establishing large international research facilities: the

Establishing large international research facilities: the PP case !

!!!!

Chiba, July 16 , 2013!Sergio Bertolucci!

CERN !

LHC

Prologue!

! Is Particle Physics still a reference case for a global scientific enterprise?!!

!!

ASEPS 2013, Chiba! 2!

• Largest scientific instrument ever built, 27km of circumference • 10 000 people involved in its design and construction

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN


Our Science is getting more and more global!

ATLAS, 18-12-2009

> 20 years of efforts of the worldwide ATLAS scientific community, supported by Funding Agencies and Governments

Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, HU Berlin, Bern, Birmingham, UAN Bogota, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis, Brasil Cluster, Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Chile, Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, SMU Dallas, UT Dallas, DESY, Dortmund, TU Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Edinburgh, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, Göttingen, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard, Heidelberg, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Iowa, UC Irvine, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano, Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, RUPHE Morocco, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Nagoya, Naples, New Mexico, New York, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, Oklahoma SU, Olomouc, Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Regina, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, SLAC, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, Sussex, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Tokyo Tech, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine/ICTP, Uppsala, UI Urbana, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Waseda, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, FH Wiener Neustadt, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Würzburg, Yale, Yerevan

~ 3000 scientists (~1000 students), 177 Institutions, 38 countries

2010-2013: deciding years (from ASEPS 2010)!

Experimental data will take the floor to drive the field to the next steps:! LHC results! θ13 (T2K, Daya Bay, Reno, DChooz, etc..)! Dark Matter searches! Rare decays! Precision experiments (LFV, g-2, EDM,…)! Astro (Planck, Fermi, etc..)! ν masses (Cuore, Gerda, Nemo…)! …….!

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Going beyond Standard Model…!…. because:!

  It doesnʼt solve the hierarchy problem!

  It has no explanation for dark matter/dark energy!

  Its mechanisms of CPV are too small to explain matter/antimatter imbalance!

  It doesnʼt explain neutrino masses and oscillations!

  It cannot provide a QFT of gravitation!

  ….etc!


LHC now and in the (near) future!

for a fixed mass scale 2 TeV

40-50

rise because of steep

fall-off of the lower-energy

PDF, at large x

from http://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/~wjs/plots/plots.html

G. Rolandi, private comm. ASEPS 2013, Chiba! 8!

LHC, the next 20 years !

?, IR!

4x

, bunch spacing 25 ns

~20-25 fb-1!

~75-100 fb-1!

~350 fb-1!



Go to design energy, nominal luminosity

Injector and LHC Phase-1 upgrade to ultimate design luminosity

HL-LHC Phase-2 upgrade, IR, crab cavities?

√s=14 TeV, L=5x1034 cm-2 s-1, luminosity levelling

√s=14 TeV, L~2x1034 cm-2 s-1, bunch spacing 25 ns

√s=13~14 TeV, L~1x1034 cm-2 s-1, bunch spacing 25 ns

√s=7~8 TeV, L=6x1033 cm-2 s-1, bunch spacing 50 ns

  LHC startup, √s = 900 GeV


  Roadmap (Japan) published!  Roadmap discussion (US) in progress, completes next

year!  Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

completed ≡ Strategy of Europe in a global context and officially approved in Bruxelles, 29-30 May 2013) !

(http://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/EuropeanStrategy/esc-e-106.pdf)!

  Use as 1st step to harmonize globally Particle Physics Strategy !

!

!

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From Choices to Choice


Four activities have been identified as carrying the highest priority:!  Europeʼs top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the

LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030!

  CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high-energy frontier machines.!

  The initiative from the Japanese particle physics community to host the ILC in Japan is most welcome, and European groups are eager to participate. Europe looks forward to a proposal from Japan to discuss a possible participation.!

  CERN should develop a neutrino programme to pave the way for a substantial European role in future long-baseline experiments. Europe should explore the possibility of major participation in leading long-baseline neutrino projects in the US and Japan.!

!

!

From the European Update of PP


Examples of well established world cooperation/collaborations:!!  Experiments!  WLCG!  Communication/ Outreach!  Detector R&D!  Accelerator R&D!  Accelerator construction (or the path to global projects):

e.g.: LHC!  GDE!

13!ASEPS 2013, Chiba!

Facts today!!

  Facilities for HEP (and other sciences) becoming larger and

more expensive!

  Funding is not increasing!

  Fewer facilities are realisable!!  Time scales are becoming longer!

  Laboratories are changing missions!

 more coordination/collaboration is required !

14!ASEPS 2013, Chiba!

Facts today!

We need!


- to maintain expertise in all regions! national – regional – global projects!-  to ensure long term stability and support in all three regions! !-  to engage all countries with HEP communities! !-  to integrate emerging countries (regions)!

-  to establish a new governance model to decide, build and operate research infrastructures at a global level !

!-  to better connect to other fields in physics and in other

sciences at large! !

From Global Projects to Global Programs!

How to engage the world in a commonly coordinated and supported particle physics program?! The ultimate step:!World laboratory or sustained partnership! World Laboratory == ʻInternationalʼ CERN ! Global Laboratory == Long -Term Partnership !


One way or the other, it should…!

  provide a stable baseline for long term projects!  make best use of world-wide competence, ideas,

resources!  make projects part of the national programs of the

participating countries!  create a visible presence of activities in all

participating countries!  Keep scientific and technical expertise alive in

laboratories and universities and be attractive for young scientists!

!ASEPS 2013, Chiba! 17!

A look back to the Seventies!  1975 New Orleans: !Topical seminar to discuss facilities which could only be

realised on world scale i.e. a world machine !  International study group set up!but !LEP initiated by CERN before results from the study

group were available. . . . !

!!


. . . need was seen but no strategy developed

What we have now!Two complementary governance constructs:   Formal Host Lab Convention (CERN)   Experiments, based on Memoranda of

Understanding

!!


Experiments (projects) ARE NOT a legal entity, they rely heavily on the host lab for their establishment, execution, operation.

CERN Organization

COUNCIL Scientific Policy Committee

Finance Committee

ASEPS 2013, Chiba 20

  Membership for Non-European countries!  New Associate Membership defined!  CERN participation in global projects

independent of location!

“Future major facilities in Europe and elsewhere require collaboration on a global scale. CERN should be the framework within which to organise a global particle physics accelerator project in Europe, and should also be the leading European partner in global particle physics accelerator projects elsewhere. Possible additional contributions to such projects from CERNʼs Member and Associate Member States in Europe should be coordinated with CERN”.!

CERN going global….

Is the current coordination enough for the future global challenges?!!  It works very well for large experiments!  It is definitely not sufficient to establish a new infrastructure

and to operate it in a stable way!

Need to promote a stakeholder forum, empowered to take decisions and to get long term commitments!  A necessary step for any future global infrastructure!

Coordination at the global level

In summary!  2010-2012: extraordinary years!! But we are just at the beginning of a long

journey.! By now, experimental results are

dictating the agenda of the field.! We need to accelerate the reflection on

next steps! No time to idle: a lot of work has to be done !

In summary!

We will need!

 Flexibility! Preparedness! Visionary global policies !


!!

Thank you!!


establishing large international research facilities: the

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