essential question what were the primary causes of the civil war? what were the primary causes of...
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Essential QuestionEssential Question
What were the What were the primary causes of primary causes of
the Civil War?the Civil War?
Slavery and Slavery and Western Western
ExpansionExpansion
The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise 1819 – Missouri 1819 – Missouri
applied for applied for statehoodstatehood
11 slave states11 slave states
11 free states11 free states
Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Missouri requested Missouri requested
to enter as a slave to enter as a slave statestate
How to maintain How to maintain the balance in the balance in Congress between Congress between slave and free?slave and free?
Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Proposed by Proposed by
Henry Clay (KY)Henry Clay (KY)
Maine admitted Maine admitted as a free stateas a free state
Missouri admitted Missouri admitted as a slave stateas a slave state
Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise
No slavery in the No slavery in the Louisiana Louisiana Purchase Purchase territory north of territory north of Latitude 36/30 Latitude 36/30 (Missouri’s (Missouri’s southern border)southern border)
Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise
Quote, Thomas JeffersonQuote, Thomas Jefferson
““This momentous question, like a This momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell [funeral bell] of at once as the knell [funeral bell] of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence.”only, not a final sentence.”
Results of the Mexican WarResults of the Mexican War
Increased tension Increased tension between the North between the North and the Southand the South
Should slavery Should slavery spread westward spread westward to the new to the new territories?territories?
Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso
David Wilmot David Wilmot (Democrat from PA)(Democrat from PA)
Proposed no slavery Proposed no slavery in any territory in any territory gained from Mexicogained from Mexico
Angered SouthernersAngered Southerners
Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
Proposed by Proposed by Lewis CassLewis Cass
Citizens of new Citizens of new territories would territories would vote on the vote on the slavery issueslavery issue
CaliforniaCalifornia
After the gold After the gold rush increases its rush increases its population, population, California applied California applied to become a stateto become a state
The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850
Reading the text on page 323 of your Reading the text on page 323 of your textbook, describe the six major textbook, describe the six major resolutions of Clay’s compromise, resolutions of Clay’s compromise, then indicate whether the North or then indicate whether the North or the South would most benefit from the South would most benefit from each.each.
Use the chart on your worksheet.Use the chart on your worksheet.
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
1.1. CA admitted as a free stateCA admitted as a free state
2.2. Popular sovereignty in NM and UTPopular sovereignty in NM and UT
3.3. Resolve TX border dispute with NMResolve TX border dispute with NM
4.4. Pay TX $10 millionPay TX $10 million
5.5. Abolish slave trade in DCAbolish slave trade in DC
6.6. New Fugitive Slave ActNew Fugitive Slave Act
Fugitive Slave Fugitive Slave ActAct
Southern Southern slaveowners slaveowners traveled north traveled north to track down to track down escaped slavesescaped slaves
Northerners did Northerners did not want to not want to assist assist southerners in southerners in recapturing recapturing slavesslaves
Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience”Disobedience”
““Unjust laws exist. Shall we be Unjust laws exist. Shall we be content to obey them, or shall we content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?”shall we transgress them at once?”
Mounting Mounting ViolenceViolence
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Desire to open Desire to open
northern Plains northern Plains to settlementto settlement
Led by Stephen Led by Stephen Douglas (IL)Douglas (IL)
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act
Repealed the Repealed the Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise
Divided territory into Divided territory into two states: Kansas two states: Kansas and Nebraskaand Nebraska
Allow popular Allow popular sovereignty to sovereignty to determine the issue determine the issue of slaveryof slavery
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act
Passed in May Passed in May 18541854
Northerners Northerners hurried to Kansas hurried to Kansas to make an anti-to make an anti-slave majorityslave majority
Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas
Slave supporters Slave supporters from Missouri from Missouri attacked Kansas attacked Kansas residents, voted residents, voted illegallyillegally
Became a Became a territorial civil territorial civil warwar
Lawrence, KansasLawrence, Kansas
Caning of Charles SumnerCaning of Charles Sumner
May 1856 – Charles May 1856 – Charles Sumner (MA) Sumner (MA) accused slave accused slave supporters in the supporters in the Senate of corruption Senate of corruption in Kansasin Kansas
Preston Brooks Preston Brooks (southern (southern Congressman) Congressman) caned Sumnercaned Sumner
Caning of Charles SumnerCaning of Charles Sumner
Southerners considered Brooks a Southerners considered Brooks a hero – gave him canes inscribed with hero – gave him canes inscribed with “Hit Him Again”“Hit Him Again”
Northerners strengthened Northerners strengthened determination to resist slaverydetermination to resist slavery
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision Attempt by the Attempt by the
Supreme Court to Supreme Court to settle the decision settle the decision about slavery in about slavery in the western the western territoriesterritories
Southern majority Southern majority of judgesof judges
Dred ScottDred Scott Slave who Slave who
traveled with traveled with owner from owner from Missouri to free Missouri to free territory for many territory for many yearsyears
Sued for freedom Sued for freedom after his master’s after his master’s deathdeath
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision
Supreme Court Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Justice Roger B. TaneyTaney
Ruled against Ruled against Dred Scott by Dred Scott by claiming African claiming African Americans were Americans were not citizensnot citizens
Quote, Roger B. TaneyQuote, Roger B. Taney““It is the opinion of the Court that the It is the opinion of the Court that the
act of Congress which prohibited a act of Congress which prohibited a citizen from holding and owning citizen from holding and owning [enslaved persons] in the territory of [enslaved persons] in the territory of the United States north of the line the United States north of the line therein mentioned is not warranted therein mentioned is not warranted by the Constitution and is therefore by the Constitution and is therefore void.”void.”
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision
Stated the Stated the federal federal government government could not deny could not deny slavery in any slavery in any territories of the territories of the United StatesUnited States
John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid AbolitionistAbolitionist
Attempted to seize Attempted to seize the federal arsenal of the federal arsenal of weapons at Harpers weapons at Harpers Ferry, VAFerry, VA
Wanted to lead an Wanted to lead an insurrection of slavesinsurrection of slaves
John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid Oct. 16, 1859Oct. 16, 1859
Brown took control Brown took control of the arsenalof the arsenal
U.S. Marines U.S. Marines captured himcaptured him
Tried and executedTried and executed
Brown’s Statement to the Brown’s Statement to the CourtCourt
““I believe that to have interfered as I I believe that to have interfered as I have done . . . I have done no wrong, have done . . . I have done no wrong, but right. Now it is deemed but right. Now it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of for the furtherance of the ends of justice and mingle my blood . . . With justice and mingle my blood . . . With the blood of millions in this slave the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel and unjust by wicked, cruel and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done!”enactments, I say, let it be done!”
Southern ResponseSouthern Response
Believed northerners were plotting Believed northerners were plotting the murder of slaveownersthe murder of slaveowners
Georgia Senator Robert Toombs, Georgia Senator Robert Toombs, “Defend yourselves! The enemy is “Defend yourselves! The enemy is at your door!”at your door!”