subonmy} ygjy mbdyuè~yn yb ygn }bm`jf jdi nmbdbl`m inxnfbslndy bh ygn KMM$ Jmmbui`dk yb `y}jdd~jf unsbuy& ybyjf j}}ny} {nun ^])>$7 e`ff`bd jy ygn ndi bh 53:3$

Jhynu jflb}y 53 pnju} bh f`yyfn subkun}}& e~y un}sbdi`dk yb ygn fjmaf~}ynu nmbdbl`m snuhbuljdmnbh ygn :003}& jkunnlndy {j} h`djffp unjmgni `d :000 yb jmmnfnujyn ygn sjmn bh nmbdbl`m`dynkujy`bd ep n}yjef`}g`dk j m~}ybl} ~d`bd ep 533> 'ygn ijyn {b~fi fjynu en eub~kgy hbu{jui yb533=$ @d Inmnlenu 533:& lbunbxnu& ygn ^NJ {j} }~e}yjdy`jffp unx`}ni yb nwsni`yn ygn submn}}bh nmbdbl`m jdi lbdnyjup ~d`bd$ @y {j} ~dinu yg`} jkunnlndy& mjffni ygn Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndyeny{nnd ygn KMM ]yjyn}& ygjy ygn yjuknyni mblsfny`bd bh ygn m~}ybl} ~d`bd {j} eub~kgyhbu{jui yb Ojd~jup 533=$ Ygn m~}ybl} ~d`bd& {g`mg iì mbln `dyb hbumn j} }mgni~fni& {b~fi

`dxbfxn jd nwynudjf mbllbd yju`hh bh >. bd hbun`kd `lsbuy} 'nwmnsy hbu }~mg `ynl} j} ej}`m hbbi&lni`mjf }~ssf`n}& jdi `dynulni`jyn kbbi}& jebf`y`bd bh su`bu jssubxjf unz~ùnlndy} hbu `lsbuy`dkkbbi} `dyb jdp bh ygn KMM }yjyn}& jdi }`dkfn m~}ybl} inmfjujy`bd$ Jy ygn }jln y`ln& ygn]~sunln Mb~dm`f jkunni yb n}yjef`}g `lsfnlndyjy`bd k~ìnf`dn}& `dmf~i`dk mbdxnukndmn mu`ynu`j


14/24


:5

hbu lbdnyjup ~d`bd ep 533>& mblsfny`dk ygn mbllbd ljuany ep 533;& jdi jibsy`dk j }`dkfnm~uundmp ep 53:3$

Ygn unx`}ni 533: Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy nwsf`m`yfp }yjyn} ygn kbjf bh Qjmg`nx`dk\ jixjdmni}yjkn} bh nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd ygjy {b~fi fnji yb j mbllbd Ljuany jdi jd Nmbdbl`m jdiLbdnyjup ^d`bd jlbdk Lnlenu ]yjyn} jmmbui`dk yb j }snm`h`m y`lnyjefn$ Ygn junj} bh

mbbsnujy`bd jun jf}b eubjinu ygjd ~dinu ygn :07: jkunnlndy jdi `dmf~in yujin1 j KMMmbllbd ljuany1 nmbdbl`m jdi lbdnyjup ~d`bd1 inxnfbslndy `dynkujy`bd1 g~ljd un}b~umn}inxnfbslndy1 }m`ndy`h`m jdi ynmgd`mjf un}njumg1 jdi yujd}sbuyjy`bd& mbll~d`mjy`bd& jdi`dhuj}yu~my~un$ Ygn }jln ]~sunln Mb~dm`f lnny`dk ygjy jssubxni ygn Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy`d}yu~myni ygn lbdnyjup jkndm`n} jdi mndyujf ejda} yb `lsfnlndy `y} inm`}`bd yb ~}n ygn ^]ibffju j} ygn mbllbd jdmgbu hbu snkk`dk ygn m~uundm`n} bh KMM }yjyn} enhbun ygn ndi bh5335&7`d sunsjujy`bd hbu ygn `dyubi~my`bd bh ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp dby fjynu ygjd : Ojd~jup 53:3$J mbllbd ibffju snk gji ennd mbdmn`xni j} ygn hù}y }yjkn bh ygn lbdnyjup ~d`h`mjy`bd submn}}ep j ob`dy ynmgd`mjf mbll`yynn bh h`djdmn l`d`}yu`n} jdi mndyujf ejda}$0

Subkun}} }`dmn gj} ennd }~e}yjdy`xn& enk`dd`dk {`yg ygn hbuljy`bd bh ygn m~}ybl} ~d`bd `dOjd~jup 533=& e~y dby {`ygb~y }nyejma}$ @d Bmybenu 5338 Bljd jddb~dmni ygjy `y {b~fi dby ob`dygn KMM lbdnyjup ~d`bd ep 53:3& jdi `d Ljp 5330 ygn ^JN jf}b {`ygiun{ hubl ygn }`dkfn

m~uundmp subonmy& b}ynd}èfp enmj~}n bh i`}jkunnlndy bxnu ygn fbmjy`bd bh ygn subsb}ni unk`bdjfmndyujf ejda `d U`pjig$ @d Ljp 533;& A~{j`y& hjmni {`yg `dhfjy`bdjup sun}}~un ju`}`dk hubl j{njand`dk ibffju& inmfjuni ygjy `y {b~fi en lbx`dk hubl ygn ibffju snk yb jd ~di`}mfb}nim~uundmp ej}any snk& {g`fn unjhhùl`dk `y} mbll`ylndy yb ob`d ygn ~d`bd j} sfjddni$ @d j sb}}èfnx`bfjy`bd bh ygn Nmbdbl`m Jkunnlndy& :3 Ejguj`d jdi Bljd }nsjujynfp dnkby`jyni jdi ygndmbdmf~ini '`d 5339 hbu Ejguj`d jdi 5338 hbu Bljd hunn,yujin jkunnlndy} {`yg ygn ^d`yni]yjyn}$ Dnxnuygnfn}}& jhynu }bln infjp& ygn KMM mbllbd ljuany {j} hbuljffp fj~dmgni `dOjd~jup 5337& ygb~kg ygn `lsfnlndyjy`bd `} pny yb en mblsfnyni$ Gjulbd`jy`bd jdi l~y~jfunmbkd`y`bd bh djy`bdjf }yjdijui}& jlbdk bygnu yg`dk}& l~}y en n}yjef`}gni yb mblsfnyn ebyg ygnm~}ybl} ~d`bd jdi ygn mbllbd ljuany$::

:$

@d ygn nxndy& ygn kbjf bh `dyubi~m`dk j }`dkfn m~uundmp ep 53:3 {j} dby jmg`nxni& gb{nxnu `y `}hju hubl jejdibdni$ @d 533;& ygn KMM mb~dyu`n} jkunni yb h`xn mbdxnukndmn mu`ynu`j?

5$

ygn `dhfjy`bd ujyn }gjff dby nwmnni ygn {n`kgyni jxnujkn `dhfjy`bd ujyn bh ygn lnlenumb~dyu`n} '{n`kgyni ep KIS ep lbun ygjd 5.&

7Jy yg`} y`ln jff m~uundm`n} nwmnsy hbu ygn A~{j`y` i`dju gji jfunjip ennd snkkni yb ygn ^] ibffju$ Ygn A~{j`y` i`djugji ennd ljdjkni {`yg un}snmy yb j ej}any bh m~uundm`n} `d {g`mg ygn {n`kgy bh ygn ibffju {j} enf`nxni yb en}~e}yjdy`jf$ J} ygn A~{j`y` j~ygbu`y`n} enkjd yb snk ygn i`dju yb ygn ^] ibffju& gb{nxnu& ygnp lj`dyj`dni junfjy`xnfp {ìn ljuk`d bh =$>. bd n`ygnu }ìn bh sju`yp$

ygn `dynun}y ujyn }gjff dby nwmnni ygn jxnujkn bh ygn fb{n}y ygunn ujyn} '=,lbdyg`dynuejda ujyn} ep lbun ygjd 5.&

0Ygn ynmgd`mjf mbll`yynn gji unmbllndini ygjy ygn submn}} }gb~fi submnni `d y{b }yjkn}? '` KMM m~uundm`n} ensnkkni yb ygn ^] ibffju& jdi '`` mbdxnukndmn yb mbllbd nmbdbl`m mu`ynu`j en jmg`nxni subkun}}`xnfp i~u`dk ygn

> pnju} hubl 533=$:3Juy`mfn 5& ~dinu `dynudjy`bdjf nmbdbl`m unfjy`bd}& }y`s~fjyn} ygjy lnlenu }yjyn} mbffnmy`xnfp mbdmf~in nmbdbl`mjkunnlndy} {`yg yuji`dk sjuydnu}& {g`fn Juy`mfn =: }yjyn}? Db Lnlenu ]yjyn ljp kujdy yb j dbd,Lnlenu ]yjynjdp sunhnundy`jf yunjylndy nwmnni`dk ygjy kujdyni gnun`d yb Lnlenu ]yjyn}& dbu mbdmf~in jdp jkunnlndy ygjyx`bfjyn} subx`}`bd} bh yg`} jkunnlndy$ Ygn ^JN jf}b dnkby`jyni e~y iì dby mbdmf~in j hunn,yujin jkunnlndy {`ygygn ^d`yni ]yjyn}$

::I`hhnundmn} gjxn infjpni jkunnlndy bd gb{ yb `dyubi~mn j snuljdndy }p}ynl yb i`}yuè~yn m~}ybl} unmn`sy}

jlbdk ygn }`w lnlenu }yjyn}$ Jmmbui`dk yb ygn 7 Ljp 53:: `}}~n bh ygnAgjfnno Y`ln}'j ^JN dn{}sjsnu& ygn^JN l`d`}ynu bh }yjyn hbu h`djdm`jf jhhjù} }yjyni `d j sun}} mbdhnundmn ygjy jff b~y}yjdi`dk `}}~n} {nun yb enun}bfxni ep 53:> yb ljan ygn m~}ybl} ~d`bd h~ffp bsnujy`bdjf$ Nxnd `h yg`} `} yu~n& `y lnjd} ygjy ygn mblsfny`bd bhygn mbllbd ljuany {`ff en fjynu ygjd 53:>$


15/24


:=

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hbun`kd un}nuxn} }gjff en }~hh`m`ndy yb mbxnu jy fnj}y 9 lbdyg} bh `lsbuy}&

ygn s~ef`m e~ikny inh`m`yKIS ujy`b }gjff dby nwmnni =. j} fbdk j} ygn jxnujkn b`f su`mn`} nz~jf yb bu jebxn ^])5>&:5

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jdi

ygn s~ef`m ineyKIS ujy`b }gjff dby nwmnni 83. hbu ygn kndnujf kbxnudlndy jdi ;3. hbuygn mndyujf kbxnudlndy 'Jf Hju`} 53:31 Agjd 53:3$

Ygn}n jun jflb}y ìndy`mjf yb ygn N^} Ljj}yu`mgy mu`ynu`j& nwmnsy hbu ygn jii`y`bd bh hbun`kdun}nuxn jinz~jmp$:=Ygnun `} ~dmnuyj`dyp j} yb gb{ e`di`dk ygnp jun j} ndyup mbdi`y`bd} 'j}bssb}ni yb }`lsfn lbd`ybu`dk inx`mn}$ Ygnun jun jf}b }nu`b~} z~n}y`bd} jeb~y ygn z~jf`yp jdimblsjyè`f`yp bh djy`bdjf nmbdbl`m ijyj nxnd {gnd ygnp jun i`}mfb}ni 'Jf Hju`} 53:3$:9 Yb ygnnwyndy ygjy ygn ijyj {nun munièfn jdi mblsjyèfn jmub}} mb~dyu`n}& jff mb~dyu`n}& `dmf~i`dkBljd jdi ygn ^JN& jun }jì yb gjxn lny ygn mu`ynu`j nwmnsy hbu `dhfjy`bd mbdxnukndmn jy ygn ndibh 5337 'Jf Hju`} 53:3$:>

@d O~dn 5330& ygn hbun`kd l`d`}ynu} bh Ejguj`d& A~{j`y& Zjyju& jdi ]j~i` Juje`j }`kdni ygnLbdnyjup ^d`bd Jkunnlndy jdi ygn jmmblsjdp`dk Ej}`m ]yjy~yn bh ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f& jsunm~u}bu yb ygn KMM mndyujf ejda$ Ygn Lbdnyjup ^d`bd Jkunnlndy nwsf`m`yfp inmfjun} ygjy jlbdnyjup ~d`bd }gjff en n}yjef`}gni& jdi mjff} hbu ygn inxnfbslndy bh ygn unz~`}`yn h`djdm`jf

`dhuj}yu~my~un& `dmf~i`dk sjplndy jdi }nyyfnlndy }p}ynl}& }yjy`}y`mjf }p}ynl}& jdi ygn jibsy`bdbh ~d`hbul ejda`dk unk~fjy`bd jdi }~snux`}bup u~fn}$ Ygn ubfn bh ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f& j} jsunm~u}bu yb ygn KMM mndyujf ejda& `} yb sunsjun }~mg `dhuj}yu~my~un& hbul~fjyn u~fn} bh sbf`mpmbbui`djy`bd& lbd`ybu mblsf`jdmn {`yg ygn mbdxnukndmn mu`ynu`j& jdi unmbllndi dnmn}}jupfnk`}fjy`bd hbu ygn n}yjef`}glndy bh ygn mndyujf ejda jdi ygn `dyubi~my`bd bh ejdadbyn} jdi mb`d}$Ygn Lbdnyjup ^d`bd Jkunnlndy k~jujdynn} `dinsndindmn hbu ygn mndyujf ejda {gnd `y `}nxndy~jffp n}yjef`}gni$

:5@h ygn jxnujkn b`f su`mn hjff} enfb{ ^])5> 'snu BSNM Unhnundmn Ej}any ygn inh`m`y `} jffb{ni yb u`}n jebxn =. `dsubsbuy`bd yb ygn su`mn i`hhnundmn& j} }y`s~fjyni ep j sun}muèni hbul~fj$

Ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f mbd}`}y} bh ygn ebjui bh iùnmybu} jdi ygn nwnm~y`xn ebip$ Ygnlnlenu}g`s bh ygn ebjui bh iùnmybu} `} mblsb}ni bh ygn kbxnudbu} bh ygn djy`bdjf mndyujf ejda}&{gb lnny jy fnj}y }`w y`ln} j pnju$ Njmg ebjui lnlenu gj} j }`dkfn xbyn$ Ygn nwnm~y`xn ebip&mbd}`}y`dk bh jd nwnm~y`xn sun}ìndy jdi }nd`bu nwnm~y`xn }yjhh& `} un}sbd}èfn hbu sunsju`dk}y~i`n}& lbd`ybu`dk ygn `lsfnlndyjy`bd bh ebjui unmbllndijy`bd}& jdi sunsju`dk u~fn} jdiiùnmy`xn}$ Djy`bdjf mndyujf ejda} nz~jffp }gjun ygn jil`d`}yujy`xn mb}y}$ @dinsndindmn `}j}}~uni ep ygn }yjy~yn& {g`mg }yjyn}? Dn`ygnu ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f dbu jdp lnlenu bh `y}Ebjui bh Iùnmybu} bu Nwnm~y`xn Ebip }gjff unmn`xn `d}yu~my`bd} hubl jdp KMM ebi`n} bu jdpkbxnudlndy} bh lnlenu }yjyn} bu jdp bygnu ndy`y`n} 'Juy`mfn ;$ Pny& inm`}`bd} bh ygn ebjuiunz~ùn ~djd`l`yp `d beonmy`xn ljyynu} jdi je}bf~yn ljobu`yp `d mu`l`djf ljyynu} 'Juy`mfn :3$Yg`} lnjd} ygjy& in}s`yn ygn sunynd}n bh `dinsndindmn& ygn Lbdnyjup Mb~dm`f gj} f`l`yni ~y`f`ypj} j }~sujdjy`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bd$ Ygn unz~ùnlndy bh ~djd`l`yp `d beonmy`xn ljyynu} `} j gjffljua bh`dynukbxnudlndyjf`}l jdi bdfp `di`mjyn} ygn ~d{`ff`dkdn}} bh KMM mb~dyu`n} yb }~uundinu ygnùdjy`bdjf }bxnun`kdyp$

:=]bln nwsnuy} enf`nxn ygjy yg`} `} yb ljan }~un ygjy Pnlnd& `h nxnu `y `} jffb{ni yb ob`d ygn KMM& `} ansy b~y bh ygn

}`dkfn m~uundmp$:9]bln KMM kbxnudlndy} ib dby unfnj}n su`mn jdi h`}mjf ijyj yb ygn s~ef`m `d j yujd}sjundy jdi y`lnfp ljddnu$:>[g`fn KMM mb~dyu`n} kndnujffp lj`dyj`dni }ljff hbun`kd nwmgjdkn un}nuxn} 'fn}} ygjd 9 lbdyg} bh `lsbuy} `d ygn

mj}n bh Ejguj`d& yg`} mu`ynu`bd `} fjuknfp ùunfnxjdy enmj~}n ygnp gbfi fjukn dny hbun`kd j}}ny}& ygb~kg dby j} f`z~ìun}nuxn} 'Jf Hju`} 53:3$ Ygn NME n}y`ljyni ygjy KMM kbxnudlndy} gnfi ~s yb ^]):$> yu`ff`bd {buyg bh h`djdm`jfj}}ny} `d ygnù }bxnun`kd {njfyg bu bygnu }`l`fju `dxn}ylndy h~di} 'NME 5337$


16/24


:9

8$ [GJY YGN H^YÛN GBFI]

]nxnujf }y~i`n} gjxn jssf`ni }yjdijui bsy`l~l m~uundmp junj 'BMJ mu`ynu`j yb i`}m~}} ygn sub}jdi mbd} bh lbdnyjup ~d`h`mjy`bd `d ygn KMM 'n$k$& Ojiun}`m 5335$ F`l`yni `dyujunk`bdjf yujin&fb{ `dyujunk`bdjf hjmybu lbe`f`yp& jdi ygn fjma bh yujd}sjundmp jdi unk`bdjf sbf`y`mjf `d}y`y~y`bd}

juk~n jkj`d}y lbdnyjup ~d`bd 'E~`ynu 53:31 Jf Hju`} 53:3$

:8

Bd ygn bygnu gjdi& }ljff }`n jdiygn mbllbdjf`yp bh subi~my`bd }yu~my~un jun hjmybu} lbun hjxbujefn yb n}yjef`}g`dk lbdnyjup~d`bd$:;Ygb~kg dby mbdmf~}`xn& lb}y nlsù`mjf }y~i`n} }~kkn}y ygjy KMM mb~dyu`n} yps`mjffphjmn }pllnyu`m }gbma}& fànfp unhfnmy`dk ygnù gnjxp gpiubmjuebd insndindmn '}nn& hbu nwjlsfn&Jf,Gj}}jd 5330 jdi Ujh`z 53::$:7 @dmunj}`dk ljmubnmbdbl`m `dynuinsndindmn `} `di`mjyni ep]~f`ljd '53::& {gb }gb{} ygn s`xbyjf ubfn bh ]j~i` Juje`j `d subsjkjy`dk }gbma} jmub}} ygnunk`bd ej}ni bd ijyj hubl :07;5335$

:8Ygn}n mgjujmynu`}y`m} jun enf`nxni yb uni~mn ygn yujd}jmy`bd} mb}y }jx`dk} hubl j mbllbd m~uundmp '`d ygn mj}n bh

f`l`yni `dyujunk`bdjf yujin& `dmunj}n ygn mb}y} bh jio~}ylndy {gnd ygn nwmgjdkn ujyn `} ùunxbmjefp h`wni '`d ygnmj}n bh fb{ `dyujunk`bdjf hjmybu lbe`f`yp& jdi `lsjù ygn jmmb~dyje`f`yp bh j unk`bdjf mndyujf ejda '`d ygn mj}n bhfjma bh yujd}sjundmp jdi unk`bdjf sbf`y`mjf `d}y`y~y`bd}$

Ygnun jun bygnu BMJ mbd}ìnujy`bd}& }~mg j} h`djdm`jf `dynkujy`bd& fjebu ljuany hfnwè`f`yp& jdiygn sun}ndmn bu je}ndmn bh j h`}mjf yujd}hnu lnmgjd`}l& e~y ygn f`ynujy~un bdfp }~kkn}y} ygjyygnun jun fànfp yb en ebyg mb}y} jdi endnh`y} bh lbdnyjup ~d`h`mjy`bd {`ygb~y bhhnu`dk o~iklndyjeb~y ygn unfjy`xn ljkd`y~in bh njmg 'U~yfnikn 5330$ Yg`} `} yb en nwsnmyni$ Bd ejfjdmn& ygnmbd}nd}~} x`n{ jssnju} yb en ygjy ebyg ygn mb}y} jdi ygn endnh`y} bh lbdnyjup ~d`bd `d ygn

KMM jun }ljff 'E~`ynu 53:3$ Yg`} x`n{ unhfnmy} dby bdfp BMJ mbd}ìnujy`bd} e~y jf}b ygnbe}nuxjy`bd ygjy ygn KMM gj} sujmy`mjffp f`xni {`yg j mbllbd m~uundmp bxnu ygn sj}y }nxnujfinmjin}$ Nwmnsy hbu A~{j`y& ygn mb~dyu`n} gjxn snkkni ygn dbl`djf xjf~n} bh ygnù m~uundm`n} ybygn ^] ibffju }`dmn ygn :0;3} 'in hjmyb bu in o~un& jy ujyn} ~dmgjdkni jy fnj}y }`dmn ygn lì,:073}$ Nxnd ygn A~{j`y` i`dju gj} unlj`dni hjùfp }yjefn {`yg un}snmy yb ygn ibffju 'jdi gndmnyb ygn bygnu h`xn m~uundm`n}& hf~my~jy`dk eny{nnd ^])=$58 jdi ^])=$;5 ibffju} snu i`dju 'bu jljuk`d bh fn}} ygjd :>. i~u`dk :00853:3 'H`k~un 5$

:;Yg`} `} enmj~}n '` ygn ~y`f`yp bh lbdnp jdi ygn }mbsn hbu u`}a }gju`dk `dmunj}n `d j fjuknu nmbdbl`m junj jdi ygnmb}y} bh k`x`dk ~s nwmgjdkn ujyn jio~}ylndy `} }ljffnu hbu j su`mn yjanu {gb mjddby ~}n ygn nwmgjdkn ujyn ybjhhnmy ygn ynul} bh yujin& jdi '`` ygn fànfp sunibl`djdmn bh }pllnyu`m }gbma} uni~mn} ygn mb}y} bh k`x`dk ~s`dinsndindy lbdnyjup sbf`mp$

:7Jf,Gj}}jd '5330 ~}ni }nmybu ijyj hbu :073533; yb }gb{ ygjy j} hn{ j} ygunn mbllbd }gbma} nwsfj`dnie~}`dn}} mpmfn inxnfbslndy} hbu ygn KMM junj1 }`l`fjufp& ej}ni bd KIS ijyj hbu :073533>& Ujh`z '53:: }gb{}ygjy ygn }pdmgubd`jy`bd bh b~ys~y kub{yg hf~my~jy`bd} eny{nnd ygn KMM mb~dyu`n} `dmunj}ni bxnu y`ln& jdi ygjy jkbbi sbuy`bd bh e~}`dn}} mpmfn hf~my~jy`bd} {nun iu`xnd ep mbllbd }gbma}$


17/24


:>

H`k~un 5? KMM Nwmgjdkn Ujyn} '^] ibffju} snu djy`bdjf m~uundmp1 jdd~jfjxnujkn})

]b~umn? @dynudjy`bdjf Lbdnyjup H~di& @dynudjy`bdjf H`djdm`jf ]yjy`}y`m}ijyjej}n$

@h jdp jii`y`bdjf mb}y} bh lbx`dk hubl j ibffju snk yb j }`dkfn m~uundmp jun }ljff& KMM mb~dyu`n}gjxn jfunjip ennd sjp`dk hbu jdp mb}y} bh k`x`dk ~s dbl`djf nwmgjdkn ujyn jio~}ylndy jmub}}mb~dyu`n} {`yg`d ygn unk`bd$ ]~mg mb}y} ljp dby en dnkf`kèfn$ Hubl :008 yb 5337& hbu nwjlsfn&ebyg ygn ^JN iùgjl jdi ygn Zjyju` u`pjf jssunm`jyni jkj`d}y ygn ]j~i` u`pjf `d unjf ynul} ep j}l~mg j} 8>. njmg& jdi ygn A~{j`y` i`dju jssunm`jyni ep =>.& jfygb~kg ygn Bljd` u`jf jdi ygnEjguj`d` i`dju njmg gji j ljw`l~l i`xnukndmn bh fn}} ygjd :3. 'H`k~un =$ Yg`} lnjd} ygjysu`mn inxnfbslndy} gjxn ennd z~`yn i`xnu}n jlbdk ygn KMM mb~dyu`n}& s~yy`dk sun}}~un bdun}b~umn hfb{} jmub}} djy`bdjf ebuinu}$ Ygn fjma bh }`kd`h`mjdy `dyujunk`bdjf yujin mnuyj`dfp gj}l`y`kjyni ygn sun}}~un& j} gj} ygn gnjxp ~}n bh nwsjyu`jyn {buanu} ygjy `dyubi~mn} fjebu ljuanyhfnwè`f`yp `d j mb~dyup {`yg j fjukn s~ef`m }nmybu '[`ffnyy ny jf$ 53:31 E~`ynu 53:3$ [`yg ygn b`f{njfyg& lbunbxnu& ygn kbxnudlndy} gjxn ennd jefn yb enju jdp mb}y} ygjy mbln hubl ygn fjma bhnwmgjdkn ujyn hfnwè`f`yp jkj`d}y ygn m~uundm`n} bh ygnù dn`kgebu} j} {nff j} jkj`d}y ygb}n bhygnù ljobu yuji`dk sjuydnu}$ J} dbyni& fjukn }~}yj`dni h`}mjf inh`m`y} {gnd g`y ep jixnu}nnwynudjf }gbma} jun ygn hf`s }ìn bh ygn je`f`yp bh KMM mb~dyu`n} yb sjp hbu ygn mb}y} bhlj`dyj`d`dk j h`wni nwmgjdkn ujyn$


18/24


:8

H`k~un =? Unjf Nwmgjdkn Ujyn Lbxnlndy} bh KMM M~uundm`n} jkj`d}y ygn ]j~i`U`pjf

Dbyn? Jd dmunj}n d ygn `dinw indbyn} j unjf jssunm`jy`bd jkj`d}y ygn u`pjf d ynul} bh mbd}~lnu su`mn}1 5333


19/24


:;

bh `dyujunk`bdjf yujin& bdn mb~fi {`yg }bln mbdhìndmn suni`my ygjy b~ys~y jdi unfjy`xn su`mnlbxnlndy} mb~fi bdfp i`xnukn$

Nmbdbl`m unj}bd`dk `} lbun unfnxjdy yb ygn fbdk,u~d }~}yj`dje`f`yp bh lbdnyjup ~d`bd ygjd ygnje`f`yp bh KMM mb~dyu`n} yb jibsy j }`dkfn m~uundmp `d ygn dnju h~y~un$ Jun ygn `di`xì~jfmb~dyu`n} {`ff`dk yb k`xn ~s `dinsndindy lbdnyjup sbf`mp& k`xnd ygn sub}snmy bh j}pllnyu`m

b~ys~y lbxnlndy}2 Mjd ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp }yjdi ygn sun}}~un bh }`kd`h`mjdy unfjy`xn su`mnmgjdkn} bd un}b~umn hfb{}& `h ygn lbdnyjup ~d`bd `dinni }~mmnni} `d sublby`dk kunjynu`dyujunk`bdjf yujin2 Mjd ygn unk`bd mbdy`d~n yb mb~dy bd ygn b`f {njfyg yb {njygnu ygn `lsjmy bhjixnu}n }gbma}& j} `y gj} ibdn `d ygn sj}y `d lj`dyj`d`dk j snk yb ygn ^] ibffju2 Mjd `y mbdy`d~nyb ~}n nwsjyu`jyn {buanu} j} j }gbma je}buenu `h ygn kbxnudlndy} }~mmnni `d unsfjm`dk ygnl{`yg ygn u`}`dk kndnujy`bd bh djy`bdjf}2 Ygn ùbdp bh KMM lbdnyjup ~d`bd `} ygjy fbdk,u~d}~mmn}}`d nmbdbl`m i`xnu}`h`mjy`bd& unk`bdjf `dynkujy`bd& jdi su`xjyn }nmybu inxnfbslndy hbuygn fbmjf sbs~fjy`bdmb~fi ndi ~s munjy`dk j }nni bh }nfh,in}yu~my`bd$

;$ MBDMF^]@BD? [GJY FN]]BD] HBU UNK@BDJFNMBDBL@M MBBSNUJY@BD2

Ygn}n mbd}ìnujy`bd} ~dinu}mbun ygn dnni yb e~`fi }yubdk `d}y`y~y`bd} j} ygn KMM lbxn} yb{juin}yjef`}g`dk lbdnyjup ~d`bd$ In Kuj~{n '53:3 dbyn} ygjy `d N~ubsn sbf`y`mjf jdi `d}y`y~y`bdjf`dynkujy`bd sunmnini lbdnyjup ~d`h`mjy`bd$ [gnd ygn n~ub {j} fj~dmgni& ygnun jfunjip nw`}yniunk`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bd} ygjy mb~fi yjan inm`}`bd} {`yg j z~jf`h`ni ljobu`yp& jmmblsjd`ni ep j {nff,

n}yjef`}gni m~fy~un bh mbbsnujy`bd jlbdk }nd`bu djy`bdjf sbf`mp ljanu}$ Ygn je}ndmn bh j}~sujdjy`bdjf sbf`y`mjf `d}y`y~y`bd `d ygn KMM mb~fi ~dinul`dn ygn jmmb~dyje`f`yp bh ygn unk`bdjfmndyujf ejda 'E~`ynu 53:3& n}snm`jffp {gnd lnlenu mb~dyu`n} ib dby i`}mfb}n mu`y`mjf nmbdbl`mjdi h`}mjf ijyj `d j yujd}sjundy jdi y`lnfp ljddnu$ Inm`}`bd ep h`jy jy ygn fnxnf bh ygn ]~sunlnMb~dm`f mjd bdfp kb }b hju$ Ygn unmndy iney mu`}`} gj} ljin `y mfnju ygjy& nxnd `d N~ubsn& ygnmbbui`djy`bd bh h`}mjf& unk~fjybup& jdi }yu~my~ujf sbf`m`n} jy ygn unk`bdjf fnxnf {j} `djinz~jyn hbuj mbllbd m~uundmp$ KMM mb~dyu`n} l~}y ~}n ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp subonmy j} jd bssbuy~d`yp ybe~`fi }yubdk }~sujdjy`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bd}& `dmf~i`dk yujd}sjundy lnmgjd`}l} bh }~uxn`ffjdmn jdisbf`mp mbbui`djy`bd 'sb}}èfp ep e~`fi`dk ~sbd ygn kfbejf lnmgjd`}l bhhnuni ep ygn @dynudjy`bdjfLbdnyjup H~di& `h dby ep munjy`dk jd ndyùnfp }nsjujyn lnmgjd`}l& yb ljan }~un ygjy ygn }`dkfnm~uundmp& {gnd `dyubi~mni& `} i~ujefn yb ygn endnh`y bh jff$

Yg`} sjsnu gj} unx`n{ni ygn nwsnu`ndmn bh unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd `d ygn KMM& hubl ygnnjufp :073} yb ygn sun}ndy$ Sbf`y`mjf mjfm~fjy`bd jdi e~unj~mujy`m mjsjm`yp gj} i`myjyni ygn {jpygn KMM gj} nxbfxni bxnu y`ln$ Ygn KMM {j} hù}y jdi hbunlb}y mbdmn`xni j} j unk`bdjf}nm~u`yp jff`jdmn& e~y bdfp f`l`yni subkun}} gj} ennd jmg`nxni `d l`f`yjup jdi sbf`y`mjfmbbsnujy`bd$ Yg`} `} nj}`fp ~dinu}ybbi `d ygn mbdynwy bh `dinsndindy }bxnun`kd} {gb gjxni`hhnu`dk x`n{} jdi sunhnundmn}$ K`xnd ygn fjma bh nwsf`m`y subkun}} `d }nm~u`yp mbbsnujy`bd& ygnKMM {j} z~`mafp yujd}hbulni `dyb j hujln{bua `d {g`mg l~y~jf }nm~u`yp `} ndgjdmni ygub~kgnmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd$ Nxnd }b& f`yyfn {j} `d`y`jffp jmg`nxni `d yg`} junj j} {nff$ @y ybba ygn KMM

dnjufp y{b inmjin} bh insun}}ni b`f su`mn} jdi fjmaf~}ynu nmbdbl`m snuhbuljdmn yb undn{ `y}mbll`ylndy yb sublby`dk unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd& e~y ygnd ygn }~ukn `d b`f su`mn}{njandni `y} un}bfxn i~u`dk ygn fjyynu gjfh bh ygn 5333}$ Ygb~kg ygn mbllbd ljuany {j} h`djffpfj~dmgni `d Ojd~jup 5337& djy`bdjf xn}yni `dynun}y} jdi e~unj~mujy`m mjsjm`yp gjxn }b hjuinfjpni ygn ndjmylndy bh xju`b~} djy`bdjf }yjy~yn} dnmn}}jup yb jffb{ ygn yu~fp ~d`dgè`ynilbxnlndy bh kbbi}& }nux`mn}& mjs`yjf& jdi fjebu$

Ygn KMM `} j mbllbd ljuany `d ygn lja`dk& jdi yg`} `} {gnun ygn KMM jssnju} yb en lb}ymblhbuyjefn$ Jff KMM mb~dyu`n} sjuy`m`sjyn `d ygn mbllbd ljuany subonmy1 Lbubmmb jdi Obuijd


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ljp jf}b }bln ijp sjuy`m`sjyn$53 E~y yb kb enpbdi ygn mbllbd ljuany `} jd nwnum`}n ygjyunz~ùn} ygn kunjynu }~uundinu bh }bxnun`kdyp ygjd }bln kbxnudlndy} jun {`ff`dk yb jmmnsy$K`xnd {gjy gj} }b hju ennd jmg`nxni& jdi `d x`n{ bh ygn s~ef`m }yjynlndy} bh sbf`y`mjf fnjinu}& `y`} jflb}y mnuyj`d ygjy j mbllbd m~uundmp {`ff en `dyubi~mni `d ygn h~y~un$ E~y ygn `dyubi~my`bd bhj }`dkfn m~uundmp& bhh`m`jffp yjuknyni hbu 53:3& {j} dby jmg`nxni j} }mgni~fni$ Bljd jdi ygn^JN gjxn bhh`m`jffp {`ygiuj{d hubl ygn mbllbd m~uundmp subonmy& jy fnj}y hbu db{$ A~{j`y gj}

uny~udni yb j ej}any snk jhynu eu`nhfp mblsfp`dk {`yg ygn unz~ùnlndy} yb snk `y} m~uundmp yb ygn^] ibffju& j }yns jkunni ~sbd `d 533= ygjy {b~fi fnji ~s yb lbdnyjup ~d`bd$ Ygn bdkb`dk h`}mjfmu`}n} `d ygn n~ub junj& lbunbxnu& ljp jf}b gjxn sublsyni ygn KMM fnjinu} yb unj}}n}} ygny`l`dk bh `dyubi~m`dk ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp$5:

Hubl ygn }yjdisb`dy bh J}`j& ygn mbdyuj}y `} }yuà`dk 'Yjefn >$

Yg`} bdfp g`kgf`kgy} ygn hjmy ygjy ygn KMM `} dby ygn}jln j} ygn KMM Lbdnyjup ^d`bd& dbu }gb~fi ygn }~mmn}} bh ygn KMM en o~ikni }bfnfp bd ygnej}`} bh gb{ ljdp lnlenu }yjyn} ndi ~s sjuy`m`sjy`dk `d ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp$

55 [gnunj} J}`j `} i`xnu}n `d ynul}bh fjdk~jkn& m~fy~un& sbf`y`mjf sg`fb}bsgp& }yjkn bh inxnfbslndy& jdi snu mjs`yj `dmbln& ygnKMM `} j g`kgfp gblbkndnb~} kub~s bh mb~dyu`n}$ @d J}`j `y gj} ennd j }fb{ jdi i`hh`m~fysubmn}} yb hbul mbd}nd}~} bd unk`bdjf mbbsnujy`bd& e~y jkunnlndy mbffnmy`xnfp yb sublbynnmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd {j} unjmgni ujygnu z~`mafp ep ygn gnji} bh }yjyn bh ygn }`w K~fh mb~dyu`n}$

[g`fn ygn sb}}è`f`yp bh j }`dkfn m~uundmp hbu J}`j `} bdfp j iunjl gnfi ep j hn{& `y {j} sjuy bh ygnx`}`bd ~djd`lb~}fp ~sgnfi ep ygn KMM hubl ygn `dmnsy`bd& dnjufp j inmjin enhbun ygn}~mmn}}h~f fj~dmg bh ygn n~ub$ J}`j }yjuyni {`yg j l~y~jf h`djdm`dk juujdknlndy `d ygn hbul bhygn Mg`jdk Lj` @d`y`jy`xn 'hbffb{ni ep `y} l~fy`fjynujf`jy`bd$ E~`fi`dk bd ygn nwsnu`ndmn kj`dnihubl ygn Nmbdbl`m Unx`n{ jdi Sbf`mp I`jfbk~n submn}}& J}`j `} db{ inxnfbs`dk j lnmgjd`}lbh unk`bdjf l~y~jf }~uxn`ffjdmn `d ygn hbul bh ygn J]NJD!= 'hbbydbyn 55 Ljmubnmbdbl`mUn}njumg Bhh`mn$ @d mbdyuj}y& ygn KMM nxnd jy yg`} jixjdmni }yjkn bh h`djdm`jf mbbsnujy`bd& gj}db }~mg `d}y`y~y`bdjf lnmgjd`}l}$5=

53

Jfygb~kg Pnlnd db{ sjuy`m`sjyn} `d ygn {bua bh }bln KMM mb~dm`f} jdi jkndm`n} '}~mg j} ygn KMM]yjdijui`jy`bd J~ygbu`yp& KMM Mb~dm`f bh Gnjfyg L`d`}ynu}& jdi ygn KMM Ni~mjy`bd jdi Yuj`d`dk E~unj~&un}`}yjdmn `} }jì yb en }yubdk yb `y} jil`yyjdmn j} j h~ff lnlenu$ ]`l~fjy`bd ej}ni bd ygn @LH} Kfbejf NmbdblpLbinf& gb{nxnu& }gb{} ygjy ygn `dmf~}`bd bh Pnlnd mb~fi subi~mn fjukn nmbdbl`m endnh`y} hbu ebyg Pnlnd jdiygn KMM mb~dyu`n}& jlb~dy`dk yb jd `dmunj}n `d KIS bh j} l~mg j} :9.:7. hbu Pnlnd jdi ;.53. hbu KMMmb~dyu`n} `d ygn fbdk u~d 'Mgjl`& Nfnaijk& jdi Ymgjajubx 5339$ Ygn endnh`y} fjuknfp jmmu~n hubl kunjynumblsny`y`bd jdi nhh`m`ndmp `d ygn kbbi} ljuany bh Pnlnd jdi `d ygn fjebu ljuany} bh KMM mb~dyu`n}$

@d J}`j& ljuany,iu`xnd nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd gj} munjynisun}}~un yb e~`fi `d}y`y~y`bd} yb injf {`yg `y} mbd}nz~ndmn}$ @d ygn KMM& j sbf`y`mjf inm`}`bd ybsublbyn nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd mjln hù}y$ Db{ j mbllbd ljuany& `y `} pny yb }nn ygn a`di bhnmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd jfunjip nwsnu`ndmni `d J}`j$

5:Yg`} `} jssubsu`jyn$ Jd `lsbuyjdy `}}~n yb }buy b~y jy yg`} }yjkn `} {gnygnu ygn ljdijyn bh ygn unk`bdjf mndyujf ejda

}gb~fi djuub{fp hbm~} bd su`mn }yje`f`yp& j} m~uundyfp ndx`}`bdni& bu }gb~fi `y `dmf~in h`djdm`jf }p}ynl }yje`f`yp jdinxnd ygn ubfn nwsf`m`yfp j} ygn unk`bdjf }jhnyp dny `d ygn nxndy bh j }bxnun`kd iney mu`}`}$55

J}`j gnun lnjd} J]NJD!=& {g`mg mbd}`}y} bh ygn :3 J]NJD lnlenu mb~dyu`n} 'Eu~dn` Iju~}}jfjl& Mjlebi`j&@dibdn}`j& Fjb Snbsfn+} Inlbmujy`m Uns~ef`m& Ljfjp}`j& Lpjdlju& ygn Sg`f`ss`dn}& ]`dkjsbun& Ygj`fjdi& jdi X`nyDjl sf~} ygn Snbsfn+} Uns~ef`m bh Mg`dj& Ojsjd& jdi ygn Uns~ef`m bh Abunj$ @d yg`} hujln{bua ygn mj}n bh ygnN~ubsnjd ^d`bd 'ygn n~ub bdn `d sjuy`m~fju jssnju} yb hjff }bln{gnun eny{nnd ygn KMM jdi J}`j `d jflb}y jffmjynkbu`n}$ @d N~ubsn& sbf`y`mjf mbd}nd}~}& nmbdbl`m b~ymbln& jdi `d}y`y~y`bd e~`fi`dk inxnfbsni }ìn ep }ìn&un`dhbum`dk njmg bygnu bxnu y`ln$

5=Ygb~kg ygn Juje Lbdnyjup H~di nw`}y} j} j sjd,Juje `d}y`y~y`bd yb {g`mg jff KMM mb~dyu`n} enfbdk& k`xnd ygnsbf`y`mjf jdi nmbdbl`m unjf`y`n} bh ygn Juje {bufi `y gj} unlj`dni ibuljdy j} j xng`mfn bh lbdnyjup mbbsnujy`bd'Aj{j` jdi Yjajk` 533>$


21/24


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Yjefn >? Unk`bdjf Nmbdbl`m Mbbsnujy`bd& KMM x}$ J}`j

KMM J]NJD!=

Sbf`y`mjf sg`fb}bsgp& }yjknbh nmbdbl`m inxnfbslndy&

snu mjs`yj `dmbln

Gblbkndnb~} I`xnu}n

Mbd}nd}~} bd nmbdbl`mmbbsnujy`bd

Jkunnlndy unjmgni z~`mafp Submn}} }fb{

]`dkfn m~uundmp Kbjf hubl `dmnsy`bd J iunjl gnfi ep hn{

L~y~jf h`djdm`jf }~ssbuy Dbdn Nxbfx`dk 'hubl ML@ ybML@L

Unk`bdjf }~uxn`ffjdmn Dbdn Nxbfx`dk 'SUSI"JLUB

Nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bd

b~ymbln

Pny yb bmm~u& `d}y`y~y`bd

e~`fi`dk mjln hù}y

Ljuany,iu`xnd& sun}}~un hbu

`d}y`y~y`bd e~`fi`dk]nz~ndmn Sbf`y`m} enhbun nmbdbl`m} Nmbdbl`m} enhbun sbf`y`m}

]b~umn? J~ygbu

@h J}`jd `dynkujy`bd mjd en mgjujmynu`ni j} }yubdk `d nmbdbl`m b~ymbln e~y {nja `d sbf`y`mjf{`ff& ygn bssb}`yn `} yu~n {`yg ygn KMM$ E~y ygn mbdyuj}y }ybs} gnun$ Ygn unj}bd ygjy ygunninmjin} bh mbbsnujy`bd nhhbuy} gjxn p`nfini }b f`yyfn ep {jp bh `dynkujy`bd b~ymbln `d ygn KMM `}ygn ~d{`ff`dkdn}} bh lnlenu }yjyn} yb }~uundinu }bxnun`kdyp yb unk`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bd}$ ^dfàn ygnN^& {gnun ygn lnlenu }yjyn} gjxn kuji~jffp }~uundinuni sjuy} bh }bxnun`kdyp yb sjd,N~ubsnjd`d}y`y~y`bd} 'ygb~kg ygn unmndy mu`}`} subxni ygn submn}} hju hubl mblsfnyn& ygn KMM gj} dbunk`bdjf inm`}`bd,lja`dk ebip? inm`}`bd,lja`dk j~ygbu`yp un}y} }bfnfp {`yg ygn }`w lbdjumg}&{gnun ygn u~fn bh ~djd`l`yp jssf`n}$ Mbdmndyujy`bd bh sb{nu& n}snm`jffp k`xnd ygn ibl`djdyfnjinu}g`s bh ]j~i` Juje`j j} ygn }`dkfn fjukn}y ndy`yp& iì }blny`ln} ljan inm`}`bd lja`dkz~`ma jdi nhh`m`ndy$ Jy ygn }jln y`ln& }bxnun`kdyp `} ygn xnup uj`}bd iyun bh j lbdjumg$]~uundinu bh djy`bdjf }bxnun`kdyp `} dby nj}p hbu jdp mb~dyup bu unk`bd& e~y `y `} n}snm`jffpi`hh`m~fy yb enf`nxn ygjy& `d ygn KMM& ygn gnji} bh }yjyn {`ff ljan j xbf~dyjup inm`}`bd ygjy {`ff~dinul`dn ygnù b{d nw`}yndmn& ~dfn}} ygnù }~ux`xjf `y}nfh insndi} bd `y$ Ygn sbf`y`mjf~dinus`dd`dk hbu nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd `} ygnunhbun dby yb en yjand hbu kujdyni& nxnd `d ygnKMM$ Ygn mj}n `} db i`hhnundy hubl J}`j$59

Snugjs} ygn }`dkfn lb}y `lsbuyjdy fn}}bd bh ygn KMM nwsnu`ndmn hbu unk`bdjf nmbdbl`mmbbsnujy`bd `} ygjy sbf`y`mjf {`ff jdi fnjinu}g`s jfbdn `} dby j }~hh`m`ndy mbdi`y`bd hbu }~mmn}} yben jmg`nxni z~`mafp$ Yg`} bh mb~u}n `} dby lnjdy yb l`d`l`n ygn `lsbuyjdmn bh sbf`y`mjf {`ff j} j

mu`y`mjf `dkuni`ndy bh }~mmn}}h~f unk`bdjf mbbsnujy`bd nhhbuy}$ E~y nxnd {`yg j }yubdk sbf`y`mjf {`ff&ygn submn}} bh `d}y`y~y`bd e~`fi`dk hbu unk`bdjf nmbdbl`m mbbsnujy`bd gj} ennd j }fb{ submn}} `dygn KMM$ Ygn kbjf bh nmbdbl`m `dynkujy`bddby yb lndy`bd ygn ~fy`ljyn kbjf bh lbdnyjup~d`bdgj} dby pny ennd jmg`nxni jhynu lbun ygjd =3 pnju} bh mbbsnujy`xn nhhbuy} hbffb{`dk ygn}`kd`dk bh ygn KMM Mgjuynu ep ygn }`w lbdjumg} `d :07:$ Ygn fjma bh g~ljd mjs`yjf gj}mnuyj`dfp ennd j mbd}yuj`d`dk hjmybu& e~y jf}b fjma`dk gj} ennd eubji s~ef`m }~ssbuy&

59Ygn unf~myjdmn bh J]NJD mb~dyu`n} yb }~uundinu djy`bdjf }bxnun`kdyp `d s~u}~`y bh unk`bdjf `dynkujy`bd `d}ynjimbln} hubl ygn mbfbd`jf nwsnu`ndmn bh }bln bh ygnl$ '@ b{n yg`} `d}`kgy yb Mgjfbdksgbe ]~}}jdkajud$


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jmmblsjd`ni ep ygn }nd}n bh b{dnu}g`s `d ygn subonmy jlbdk ygn mbllbd snbsfn& {g`mg `}n}}ndy`jf yb ygn }gju`dk bh mnuyj`d djy`bdjf su`x`fnkn} {`yg hbun`kdnu}$ ]~mmn}}h~f unk`bdjf`d}y`y~y`bd e~`fi`dk sun}~ssb}n} ygn kuji~jf }~uundinu bh }bxnun`kdyp& }b ygjy mnuyj`d inm`}`bd}mjd en ljin jy ygn unk`bdjf fnxnf jmmbui`dk yb j sun}muèni }ny bh u~fn}$ Yb unmn`xn ygn unz~`}`yns~ef`m }~ssbuy& lbunbxnu& mjff} hbu j g`kg inkunn bh yujd}sjundmp jdi jmmb~dyje`f`yp `d ygnbsnujy`bd bh unk`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bd}$ Jy sun}ndy& ygn KMM mb~dyu`n} ib dby nxnd subxìn mu`y`mjf

nmbdbl`m ijyj bh }~hh`m`ndy z~jf`yp jdi y`lnf`dn}}$

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db }`kd`h`mjdy }~uundinu bh }bxnun`kdyp mb~fi en nwsnmyni$E~y ygn }~mmn}}h~f bsnujy`bd bh j }`dkfn m~uundmp {`ff unz~ùn ygn ~fy`ljyn }~uundinu bh djy`bdjf}bxnun`kdyp `d anp ljmubnmbdbl`m sbf`mp junj}$ KMM mb~dyu`n} gjxn `d ygn sj}y ~}ni ygnùlj}}`xn b`f {njfyg yb sjp hbu ygn mb}y} bh lj`dyj`d`dk j h`wni nwmgjdkn ujyn unk`ln& e~y ygnmb}y} mb~fi u`}n jdi mjsjm`yp inmf`dn nxnd j} b`f jdi kj} un}nuxn} jun insfnyni `d }blnmb~dyu`n}$ ]~mmn}} mb~fi ùbd`mjffp munjyn j }nni bh }nfh,in}yu~my`bdnmbdbl`m i`xnu}`h`mjy`bd&`dyujunk`bdjf yujin nwsjd}`bd& jdi su`xjyn }nmybu inxnfbslndy mb~fi jy y`ln} mj~}n ygnsun}}~un bh i`xnukndy unfjy`xn su`mn inxnfbslndy} yb `dynd}`hp bd mub}},ebuinu un}b~umn hfb{}$Yb mbsn {`yg ygn}n jdi bygnu mgjffndkn} bh ljdjk`dk j mbllbd m~uundmp& KMM mb~dyu`n} l~}y

inxnfbs ube~}y unk`bdjf lnmgjd`}l} bh }~uxn`ffjdmn& sbf`mp mbbui`djy`bd& l~y~jf h`djdm`jfj}}`}yjdmn& jdi h`}mjf yujd}hnu}& hbu {g`mg ygn m~uundy %bdn mb~dyup& bdn xbyn% su`dm`sfn bhinm`}`bd lja`dk ljp gjxn yb p`nfi yb j }p}ynl bh {n`kgyni xby`dk mbllnd}~ujyn {`yg ygnnmbdbl`m }`n jdi un}b~umn} bh njmg mb~dyup$ [`ygb~y jd nhhnmy`xn }~sujdjy`bdjf `d}y`y~y`bdj~ygbu`ni yb ljan inm`}`bd} {gnd i`}s~yn} bmm~u& db }lbbyg bsnujy`bd bh j m~}ybl} ~d`bd bumbllbd ljuany& fny jfbdn jd nmbdbl`m jdi lbdnyjup ~d`bd& mjd en nwsnmyni$ Jun ygnlbdjumg} {`ff`dk yb }~uundinu lbun bh ygnù }bxnun`kdyp yb ljan yg`} sb}}èfn2 Yg`} `} ygn }jlnj} j}a`dk `h ygn }`dkfn m~uundmp {`ff en }~mmn}}h~f `d ygn KMM$


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E~`ynu& [$ G$ 53:3$ Nmbdbl`m& Sbf`y`mjf& jdi @d}y`y~y`bdjf Sununz~`}`yn} hbu Lbdnyjup ^d`bdjlbdk ygn Lnlenu} bh ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f$ @d M~uundmp ^d`bd jdi NwmgjdknUjyn @}}~n}? Fn}}bd} hbu ygn K~fh ]yjyn}& ni`yni ep U$ LjmIbdjfi jdi J$ Jf Hju`}$Mgnfyndgjl& Â jdi Dbuygjlsybd& LJ? Ni{jui Nfkju& 5080$

Mgjl`& ]$& ]$ Nfnaijk& jdi @$ Ymgjajubx$ 5339$ [gjy Jun ygn Sbyndy`jf Endnh`y} bh Ndfjuk`dk ygnK~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f2 @LH [bua`dk Sjsnu39":>5$

In Kuj~{n& S$ 53:3$ Ygn N~ub Nwsnu`ndmn jdi Fn}}bd} hbu ygn KMM M~uundmp ^d`bd$ @dM~uundmp ^d`bd jdi Nwmgjdkn Ujyn @}}~n}? Fn}}bd} hbu ygn K~fh ]yjyn}& ni`yni ep U$LjmIbdjfi jdi J$ Jf Hju`}$ Mgnfyndgjl& Â jdi Dbuygjlsybd& LJ? Ni{jui Nfkju& ;375$

N}s`dbj& U$& J$ Suj}ji& jdi B$ [`ff`jl}$ 53:3$ Unk`bdjf H`djdm`jf @dynkujy`bd `d ygn KMM$ @LH[bua`dk Sjsnu:3"03$

N~ubsnjd Mndyujf Ejda$ 5337$ Ygn K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f Mb~dyu`n}? Nmbdbl`m ]yu~my~un}&Unmndy Inxnfbslndy} jdi Ubfn `d ygn Kfbejf Nmbdblp& sunsjuni ep L$ ]y~ul& O$]yuj}ap& S$ Jibfh& jdi I$ Sn}mgnf$ Bmmj}`bdjf Sjsnu ]nu`n}Db$ 05$

Hujdanf& O$ J$ jdi J$ A$ Ub}n$ :007$ Ygn Ndibkndn`yp bh ygn Bsy`l~l M~uundmp Junj Mu`ynu`j$Nmbdbl`m Ob~udjf& Xbf$ :37? :&3305>$

@LH$ 5338$ Unk`bdjf Nmbdbl`m B~yfbba? Lìifn Nj}y jdi Mndyujf J}`j$ q[j}g`dkybd|?]nsynlenu$

$ 5337$ Ygn KMM Lbdnyjup ^d`bdMgb`mn bh Nwmgjdkn Ujyn Unk`ln$ q[j}g`dkybd|$

$ 53::$ Unk`bdjf Nmbdbl`m B~yfbba? Lìifn Nj}y jdi Mndyujf J}`j$ q[j}g`dkybd|?Bmybenu$

Ojiun}`m& N$ 5335$ Bd j Mbllbd M~uundmp hbu ygn KMM Mb~dyu`n}$ @LH Sbf`mp I`}m~}}`bdSjsnu35":5$

Obgju& G$ J$ :00;$ Dn{ I`lnd}`bd} bh H~y~un ]nm~u`yp `d ygn K~fh$ Ob~udjf bh ]bm`jf& Sbf`y`mjfjdi Nmbdbl`m ]y~i`n}& Xbf$ 55& Db$ =? 58;09$

Aj{j`& L$ jdi ]$ Yjajk`$ 533>$ Yb{jui} Unk`bdjf Lbdnyjup Mbbsnujy`bd `d Nj}y J}`j? Fn}}bd}hubl Bygnu Sjuy} bh ygn [bufi$ @dynudjy`bdjf Ob~udjf bh H`djdmn jdi Nmbdbl`m}& Xbf$ :3?0;::8& Jsu`f$

Anmg`mg`jd& O$ J$ 5339$ Inlbmujy`jy`bd `d K~fh Lbdjumg`n}? J Dn{ Mgjffndkn yb ygn KMM$Lìifn Nj}y Sbf`mp& Xbf$ ::& Db$ 9? =;>;$

Agjd& L$ ]$ 53:3$ Ygn KMM Lbdnyjup ^d`bd? Mgb`mn bh Nwmgjdkn Ujyn Unk`ln$ @d M~uundmp^d`bd jdi Nwmgjdkn Ujyn @}}~n}? Fn}}bd} hbu ygn K~fh ]yjyn}& ni`yni ep U$ LjmIbdjfijdi J$ Jf Hju`}$ Mgnfyndgjl& Â jdi Dbuygjlsybd& LJ? Ni{jui Nfkju& 7=0;$


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Au~kljd& S$ :00=$ Fn}}bd} bh Lj}}jmg~}nyy} hbu NL^$ @d Ygn Yujd}`y`bd yb Nmbdbl`m jdiLbdnyjup ^d`bd `d N~ubsn& ni`yni ep H$ K`jxj` jdi H$ Ybuun}$ Dn{ Pbua? Mjleuìkn^d`xnu}`yp Sun}}$

Lìifn Nj}y jdi Mndyujf J}`j Insjuylndy bh ygn @LH$ 53::$ K~fh Mbbsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f Mb~dyu`n}?Ndgjdm`dk Nmbdbl`m B~ymbln} `d jd ^dmnuyj`d Kfbejf Nmbdblp$ q[j}g`dkybd|$

Dbxjy`& K$ M$ :07>$ Ygn NNM jdi ygn K~fh Mb,bsnujy`bd Mb~dm`f$ @d Ygn Juje K~fh jdi ygn [n}y&ni`yni ep E$ U$ Suìgjl$ Dn{ Pbua? ]y$ Ljuy`d} Sun}}& ::355$

Bukjd`jy`bd bh ygn Snyubfn~l Nwsbuy`dk Mb~dyu`n} 'BSNM$ 53::$ Jdd~jf ]yjy`}y`mjf E~ffny`d53:3"53:: ni`y`bd$ X`nddj$

Ujh`z& L$ ]$ 53::$ Ygn Bsy`ljf`yp bh j K~fh M~uundmp ^d`bd? Mbllbdjf`y`n} jdi @i`b}pdmuj}`n}$Nmbdbl`m Lbinf`dkXbf$ 57? ;5793$

U~yfnikn& N$ O$ 5330$ Lbdnyjup ^d`bd `d ygn K~fh? Sub}snmy} hbu j ]`dkfn M~uundmp `d ygnJuje`jd Snd`d}~fj$ Fbdibd jdi Dn{ Pbua? Ub~yfnikn$

]~f`ljd& B$ 53::$ Ygn Fjukn Mb~dyup Nhhnmy& Mbdyjk`bd& jdi ]s`ffbxnu Nhhnmy} `d ygn KMM$Jssf`ni Nmbdbl`m} Fnyynu}Xbf$ :7? 57>09$

Y{`djl& O$ [$ :005$ Ygn K~fh& Mbbsnujy`bd& jdi ygn Mb~dm`f? Jd Jlnu`mjd Snu}snmy`xn$[j}g`dkybd& IM? Lìifn Nj}y Sbf`mp Mb~dm`f$

[`ffny& Y$ I$& A$ L$ Jf,Eju{jd`& jdi ]$ L$ Nf Gjk$ 53:3$ Ygn KMM} H`wni Nwmgjdkn Ujyn? JLjobu Jdbljfp hbu BMJ Jdjfp}`}$ Ygn [bufi Nmbdblp:? ;35:;$

establishing monetary union in the gulf cooperation council: what lessons for regional cooperation?

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