essential medicines who 15th edition
TRANSCRIPT
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WHOModelList(revisedMarch2007)
ExplanatoryNotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthe
mostefficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsare
selectedonthebasisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafe
andcosteffectivetreatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecialized
diagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingare
needed.Incaseofdoubtmedicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistent
highercostsorlessattractivecosteffectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthe
bestevidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatis
licensedformarketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormore
effective.Wherethereisnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicine
shouldbetheonethatisgenerallyavailableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugprice
informationsources.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhen
consistent
with
WHO
clinical
guidelines.
National
lists
should
not
use
a
similar
symbol
and
should
bespecificintheirfinalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.Medicines
arelistedinalphabeticalorder,withinsections.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceutical
quality.Itistheresponsibilityofeachlocalregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateachbrandisof
appropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthat,whenrelevant,differentbrands
areinterchangeable.
Entriesofthetypeoralliquidareintendedtopermitanysolution,suspensionorotherformof
liquid.Granulesforreconstitutionasanoralliquidmaysubstitutefororalliquids,andtypically
carrybenefitsintheformofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetypeoforal
liquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,granulesforreconstitution),they
maybeinterchangedandinsuchcasesshouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdo
notcontainsugarandsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
Entriesofthetypetabletareintendedtoallowvariousformsofimmediatereleasetabletsuchas
uncoated,filmcoated,crushable,chewable,dispersibleetc.Entericcoating,ontheotherhand,
modifiesdrugrelease,andentericcoatedproductsareamodifiedreleasedosageform.Crushable,
chewableanddispersibletabletsmaybeeasiertoadministertopaediatricpopulationsandtothe
elderly.
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1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
halothane Inhalation.
ketamine Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.
nitrousoxide Inhalation.
oxygen Inhalation(medicinalgas).
thiopental Powderforinjection:0.5g;1.0g(sodiumsalt)inampoule.
1.2 Local anaesthetics
bupivacaine
Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
Injection
for
spinal
anaesthesia:
0.5%
(hydrochloride)
in
4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
lidocaine
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:24%(hydrochloride).
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
ephedrineInjection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures atropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
diazepamInjection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:5mg.
morphine Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
promethazine Oralliquid:5mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
2. ANALGESICS, ANTI PY RETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
MEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASEMODIFYI NG AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs) acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100500mg.
Suppository:50150mg.
ibuprofen Tablet:200mg;400mg.
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paracetamol*
Tablet:100500mg.
Suppository:100mg.
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof
provenbenefittothateffect.
2.2 Opioid analgesics
codeine Tablet:30mg(phosphate).
morphine
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine
sulfate).
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout
allopurinol Tablet:100mg.
2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)
chloroquine Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
ComplementaryList
azathioprine Tablet:50mg.
methotrexate Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
penicillamine Capsuleortablet:250mg.
sulfasalazine Tablet:500mg.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXISchlorphenamine
Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).
dexamethasoneInjection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisolone*
Tablet:5mg;25mg
*Thereisnoevidenceforcompleteclinicalsimilaritybetween
prednisoloneanddexamethasoneathighdoses.
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4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN P OISONINGS
4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated Powder.
4.2 Specific
acetylcysteine Injection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.
atropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
deferoxamine Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
DLmethionine Tablet:250mg.
methylthioniniumchloride(methylene
blue)Injection:10mg/mlin10mlampoule.
naloxone Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
penicillamine Capsuleortablet:250mg.
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H20(Prussianblue)Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumcalciumedetate Injection:200mg/mlin5mlampoule.
sodiumnitrite Injection:30mg/mlin10mlampoule.
sodiumthiosulfate Injection:250mg/mlin50mlampoule.
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ ANTIEP ILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
Oralliquid:100mg/5ml.
diazepam Injection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule(intravenousorrectal).
magnesiumsulfate*
Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin
10
ml
ampoule.
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother
convulsantdisorders.
phenobarbital
Injection:200mg/ml(phenobarbitalsodium).
Tablet:15100mg(phenobarbital).
Oralliquid:15mg/5ml(phenobarbital)or5ml(phenobarbital
sodium).
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phenytoin
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Capsule:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
Oralliquid:25 30mg/5ml.*
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
valproicacid
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
ComplementaryList
ethosuximideCapsule:250mg.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES6.1 Anthelminth ics6 .1 .1 I n tes t i na l an the lm in t h i cs albendazole Tablet(chewable):400mg.
levamisole
Tablet:
50
mg;
150
mg
(as
hydrochloride).
mebendazole Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.
niclosamide*Tablet(chewable):500mg.
*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
praziquantel Tablet:150mg;600mg.
pyrantelTablet(chewable):250mg(asembonate).
Oralliquid:50mg(asembonate)/ml.
6.1 .2 Ant i f i la r ia ls
ivermectin Tablet(scored):3mg;6mg.
ComplementaryList
diethylcarbamazine Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
suraminsodium Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
6 .1 .3 An t i sch i s tosoma ls and an t i t r ema tode m ed icine
praziquantel Tablet:600mg.
triclabendazole Tablet:250mg.
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ComplementaryList
oxamniquine*
Capsule:250mg.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2 .1 Beta Lactam m ed ic ines
amoxicillinCapsuleortablet:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(anhydrous)/5ml.
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid Tablet:500mg+125mg.
ampicillin Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
benzathinebenzylpenicillin Powderforinjection:1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in
5mlvial.
benzylpenicillinPowderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)
(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
cefixime*
Capsule:400mg.
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano
genital
gonorrhoea.
cloxacillin
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillinPowderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
procainebenzylpenicillinPowderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
ComplementaryList
ceftazidime Powderforinjection:250mg(aspentahydrate)invial.
ceftriaxone Powderforinjection:250mg,1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium
salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased
infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
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6.2 .2 Other an t ibacte r ia ls
azithromycin*
Capsule:250mgor500mg.
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalC.trachomatis
andoftrachoma.
chloramphenicol
Capsule:250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin
2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
ciprofloxacin*Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Finalselectiondependsonindicationforuse.
doxycycline*Capsuleortablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
*Finalselectiondependsonindicationforuse.
erythromycin
Capsuleortablet:250mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).
Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).
gentamicin*Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
*Finalselectiondependsonindicationforuse.
metronidazole
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
Tablet:200500mg.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
nitrofurantoin Tablet:100mg.
spectinomycin Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Injection:80mg+16mg/mlin5mland10mlampoules.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
trimethoprim Tablet:100mg;200mg.
ComplementaryList
clindamycinInjection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
Capsule:150mg.
sulfadiazine Injection:250mg(sodiumsalt)in4mlampoule.
Tablet:500mg.
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vancomycin Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6 .2 .3 An t i l ep rosy m ed icines
Medicinesusedinthetreatmentofleprosyshouldneverbeusedexceptincombination.Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs)containingstandardtwomedicine(paucibacillaryleprosy)orthreemedicine(multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied
freeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine Capsule:50mg;100mg.
dapsone Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin Capsuleortablet:150mg;300mg.
6.2 .4 Ant i tubercu los is med ic ines
ethambutol Tablet:100400mg(hydrochloride).
isoniazidTablet:100300mg.
Tablet(scored):50mg.
isoniazid+ethambutol Tablet:150mg+400mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet:400mg.
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Tablet(scored):150mg.
rifampicin Capsuleortablet:150mg;300mg.
rifampicin+isoniazid
Tablet:
60mg+30mg;150mg+75mg;300mg+150mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
rifampicin+isoniazid+ethambutol Tablet: 150mg+75mg+275mg.
rifampicin+isoniazid+pyrazinamide
Tablet:
60mg+30mg+150mg;150mg+75mg+400mg.
150mg+150mg+500mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
rifampicin+isoniazid+pyrazinamide
+ethambutolTablet:150mg+75mg+400mg+275mg.
streptomycin Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbeused
inspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin Powderforinjection:1000mginvial.
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paminosalicylicacidGranules:4ginsachet.
Tablet:500mg.
capreomycin Powderforinjection:1000mginvial.
cycloserine Capsuleortablet:250mg.
ethionamide Tablet:125mg;250mg.
kanamycin Powderforinjection:1000mginvial.
ofloxacin*
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternative basedonavailabilityand
programmeconsiderations.
6.3 Antifungal medicinesclotrimazole
Vaginalcream:1%;10%.
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
fluconazole
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
Capsule:50mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
griseofulvin Capsuleortablet:125mg;250mg.
nystatin
Lozenge:100000IU.
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
flucytosineCapsule:250mg.
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
potassiumiodide Saturatedsolution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines6.4 .1 Ant iherpes med ic inesaciclovir
Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:200mg.
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6 .4 .2 An t i r e t r ov i r a l s Basedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals
areincludedasessentialmedicinesfortreatmentandpreventionofHIV(preventionofmothertochild
transmissionandpostexposureprophylaxis).TheCommitteeemphasizestheimportanceofusingthese
productsinaccordancewithglobalandnationalguidelines. TheCommitteerecommendsandendorses
theuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentofappropriatenewfixeddosecombinations,
includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigeratedproductsandpaediatricdosageformswithassured
pharmaceuticalquality.
6 .4 .2 .1 Nuc leos ide/ Nuc leo t i de reve rse t r anscr ip tase i nh ib i to r s abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.
didanosine(ddI)
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;
150mg;200mg.
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.
emtricitabine(FTC)*
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
*3TCisanacceptablealternativetoFTC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
lamivudine(3TC)Tablet:150mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
stavudine(d4T)
Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg;40mg.*
*TheCommitteeexpectsthisdosageformtobereviewedfor
possibledeletionatthenextmeeting.
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
tenofovirCapsule:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate equivalentto245
mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.
Capsule:100mg;250mg.
Tablet:300mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
6.4 .2 .2 Non-nuc leos ide reverse t ranscr ip t ase inh ib i t o rs
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)
Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.
Tablet:600mg.
Oralliquid:150mg/5ml.
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nevirapine(NVP)Tablet:200mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
6.4 .2 .3 Pro t ease inh ib i t o rs
Selectionof proteaseinhibitor(s)fromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafter
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended
foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.
ThissectionwillbereviewedbytheCommitteeasapriorityatitsnextmeeting.Itisexpectedthat
applicationforaheatstabletabletformulationcontaining200/50mglopinavir+ritonavirwillbesubmitted
forthenextmeeting.
indinavir(IDV) Capsule:200mg;333mg;400mg(assulfate).
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.
Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
nelfinavir(NFV)Oralpowder:50mg/g.
Tablet:250mg(asmesilate).
ritonavirOralsoliddosageform:100mg.
Oralliquid:400mg/5ml.
saquinavir(SQV) Capsule:200mg.
FI XED-DOSE COMBI NATI ONS
efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg.
*3TCisanacceptablealternativetoFTC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
emtricitabine*+tenofovir Tablet:200mg+300mg.
*3TCisanacceptablealternativetoFTC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
stavudine+lamivudine+nevirapine Tablet:30mg+150mg+200mg.
zidovudine+lamivudine Tablet:300mg+150mg.
zidovudine+lamivudine+
nevirapine
Tablet:300mg+150mg+200mg.
6 .4 .3 Othe r an t i v i r a l s
ribavirin
Injectionforintravenousadministration:1000mgand800mgin
10mlphosphatebuffersolution.
Oralsoliddosageforms:200mg;400mg;600mg.
6.5 Antipro tozoal medicines
6.5 .1 Ant iam oeb ic and an t ig ia rd ias is m ed ic ines
diloxanide Tablet:500mg(furoate).
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metronidazole
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Tablet:200500mg.
6.5 .2 Ant i le ishman ias is med ic ines
meglumineantimoniateInjection,30%,equivalenttoapproximately8.1%antimonyin
5mlampoule.
paromomycin Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mg/2ml(assulfate).
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
pentamidine Powderforinjection:200mg;300mg(isetionate)invial.
6 .5 .3 An t im a lar i a l m ed icines 6 .5 .3 .1 Fo r cu ra t i ve t r ea tm en t MedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination. Thelistcurrently
recommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines. TheCommitteerecognizesthatnotallof
theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting. TheCommitteealsoencourages
developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
amodiaquine*
Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).
*Tobeused(a)incombinationwithartesunate50mgOR
(b)maybeusedaloneforthetreatmentofP.vivax,P.ovaleand
P.malariae
infections.
artemetherOilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet:20mg+120mg.
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
childrenbelow5kg.
artesunate*
Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid
withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine
orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
chloroquineTablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
doxycycline*
Capsule:100mg(ashydrochloride).
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
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mefloquine*Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Tobeused incombinationwithartesunate50mg.
primaquine*
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate)
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
quinine*
Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe
usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*Tablet:500mg+25mg.
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5 .3 .2 For p roph y lax is
chloroquine*
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
doxycycline Capsuleortablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
mefloquine Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
proguanil*Tablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6 .5 .4 An t i - pneum ocystos i s and an t i t oxop lasm os is med ic ines
pyrimethamine Tablet:25mg.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprimInjection:80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
ComplementaryList
pentamidine Tablet:200mg;300mg.
6 .5 .5 An t i t r y panosom a l med ic ines 6 .5 .5 .1 A f r i can t r y panosom iasi s Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
pentamidine*
Powderforinjection:200mg(pentamidineisetionate)invial.
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypansomabruceigambiense
infection.
suraminsodium* Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
*Tobeusedexclusivelyforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypansomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
eflornithine Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
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melarsoprol Injection:3.6%solution,5mlampoules(180mgofactive
compound).
6 .5 .5 .2 Amer i can t r i panosomiasi s benznidazole Tablet:100mg.
nifurtimox Tablet:30mg;120mg;250mg.
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:300500mg.
paracetamol Tablet:300500mg.
7.2 For prophylaxis
propranolol Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED INPALLI ATIVE CARE
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList
azathioprinePowderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:50mg.
ciclosporin
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
Capsule:25mg.
8.2 Cytotoxic medicines
Thissectionisexpectedtobereviewedatthenextmeeting.
ComplementaryList
asparaginase Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
calciumfolinateInjection:3mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg.
chlorambucil Tablet:2mg.
cisplatin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mginvial.
cyclophosphamidePowderforinjection:500mginvial.
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dacarbazine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dactinomycin Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin Powderforinjection:50mg(ashydrochloride).
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doxorubicin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
etoposideInjection:20mg/mlin5mlampoule.
Capsule:100mg.
fluorouracil Injection:50mg/mlin5mlampoule.
mercaptopurine Tablet:50mg.
methotrexatePowderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
procarbazine Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
vinblastine Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
8.3 Hormones and antihormonesComplementaryList
dexamethasoneInjection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisolone*
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
*Thereisnoevidenceforcompleteclinicalsimilaritybetween
prednisoloneanddexamethasoneathighdoses.
tamoxifen Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care
TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliativeCare
Section. SomemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsoftheModel
List,accordingtotheirtherapeuticuse,e.g.analgesics. TheGuidelinesforPalliativeCarethatwere
referencedinthepreviouslistareinneedofupdate. TheCommitteeexpectsapplicationsformedicines
neededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.
9. ANTIP ARKINSONISM MEDICINESbiperiden
Injection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD10.1 Antianaemia medicinesferroussalt
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
Oralliquid:equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.
ferroussalt+folicacidTabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid
(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
folicacid Tablet:1mg;5mg.
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hydroxocobalamin Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulationheparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20,000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
phytomenadioneInjection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
warfarin Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND P LASMA SUBSTITUTES11.1 Plasma substitutesdextran70*
Injectablesolution:6%.
*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.
11.2 Plasma fractions for specific useAllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).(WHOTechnical
ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).
ComplementaryList
humannormalimmunoglobulin Intravenousadministration:5%,10%proteinsolution.
Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.
factorVIIIconcentrate Dried.
factorIXcomplex(coagulation
factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrateDried.
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES12.1 Antianginal medicinesatenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.
glyceryltrinitrate Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate Tablet(sublingual):5mg.
verapamil Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicinesThissubsectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.
atenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.
digoxin
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
epinephrine(adrenaline) Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in
10mlampoule.
lidocaine Injection:20mg(hydrochloride)/mlin5mlampoule.
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verapamilInjection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
procainamide Injection:100mg(hydrochloride)/mlin10mlampoule.
quinidine Tablet:200mg(sulfate).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine Tablet:5mg.
atenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.
enalapril Tablet:2.5mg.
hydralazine*
Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.
Tablet:25mg,50mg(hydrochloride).
*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere
pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof
essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.
methyldopa*
Tablet:250mg.
*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy
inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheavailabilityof
moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure
ThissubsectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.
digoxin
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
enalapril Tablet:2.5mg.
furosemideInjection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.
ComplementaryList
dopamine Injection:40mg(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
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12.5 Antithrombotic medicines
acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:100mg.
ComplementaryList
streptokinase Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents
simvastatin*Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)
13.1 Antifungal medicines
benzoicacid+salicylicacid Ointmentorcream:6%+3%.
miconazole Ointmentorcream:2%(nitrate).
sodiumthiosulfate Solution:15%.
ComplementaryList
seleniumsulfide Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines
methylrosaniliniumchloride
(gentianviolet)
Aqueoussolution:0.5%.
Tincture:0.5%.
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin Ointment:5mgneomycinsulfate+250IUbacitracinzinc/g.
potassiumpermanganate Aqueoussolution:1:10000.
silversulfadiazine Cream:1%,in500gcontainer.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
betamethasone Ointmentorcream:0.1%(asvalerate).
calaminelotion Lotion.
hydrocortisone Ointmentorcream:1%(acetate).
13.4 Astringent medicines
aluminiumdiacetate Solution:5%.
13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
benzoylperoxide Lotionorcream:5%.
coaltar Solution:5%.
dithranol Ointment:0.1%2%.
fluorouracil Ointment:5%.
podophyllum
resin
Solution:
10
25%.
salicylicacid Solution:5%.
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urea Ointmentorcream:10%.
13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides
benzylbenzoate Lotion:25%.
permethrinCream:5%.
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein Eyedrops:1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide Eyedrops:0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media
amidotrizoate Injection:140420mgiodine(assodiumormegluminesalt)/mlin
20mlampoule.
bariumsulfate Aqueoussuspension.
iohexol Injection:140350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20mlampoule.
ComplementaryList
meglumineiotroxate Solution:58giodinein100250ml.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTI SEPTI CS15.1 Antisepticschlorhexidine Solution:5%(digluconate)fordilution.
ethanol Solution:70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine Solution:10%.
15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol Solution:4.8%.
glutaral Solution:2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride Tablet:5mg(hydrochloride).
furosemideInjection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.
mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone Tablet:25mg.
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17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES
17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines
aluminiumhydroxideTablet:500mg.
Oralliquid:320mg/5ml.
ranitidine
Injection:25mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml.
magnesiumhydroxide Oralliquid:equivalentto550mgmagnesiumoxide/10ml.
17.2 Antiemetic medicines
metoclopramideInjection:5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:10mg(hydrochloride).
promethazine
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
Oralliquid:5mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines
sulfasalazine
Tablet:500mg.
Retentionenema.
Suppository:
500
mg.
ComplementaryList
hydrocortisone
Retentionenema.
Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretentionenema).
17.4 Laxatives
senna Tablet:7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).
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17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea
17 .5 .1 Ora l r ehyd ra t i on
oralrehydrationsalts*
glucose: 75mEq
sodium: 75mEqormmol/l
chloride: 65mEqormmol/l
potassium: 20mEqormmol/l
citrate: 10mmol/l
osmolarity: 245mOsm/l
glucose: 13.5g/l
sodiumchloride: 2.6g/l
potassiumchloride: 1.5g/l
trisodiumcitratedihydrate+: 2.9g/l
+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodium
hydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/l.However,asthe
stabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorundertropical
conditions,itisonlyrecommendedwhenmanufacturedfor
immediateuse.
*Incasesofcholeraahigherconcentrationofsodiummaybe
required.
17.5 .2 Med ic ines fo r d ia r rhoea in ch i ld ren
zincsulfate*
Tablet:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
Oralliquid:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
*
In
acute
diarrhoea
zinc
sulfate
should
be
used
as
an
adjunct
to
oralrehydrationsalts.
17 .5 .3 An t i d ia r rhoea l ( sym p tom a t i c ) m ed icines i n adu l t s
codeine*
Tablet:30mg(phosphate).
*Theroleofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinued
inclusiononthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingofthe
ExpertCommittee.
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES
18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
Addisonsdiseaseisararecondition;adrenalhormonesarealreadyincludedinsection3.
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone Injection:200mg(enantate)in1mlampoule.
18.3 Contraceptives
18 .3 .1 Ora l ho rm ona l con t racep t i ves
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone Tablet:35micrograms+1.0mg.
levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.
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18 .3 .2 I n jec tab le ho rmona l con t racep t i ves
medroxyprogesteroneacetate Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate+
estradiolcypionateInjection:25mg+5mg.
norethisteroneenantate Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.
18 .3 .3 I n t r au te r i ne dev i ces
coppercontainingdevice
18 .3 .4 Ba r r i e r m e thods
condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
levonorgestrelreleasingimplantTworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining
75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
18.4 Estrogens
ethinylestradiol*
Tablet:10micrograms;50micrograms.
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents
glibenclamide Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
insulininjection(soluble) Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulinInjection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial
(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).
18.6 Ovulation inducers
ComplementaryList
clomifene Tablet:50mg(citrate).
18.7 Progestogens
norethisterone*
Tablet:5mg.
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
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ComplementaryList
medroxyprogesteroneacetate*
Tablet:5mg.
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safety
of
this
item
has
been
questioned
and
its
continued
inclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines levothyroxine Tablet:50micrograms;100micrograms(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,
1987,Annex1).
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative
(PPD)Injection.
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,
Annex2).
antiDimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:250microgramsinsingledosevial.
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*Injection.
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.
rabiesimmunoglobulin Injection:150IU/mlinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsiderationof
internationalrecommendations,epidemiologyandnationalpriorities.Thelistbelowdetailsthevaccines
forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization
(SAGE)(http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html)and/oraWHOposition
paper(http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html).Thissitewillbe
updatedasnewpositionpapersarepublishedandcontainsthemostrecentinformationand
recommendations.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html -
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diphtheriavaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
mumpsvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfevervaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY -ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASEINHIBITORS
alcuronium Injection:5mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule
neostigmine
Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
suxamethoniumInjection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
ComplementaryList
pyridostigmineInjection:1mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
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21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSThissectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.
21.1 Anti-infective agentsaciclovir Ointment:3%W/W.
gentamicin*Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
*Finalselectiondependsonindicationforuse.
tetracycline Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents
prednisolone Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics
tetracaine Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
acetazolamide Tablet:250mg.
pilocarpine Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).
timolol Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(asmaleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
atropine Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%,1%(sulfate).
ComplementaryList
epinephrine(adrenaline) Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS
22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
oxytocin Injection:10IUin1mlampoule.
ComplementaryList
misoprostol
Vaginal
tablet:
25
micrograms.
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedunder
nationallawandwhere
culturallyacceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
nifedipine Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.
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23. PERITONEAL DIALY SIS SOLUTION
ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution(of
appropriate
composition)
Parenteralsolution.
24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES
24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
chlorpromazine
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
fluphenazine Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.
haloperidolInjection:5mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;5mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders
24.2 .1 Med ic ines used in depress ive d isorders
amitriptyline Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
fluoxetine Capsuleortablet:20mg(presentashydrochloride).
24.2 .2 Med ic ines used in b ipo la r d isorders
carbamazepine Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
lithiumcarbonate Capsuleortablet:300mg.
valproicacid Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety and sleep disorders
diazepam Tablet(scored):2mg;5mg.
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compu lsive disorders and panic attacks
clomipramine Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
24.5 Medicines used in substance dependence programmes
ComplementaryList
methadone*
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml.
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines
shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPI RATORY TRACT
25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone Inhalation(aerosol):50microgramsperdose(dipropionate);250micrograms(dipropionate)perdose.
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epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
ipratropiumbromide Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
salbutamol
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;4mg(assulfate).
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.
25.2 Other medicines acting on the respiratory tract
caffeinecitrateInjection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASEDISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucose Injectablesolution:5%;10%isotonic;50%hypertonic.
glucosewithsodiumchlorideInjectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/l,Cl 30mmol/l).
potassiumchlorideSolution:11.2%in20mlampoule
(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl1.5mmol/ml).
sodiumchlorideInjectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/l,
Cl 154mmol/l.
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/l,
HCO3 167mmol/l).
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/l,
HCO3
1000
mmol/l).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection 2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
27. VITAMI NS AND MINERALS
ascorbicacid Tablet:50mg.
ergocalciferolCapsuleortablet:1.25mg(50000IU).
Oral
liquid:
250
micrograms/ml
(10
000
IU/ml).
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iodine
Capsule:200mg.
Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser
bottle.
nicotinamide Tablet:50mg.
pyridoxine Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
retinol
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2mlampoule.
Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
riboflavin Tablet:5mg.
sodiumfluoride Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine Tablet:50mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
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Index
abacavir(ABC) ........................................................ 10
acetazolamide......................... ................................. 25
acetylcysteine ............................................................ 4
acetylsalicylicacid ........................................ 2,14,18
aciclovir .......................................................... ...... 9,25
albendazole.......... ...................................................... 5
alcuronium........................................... .................... 24
allopurinol ................................................................ . 3
aluminiumdiacetate..................................... .......... 18
aluminiumhydroxide ............................................ 20
amidotrizoate ....................................................... ... 19
amikacin.................................................... ................... 8
amiloride ....................................................... ........... 19
amitriptyline ............................................................ 26
amlodipine............................................................... 17
amodiaquine................... ......................................... 12
amoxicillin .................................................... ............. 6
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 6
amphotericinB................................................. ...... 9,12
ampicillin ........................................................... ........ 6
antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 23
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 23
antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 23
artemether................. ............................................... 12
artemether+lumefantrine..................................... 12
artesunate..................................... ............................ 12
ascorbicacid ................................................. ........... 27
asparaginase........................................................ ....... 14
atenolol............................................................... 16,17
atropine ............................................................ 2,4,25
azathioprine ........................................................ ... 3,14
azithromycin.................................... .......................... 7
bacitracin............................................................... ... 18
bariumsulfate ............................................... .......... 19
BCGvaccine......................................... .................... 23
beclometasone ......................................................... 26
benzathine benzylpenicillin .................................... 6
benznidazole............................................................ 14
benzoicacid ............................................................. 18
benzoicacid+salicylicacid................................... 18
benzoylperoxide..................................................... 18
benzylbenzoate....................................................... 19
benzylpenicillin......................................................... 6
betamethasone......................................................... 18
biperiden....................................................... ........... 15
bleomycin.................................................. ................. 14
bupivacaine............................................................... . 2
caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 27
calaminelotion ........................................................ 18
calciumfolinate................................................ .......... 14
calciumgluconate ............................................... 4,28
capreomycin .................................................... ............. 9
carbamazepine................................................... .. 4,26
carbidopa..................................................... ............. 15
cefazolin................................................................ ...... 6
cefixime..................................................................... .. 6
ceftazidime ...................................................... ............. 6
ceftriaxone....................................................... ............. 6
charcoal,activated..................................................... 4
chlorambucil.................................................... ........... 14
chloramphenicol................................................ ........ 7
chlorhexidine ........................................................... 19
chlorinebasecompound ........................................ 19
chloroquine .................................................... 3,12,13
chloroxylenol ........................................................... 19
chlorphenamine......................................................... 3
chlorpromazine ....................................................... 26
choleravaccine ........................................................ 23
ciclosporin....................................................... ........... 14
cilastatin ......................................................... ............. 6
ciprofloxacin ............................................................. . 7
cisplatin........................................................... ........... 14
clavulanicacid ......................................................... .. 6
clindamycin .................................................... ............. 7
clofazimine.................................................................8
clomifene ......................................................... ........... 22
clomipramine................................. .......................... 26
clotrimazole ........................................................... .... 9
cloxacillin .................................................... ............... 6
coaltar ......................................................... ............. 18
codeine........................................................ .......... 3,21
condoms ................................................................ ... 22
coppercontainingdevice.......................................22
cyclophosphamide ......................................................14
cycloserine....................................................... ............. 9
cytarabine........................................................ ........... 14
dacarbazine ..................................................... ........... 14
dactinomycin................................................... ........... 14
dapsone ....................................................... ............... 8
daunorubicin................................................... ........... 14
deferoxamine ............................................................. 4
dexamethasone............. ....................................... 3,15
dextran70.................................................................16
diaphragms .............................................................. 22
diazepam.................................................... ...... 2,4,26
didanosine(ddI)......................................................10
diethylcarbamazine ......................................................5
digoxin........ ........................................................ 16,17
diloxanide................................................................. 11
dimercaprol................................................. ............... 4
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diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 23
diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 24
dithranol.................................... ............................... 18
DLmethionine .......................................................... 4
dopamine................................................... ................. 17
doxorubicin......................................................... ....... 15
doxycycline.................................................... 7,12,13
efavirenz............................................. ................ 10,11
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 10
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 11
eflornithine .............................................................. 13
emtricitabine.... .................................................. 10,11
emtricitabine(FTC)........ ......................................... 10
emtricitabine+tenofovir............................. ........... 11
enalapril ........................................................ ........... 17
ephedrine................................................... ................... 2
epinephrine(adrenaline) ................... 2,3,16,25,27
ergocalciferol ........................................................... 27
ergometrine.............................................................. 25
erythromycin ............................................................. 7
estradiolcypionate.................................................. 22
ethambutol.... ............................................................. 8
ethanol........................................................... ........... 19
ethinylestradiol ................................................. 21,22
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 21
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone.......................... 21
ethionamide......................................................... ......... 9
ethosuximide....................................................... ......... 5
etoposide ................................................... ................. 15
factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,II,VII,IX,X)
concentrate..................................................... ....... 16
factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 16
ferroussalt ............................................................... 15
ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 15
fluconazole.................................... ............................. 9
flucytosine........................................................... ......... 9
fluorescein................................... ............................. 19
fluorouracil ......................................................... . 15,18
fluoxetine ......................................................... ........ 26
fluphenazine...................................................... ...... 26
folicacid ............................................... .................... 15
furosemide......................................................... 17,19
gentamicin ........................................................... 7,25
gentianviolet........................................................... 18
glibenclamide .......................................................... 22
glucose............................................................ 2,21,27
glutaral ................................................................ ..... 19
glyceryltrinitrate .................................................... 16
griseofulvin............ .................................................... 9
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine .................. 24
haloperidol..................................................... .......... 26
halothane............................................... ..................... 2
heparinsodium .................................................... ... 16
hepatitisAvaccine..................................................24
hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 24
humannormalimmunoglobulin................................16
hydralazine ............................................................ .. 17
hydrochlorothiazide ......................................... 17,19
hydrocortisone......................................... 3,15,18,20
hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 16
ibuprofen....................................................................2
imipenem......................................................... ............. 6
imipenem+cilastatin...................................................6
immunoglobulin ..................................................... 23
indinavir(IDV)........................................................11
influenzavaccine................................................. .... 24
insulin.......................................................................22
insulininjection(soluble).......................................22
intermediateactinginsulin....................................22
intraperitonealdialysissolution(ofappropriate
composition)..................................................... ..... 26
iodine .............................................................. .... 19,28
iohexol ....................................................... ............... 19
ipratropiumbromide..............................................27
isoniazid ....................................................... .............. 8
isoniazid+ethambutol ............................................. 8
isosorbidedinitrate.................................................16
ivermectin ............................................................. ..... 5
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................24
kanamycin....................................................... ............. 9
ketamine ..................................................................... 2
lamivudine ...................................................... ... 10,11
lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 10
levamisole ................................................................ .. 5
levodopa.................... ............................................... 15
levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 15
levonorgestrel.................................................... 21,22
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant..........................22
levothyroxine....... .................................................... 23
lidocaine ........................................................ ....... 2,16
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)......................2
lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 26
lopinavir ........................................................ ........... 11
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r).................................. 11
lumefantrine ............................................................ 12
magnesiumhydroxide ........................................... 20
magnesiumsulfate....................................................4
mannitol ............................................................ ....... 19
measlesvaccine ..................................................... .. 24
mebendazole..................... ......................................... 5
medroxyprogesteroneacetate .........................22,23
medroxyprogesteroneacetate+estradiol
cypionate ............................................................ . 22
mefloquine ............................................................... 13
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meglumineantimoniate......................................... 12
meglumineiotroxate ................................................. . 19
melarsoprol................. ............................................. 14
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine ....................... 24
mercaptopurine................................................ .......... 15
metformin ................................................................ 22
methadone........................................................... ....... 26
methotrexate ................................................... ....... 3,15
methyldopa......................................... ..................... 17
methyleneblue.......................................................... 4
methylrosaniliniumchloride(gentianviolet) ..... 18
methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 4
metoclopramide ...................................................... 20
metronidazole ..................................................... 7,12
miconazole............................................................... 18
mifepristone ........................................................ ....... 25
misoprostol ......................................................... ....... 25
morphine...................... .......................................... 2,3
mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 24
naloxone ............................................................... ...... 4
nelfinavir(NFV)...................................................... 11
neomycinsulfate ..................................................... 18
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin................................ 18
neostigmine ........................................................... .. 24
nevirapine ........................................................ ........ 11
nevirapine(NVP).................................................... 11
niclosamide........... ..................................................... 5
nicotinamide............................................................ 28
nifedipine ......................................................... ........ 25
nifurtimox ................................................................ 14
nitrofurantoin ........................................................... . 7
nitrousoxide................................ .............................. 2
norethisterone ................................................... 21,22
norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 22
nystatin............................................................ ........... 9
ofloxacin.................................................... ................... 9
oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 21,27
oxamniquine ....................................................... ......... 6
oxygen .............................................................. .......... 2
oxytocin........................................................ ............ 25
paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9
paracetamol ......................................................... 3,14
paromomycin .......................................................... 12
penicillamine....................................................... ..... 3,4
pentamidine ......................................................... 12,13
permethrin .............................................................. . 19
pertussisvaccine ..................................................... 24
phenobarbital ........................................................... . 4
phenoxymethylpenicillin............ ............................. 6
phenytoin ................................................................... 5
phytomenadione..................................................... 16
pilocarpine ............................................................... 25
pneumococcalvaccine............................................24
podophyllumresin .................................................18
poliomyelitisvaccine .............................................. 24
polyvidoneiodine ................................................... 19
potassiumchloride............................................ 21,27
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II) 2H20
(Prussianblue) ...................................................... 4
potassiumiodide ................................................... . 9,23
potassiumpermanganate.......................................18
praziquantel...............................................................5
prednisolone .................................................. 3,15,25
primaquine....................................... ........................ 13
procainamide................................................... ........... 17
procainebenzylpenicillin.........................................6
procarbazine.................................................... ........... 15
proguanil..................................................................13
promethazine................. ...................................... 2,20
propranolol ........................................................... ... 14
propylthiouracil ...................................................... 23
protaminesulfate .................................................... 16
Prussian blue .......................................................... ... 4
pyrantel ..................................................................... . 5
pyrazinamide.................................... ......................... 8
pyridostigmine .......................................................... . 24
pyridoxine................................................................28
pyrimethamine .................................................. 12,13
quinidine ......................................................... ........... 17
quinine......................................................................13
rabiesimmunoglobulin..........................................23
rabiesvaccine.............................................. ............. 24
ranitidine..................................................................20
retinol......................... ............................................... 28
ribavirin......................................................... ........... 11
riboflavin..................................................................28
rifampicin...................................................................8
rifampicin+isoniazid...............................................8
rifampicin+isoniazid+ethambutol.......................8
rifampicin+isoniazid+pyrazinamide ..................8
rifampicin+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
ethambutol ............................................................ 8
ritonavir....................................................................11
rotavirusvaccine ................................................... .. 24
rubellavaccine............... .......................................... 24
salbutamol................ ................................................ 27
salicylicacid.............................................................18
saquinavir(SQV).....................................................11
seleniumsulfide .................................................... ..... 18
senna.........................................................................20
silversulfadiazine ................................................... 18
simvastatin...............................................................18
sodiumcalciumedetate............................................ 4
sodiumchloride ................................................ 21,27
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sodiumfluoride....................................................... 28
sodiumhydrogencarbonate ........................... 21,27
sodiumlactate ......................................................... 27
sodiumnitrite ............................................................ 4
sodiumnitroprusside................................................. 17
sodiumthiosulfate.............................................. 4,18
sodiumvalproate ................................................ 5,26
spectinomycin ........................................................... 7
spironolactone ......................................................... 19
stavudine................................................... ......... 10,11
stavudine(d4T)....................................................... 10
stavudine+lamivudine+nevirapine................... 11
streptokinase ....................................................... ....... 18
streptomycin........... ................................................... 8
sulfadiazine......................................................... ......... 7
sulfadoxine ....................................................... . 12,13
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine ............................... 13
sulfamethoxazole ................................................ 7,13
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim .................... 7,13
sulfasalazine........................................................ ... 3,20
suraminsodium............................................... ...... 5,13
suxamethonium ...................................................... 24
tamoxifen .................................................. ................. 15
tenofovir............................................................. 10,11
testosterone ......................................................... ....... 21
tetanusvaccine ........................................................ 24
tetracaine ................................................................ .. 25
tetracycline...............................................................25
thiamine................................ .................................... 28
thiopental ............................................................ ....... 2
timolol.................................. ..................................... 25
triclabendazole .......................................................... 5
trimethoprim ............................................................. 7
tropicamide..............................................................19
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD).....23
typhoidvaccine ....................................................... 24
urea ...................................................... ..................... 19
valproicacid........................................................ . 5,26
vancomycin..................................................... ............. 8
varicellavaccine ...................................................... 24
vecuronium..................................................... ........... 24
verapamil ........................................................... 16,17
vinblastine........................................................ .......... 15
vincristine ....................................................... ........... 15
warfarin....................................................................16
waterforinjection ................................................... 27
yellowfevervaccine ...............................................24
zidovudine ........................................................ . 10,11
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT).....................................10
zidovudine+lamivudine....................................... 11
zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine................11
zincsulfate ................................................... ............ 21