essential standard clarifying objective 9.pch.1.4) … · 2019. 10. 15. ·...

9.PCH.1.4, page 1

Essential Standard Clarifying Objective 9.PCH.1.4

Analyze wellness, disease prevention, and recognition of symptoms.

9.PCH.1.4 Design strategies for reducing risks for

chronic diseases.

Materials Needed: PowerPoint – Three Leading Causes of Death Appendix 1 – Top 10 Leading Causes of Death, Teacher Information Appendix 2 – Three Leading and Actual Causes of Death, cut into strips Computer Access for Teacher Input Step: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview/index.htm#1 Appendix 3a, b – copies of Chronic Diseases – Guided Note-‐Taking Appendix 4a, b – Teacher Notes on Chronic Diseases Appendix 5a, b, c – Health Determinants Signs Index cards Appendix 6a, b, c – list of health problems for health determinants Computer Access for Independent Practice Options:

Option 1 www.voki.com Option 2 http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/goals_tips.html?tracking=T_RelatedArticle#cat20595 And http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/make_change.html#cat20619.

Appendix 7 – copies of chart for students to reduce factors contributing to chronic diseases. Focus: Before the lesson, read Appendix 1, Top 10 Leading Causes of Death, for background information. Display PowerPoint slide: Leading Causes of Death. Students are to study causes and comment on noticeable trends. Examples include the overwhelming fact that Lifestyle with little exception will have the greatest impact on one’s health. Heredity is second and sometimes disease and other health problems are out of one’s hands. Review: Distribute slips of paper with each of the Leading and Actual Causes of Death on them (Appendix 2). Ask students to recall Leading Causes of Death. When a student correctly identifies a leading cause of death ask the student with that slip of paper with that Leading Cause of Death listed on it to stand in front of the class. Student will then name the Actual Causes of Death related to that specific Leading Cause of Death. As s/he lists the actual causes of death, students with the corresponding Actual Causes of Death will join him/her at the front of the room. For Example: The student comes to the front of the class with the Leading Cause of Death, Cardiovascular Disease. Once in front of the class the student correctly says Tobacco as an

NC School Health Training Center NC Association for the Advancement of Health Education

9.PCH.1.4, page 2

actual cause of death and a student holding the slip of paper with Tobacco comes to the front of the class. The student holding Cardiovascular Disease continues calling the Actual Causes of Death Lack of Physical Activity, and Poor Nutrition. There will be four students at the front of the room for this example. Continue this until all three students holding slips of paper containing the leading causes of death have come to the front of the room and called all the nine students holding the actual causes of death to the front. Statement of Objectives: Today we will analyze behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to chronic diseases. By the end of the lesson you should be able to identify these factors and be able to make the appropriate decision to avoid unhealthy choices. You will be able to identify the personal choices that impact your likelihood to develop a chronic disease. You will be able to manage your own behavior to reduce risks for chronic diseases. Teacher Input: Go to: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview/index.htm#1 for additional information about chronic disease prevention and health promotion. It is important to remember that the majority of chronic illnesses, which can lead to death, are caused by participation in relatively few health risk behaviors. Recent evidence suggests that as few as four modifiable risk behaviors (lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption) account for much of the illness, suffering cost, and early death related to chronic diseases. Lifestyle has the greatest impact on one’s health. The decisions that a person makes, from the clothes that they wear, their physical activity, the foods they eat and how they manage stress, all make up lifestyle. Many of the lifestyle choices that a person can make will have substantial impact on the likelihood of that person developing a chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Reducing the risks for these leading causes of death is done by improving or eliminating the risk factors that cause them. When students understand the behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to chronic disease, they can use this information to reduce their chances of developing a chronic disease. Provide students with copies of Chronic Diseases – Guided Note-‐Taking (Appendix 3a, b). Explain to students they are to fill in the boxes with the appropriate information as the teacher discusses it in class. The teacher’s notes are located on Appendix 4a, b. Guided Practice: Health Determinants: Place three signs on different walls of the classroom: HEREDITY, ENVIRONMENT, and INDIVIDUAL CHOICE/BEHAVIOR (Appendix 5a, b, c). Give each student an index card on which a health problem is identified (Appendix 6a, b, c). Students are asked to decide which health


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determinant has the most influence on the assigned health problem and to tape their index cards below the appropriate signs. Students are asked individually WHY they think their problem is associated with that determinant. Through group process, have the class help the students who are undecided about where to place their health problem. [Notes: Have a different health problem for each student. (See some possible choices below.) Keep in mind that some of the health problems may fit more than one category (such as diabetes, which can develop as a combination of heredity and individual decision-‐making) and have students decide which determinant is MOST influential.] It should be possible to conclude that individual choice is the most influential determinant for most modern health problems. Some examples of health problems: use of smokeless tobacco, hemophilia, excessive salt in diet, riding with a drunk driver, child abuse, mononucleosis, IV drug use, brown lung, STDs, second hand smoke, gang fights, skin cancer, date rape, Lyme disease, diabetes, depression, lack of sleep, cocaine addiction, obesity, unintended pregnancy, boating without a PFD, not wearing a seat belt, lead poisoning (in water pipes), sickle cell anemia, playing Russian roulette, asbestos exposure at work, heart disease, AIDS, lack of strength and flexibility, common cold, lack of health insurance. Process with students what conclusions they would draw about modern health problems after this activity:

o Many modern health problems are influenced by more than one factor.

o Most modern health problems are caused (at least in part) by individual decision-‐

making.

Independent practice: Option 1 For homework use the website “voki.com” to develop a PSA to prevent deaths from heart disease, cancer, or stroke. Share the PSA’s with the class and have students choose 5 PSA’s to air on in-‐house or during morning announcements if possible. Option 2 Read Five Facts About Goal Setting @ http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/goals_tips.html?tracking=T_RelatedArticle#cat20595. Discuss practical tips on goal setting with students. Have students go to: http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/make_change.html#cat20619. Use the goal


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setting model to design a personal plan for decreasing the risk of developing a chronic illness based on one’s own family medical history. Option 3: Have each student take home a copy of Appendix 7. Each student must fill out a two-‐day log on how they have avoided factors that contribute to chronic diseases. For Example: In the box under day one for skin cancer a student can put that they applied sunscreen when they went outside. This would be a behavioral skill the student applied to avoid skin cancer. Closure: Today we analyzed behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to chronic diseases. We also discussed actual and leading causes of death. You should be able to use this information to reduce your chances of developing a chronic disease.

9.PCH.1.4, Appendix 1

Deaths/Mortality

(Data are for U.S. for year 2010)

Number of deaths: 2,437,163

Death rate: 793.8 deaths per 100,000 populatio

Life expectancy: 78.5 years

Infant Mortality rate: 6.39 deaths per 1,000 live births

Number of deaths for leading causes of death:

Heart disease: 599,413

Cancer: 567,628

Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 128,842

Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 137,353

Accidents (unintentional injuries): 118,021

Diabetes: 73,138

Alzheimer's disease: 68,705

Influenza/Pneumonia: 53,692

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 48,935

Intentional self-harm (suicide):36,909

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Leading and Actual Causes of Death

Cardiovascular Disease

Tobacco Lack of Physical Activity

Poor Nutrition

Cancer

Tobacco Lack of Physical Activity

Poor Nutrition

Stroke Tobacco Lack of Physical Activity

Poor Nutrition

9.PCH.1.4, Appendix 3a

Guided Note Taking: Chronic Diseases

Cardiovascular Disease What is Cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

What are the two types of CVD?

What is Hypertension?

What is Atherosclerosis?

Behavioral Factors?

Environmental Factors?

Cancer What is cancer?

What is a tumor?

What is Skin cancer?

What is Lung cancer?

Behavioral Factors?


9.PCH.1.4, Appendix 3b

Osteoporosis What is osteoporosis?

What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis?

Behavioral Factors?


Bronchitis

What is bronchitis?

How is it treated?

Behavioral Factors?


Emphysema What is Emphysema?

What are its symptoms?

Behavioral Factors?



Answers - Guided Note Taking: Chronic Diseases Cardiovascular Disease

What is Cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Cardiovascular disease is a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.

What are the two types of CVD? Hypertension, atherosclerosis

What is Hypertension? Hypertension is high blood pressure Hypertension can damage blood vessels and heart over a long period of time. Often has early symptoms and for that reason is called the silent killer. It is most common in people over the age of 35. To prevent Hypertension you need to eat healthfully, exercise regularly, and manage your weight.

What is Atherosclerosis? A disease where there is an accumulation of plaque on artery walls. This is typically caused by unhealthy food choices that are high in saturated fats and cholesterol. If the plaque builds up enough it will harden the walls of the artery which is known as arteriosclerosis. Arthrosclerosis can also lead to stroke and heart attacks.

Behavioral Factors? Smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol abuse, obesity poor stress management

Environmental Factors? Stressful workplace

Cancer

What is cancer? Cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

What is a tumor? A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. Many people associate tumors as being cancer, but that is not always the case. There are actually two types of tumors; benign and malignant. Benign is non-cancerous and grows slowly without spreading. A malignant tumor is cancerous and spreads to other organs and parts of the body.

What is Skin cancer? Skin cancer is also known as a carcinoma. The symptoms can include changes on the skin, a mole or freckle that changes or a sore that wont heal. Skin cancer can be detected by a physical exam and removed by a biopsy.

What is Lung cancer? Lung cancer is also classified as a carcinoma. There are typically no immediate symptoms, but later there is a severe cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, and hoarseness. The way to detect is to get a chest X-ray.

Behavioral Factors? Exposure to sun or radiation, failure to use sunscreen/clothing/shade, use of tanning beds Environmental Factors? Depletion of ozone layer, lack of shade, time of day, occupation

Behavioral Factors? Smoking, general air pollution Environmental Factors? Exposure to radon, asbestos


Osteoporosis What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue.

How can it be prevented/detected? Bone tissue loss is a natural part of aging, but healthful behaviors during teen years can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. It can be detected by a bone scan (an x-ray that measures bone density).

Behavioral Factors? Lack of physical activity (especially weight training and weight bearing physical activity), lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet

Environmental Factors? None identified

Bronchitis

What is Bronchitis? Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution. Bronchitis also causes the bronchi to produce excess amounts of mucus, which block the airways causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

How is it treated? The treatments include antibiotics and reducing the exposure.

Behavioral Factors? Smoking, choice of occupation

Environmental Factors? General air pollution, asbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke

Emphysema

What is Emphysema? Emphysema is a disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli. Emphysema is almost always caused by cigarette smoke.

What are its symptoms? Some symptoms include breathing difficulty and chronic cough.

Behavioral Factors? Smoking, choice of occupation,

Environmental Factors? General pollution, asbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke


Environment


Heredity

9.PCH.1.4, Appendix 5c

Individual Choice

(Behavior)


Use of Smokeless Tobacco

Hemophilia

Excess Salt in Diet

Riding with Drunk

Driver

Child Abuse

Mononucleosis

Injection Drug Use

Brown Lung

Secondhand Smoke

Gang Violence

Skin Cancer Date Rape


Lyme Disease Diabetes I Diabetes II

Lack of Sleep

Cocaine Addiction AIDS

Unintended Pregnancy

Boating without a

PFD

Not Wearing a Seatbelt

Obesity Sickle Cell Anemia Depression

9.PCH.1.4, Appendix 6c

Lead Poisoning

Common Cold

Asbestos Exposure at

Work

Heart Disease

Sexually Transmitted

Diseases

Lack of Strength and Flexibility

Playing Russian Roulette

Lack of Health

Insurance MRSA


Chronic Disease Prevention Name Instructions: You are to keep a two-day diary on how you are avoiding factors that contribute to chronic diseases. Write a couple of

sentences for each disease under Day 1 and Day 2.

Disease Day 1 Day 2

Hypertension

Atherosclerosis

Skin Cancer Lung Cancer Osteoporosis

Bronchitis Emphysema

essential standard clarifying objective 9.pch.1.4) … · 2019. 10. 15. ·...

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