Establishing a Capacity Roadmap

ATC Manager Michael Shee

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• 1300 Hectares • 2 Runways • 4 Terminals • 40% Heavy traffic • 53.7m pax movement (4.9%) • 343,800 commercial aircraft movements (5.9%)

Changi Today

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Scheduled Commercial Movements at Changi

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Building Blocks for Capacity Enhancements

Runway

Terminal Area

En-route

• Consideration: Airspace

complexities Air Traffic Control

(ATC) work processes

ATC workload and performance

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Approach to Capacity Building • Determine the current capacity • Identify measures to be implemented to enhance

capacity • Develop action plan to implement measures

• Take phased approach to increase scheduling rate • Formulate and design enablers • Increase ATCO manpower and enhance training • Expose ATCOs to an environment of high intensity

operations • Measure performance to determine effectiveness

Capacity Roadmap

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64

35

45

55

65

75

85

200000

300000

400000

500000Annual ATM

85 80 75 70 65 60 55

2018

Capacity Enhancement Approach

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• Route restructuring • Reduction in Horizontal

Separation

• No Pre-departure Clearance

• Streamlining departure clearance

• Reconfiguration of Approach Sector

• Continuous Descent Operations

• Gate-hold Procedures • Pushback procedures • 1-minute departure

separation

Enhancing Capacity Surface

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Factors affecting Runway Capacity

20R

Wake Vortex

Separation Minima

Runway Occupancy

Sequencing

Runway Configuration

Airport Layout Scheduling & Traffic Mix Weather Airspace & ATC Procedures Environmental Constraints

Runway Capacity Enhancement • Optimising pushback procedures to enhance capacity

through flexibility • Mixed-mode runway operations to maximize both

Runways utilization • Gate-hold procedures, pushback time varied to reduce

waiting time and congestion on the taxiway, as well as to reduce fuel burn.

• Enhancements to ATC sequencing to minimize overall separation intervals: Move away from first-come-first-served basis

Maximising Runway Occupancy Time • Fostering awareness among stakeholders on need to

improve performance • Publish ROT recommendations in AIP • Set performance target for major airlines according to

fleet mix

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30

50

70

90

110

130

150

BO

X

SQ

C

EV

A

CC

A

AA

R

AN

A

CA

L

JAL

BA

W

BK

P

QTR

AH

K

THY

CR

K

CE

S

MD

L

PA

L

MA

S

AIC

BTV

CS

N

HV

N

ALK GIA

SLK

VLU FI

N

JAI

JSA

JST

SR

Q

TGW

TSE

RO

T (S

econ

ds)

12

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

NC

A

DLH KA

L

JAL

FDX

BV

T

AH

K

QTR

AN

A

THY

KLM

FFM

CA

D

ETD

SC

O

PA

L

FIN

CE

B

RB

A

CP

A

CS

N

ALK GIA LN

I

AIC

SLK

VLU

TGW

JSA

UP

S

SR

Q

RO

T (S

econ

ds)

Airlines (n>9)

Average and Variance ROT

2012 Average

ROT 65.62s

2013 Average

ROT 64.84s

Collaboration with the Airport Operator

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Increase Runway availability Periodic closures for runway maintenance, inspection and FOD retrieval Coordinate timing and duration of runway closures to maximise runway availability

Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) Dynamic information sharing across airport community Enhance decision making, response to changes and deployment of resources

Enhancing Capacity Departure & Arrival

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Enhancing Capacity with Departure Spacing • Minimising ground delay with reduction in

departure separation for same wake category 90 seconds 60 seconds

45°

Simultaneous Departures

15°

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Airspace Design with PBN

Changi Airport

Before

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After

Enhancing Capacity Enroute

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Enhancing En-route Capacity

• Utilizing Performance Based Navigation (PBN) to optimise route design

• Profile segregation, separate arrivals and departures against overflights

• Enhancing surveillance and communications to enable separation reduction ADS-C / CPDLC ADS-B

• Collaboration with neighbouring ANSPs

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RNP10 50NM Longitudinal Spacing with Manila

SIN

MNL

Before Restructuring

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After Restructuring

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Reduction of Longitudinal Separation between SIN-CGK

40NM spacing implemented in Aug 2012 20NM spacing implemented in Dec 2013

SIN

CGK

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RNAV5 Routes over Peninsula Malaysia

SIN

KUL

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ADS-B Implementation • Implementation in South China Sea area

Exclusive ADS‐B operations at FL290 and above – Dec 2013

RADAR

Capacity Enhancement with ADS-B

• Enhancing surveillance coverage beyond the conventional radar

• Optimising capacity and increase opportunity for ADS-B equipped & approved flights to cruise at optimum levels • Implemented on 12 December 2013

• Benefit departure on ATS Routes M753 & M771

10 minutes 10 minutes

10 minutes Delay*

40 NM (5 mins)

5 minutes Delay*

40 NM (5 mins)

ADS-B

WITHOUT ADS-B

RADAR

WITH ADS-B

Enhancing Capacity Process Enhancement

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Enhancing of ATC Processes

• No Pre-Departure Coordination with adjacent ATC centres, reduce coordination workload

• Streamlined pre-departure clearance and reduce R/T clutter

• Maximising ATC productivity with technologies and advanced ATM Tools ATC Clearance through Data Link New ATC System - LORADS III

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Capacity Roadmap

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64

35

45

55

65

75

85

200000

300000

400000

500000Annual ATM

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

2018

Conclusion

• Taking a phased approach in growing capacity • Identify measures that can support capacity

enhancement • Plan and prepare implementation, taking into

considerations procedures, resources, training, etc. • Measure effectiveness of initiatives using metrics such

as ROT performance, delay, workload and feedback from users

• Collaboration with stakeholders to work together on capacity building journey.

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Thank you