essentials of cultural anthropology, sixth edition
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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition. Garrick Bailey James Peoples. Chapter 1. The Study Of Humanity. Chapter Outline. Subfields of Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Today Understanding Human Cultures: Anthropological Approaches The Value of Anthropology. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition
Garrick Bailey
James Peoples
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Chapter 1
The Study Of Humanity
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Chapter Outline Subfields of Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Today Understanding Human Cultures:
Anthropological Approaches The Value of Anthropology
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Subfields of Anthropology Archaeology Biological (Physical) Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Anthropological Linguistics Applied Anthropology
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Archeology Investigating the human past by
excavating and analyzing material remains.
Prehistoric archaeology investigates cultures that lived before the development of writing.
Historic archaeology investigates written accounts along with historic sites.
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Biological Anthropology Investigates:
Anatomy and behavior of monkeys and apes. Physical variations between different human
populations. Biological evolution of the human species.
Primatology is the study of evolution, anatomy, social behavior and adaptation of primates.
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Biological Anthropology Human Variation
How and why populations vary physically. Paleoanthropology
How and why humans species evolved. Forensic Anthropology
Analyze and identify human remains.
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Cultural Anthropology The study of contemporary and
historically recent human societies and cultures.
Focus on the customs and beliefs of a human group.
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Cultural Anthropology: Objectives Study how groups of humans lived. Compare cultures to determine universal
principles. Understand how dimensions of human life
relate (religion, art, communication, family). Understand cultural change. Make the public aware of cultural differences.
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Fieldwork Moving into the community under study,
communicating in the local language and living in close contact with the people.
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Ethnography A written account of how a single human
population lives.
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Anthropological Linguistics How is language used in social contexts? What styles of speech do people use? What do the labels people attach to the
environment tell us about the the way they perceive the environment?
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Anthropological Linguistics Concerned with the complex relations
between language and other aspects of human behavior and thought.
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Applied Anthropology
Applies research skills to human problems. Medical anthropology - health, nutrition,
social environment and cultural beliefs. Development anthropology - helps
agencies adapt projects to community needs.
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Applied AnthropologyApplies research skills to human problems. Educational anthropology - deals with issues
of learning and teaching. Corporate anthropology - trains employees
within a company what to expect and how to speak and act when they conduct business in other countries.
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Cultural Anthropology Today Research is often done in urban,
industrial areas. Extended fieldwork continues to
distinguish cultural anthropology from other disciplines.
Research extends across many disciplines (law, music, religion, etc.).
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Globalization The effect on cultures of:
intermixing and migrations of peoples with diverse homelands
multinational reach of communications media movement of production and services to
overseas locales increase in international travel and tourism.
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Anthropological Perspectives Holistic -No dimension of culture can be
understood in isolation. Comparative - Generalizations about
humans must consider the range of cultural diversity.
Relativistic -Cultures cannot be evaluated based on the standards of another culture.
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Cultural Relativism No culture is inherently superior or inferior
to any other culture.
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Ethnocentrism The belief that moral standards, manners
and attitudes of one's own culture are superior to those of other cultures.
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Value of Anthropology Allows us to see the development of
human biology and culture over time. Provides knowledge about human
evolution, prehistoric populations, and tribal societies.
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Value of Anthropology Encourages understanding and tolerance
among citizens of different nations. Allows us to compare our lives with those
of people living in different times and places.
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Quick Quiz
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1. Anthropology has how many subfields?
a) just one
b) three
c) five
d) six
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Answer: c Anthropology has five subfields:
archeology, biological or physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and applied anthropology.
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2. Paleoanthropologists study:
a) our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees
b) people such as the Asmat from New Guinea
c) the aged
d) our fossil ancestor
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Answer: d Paleoanthropologists study fossils to
determine how our species evolved.
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3. Primatologists study:
a) plant pollen
b) monkeys and apes
c) prehistoric people and their sites
d) the social context of language
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Answer: b Primatologists study monkeys and apes.