essential question: how did the end of world war i...
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• Essential Question:–How did the end of World War I change
America in the 1920s?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 10.1: –Clicker Preview Questions–“America in the 1920s” notes–Today’s HW: 20.1 and 20.2–Unit 10 Test: Monday, February 4
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Participation in WWI transformed the United States in the 1920s:
The USA was the richest and most developed
country in the world
Mass production, high wages,
new consumer goods and forms of
entertainment labeled the decade the
“Roaring Twenties”
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In 1920, Americans elected Republican Warren Harding who promised a “return to normalcy”
“America’s present need is not heroics, but healing;
not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration”
—President Warren Harding
Quick Class Discussion: What would a
“return to normalcy” mean for America after World War I?
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What do these images reveal about America in the 1920s?
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What do these images reveal about America in the 1920s?
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In the 1920s, American foreign policy “returned to normal” by embracing isolationism
The U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles and never joined the
League of Nations
Many citizens felt the U.S. was “duped” into joining WWI and became
committed to neutrality
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However, U.S. isolationism was selective because the USA did play a role in world affairs
The USA loaned European nations billions of dollars to help rebuild after WWI
The U.S. hosted a naval conference aimed to reduce the military
strength of all nations
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The USA joined other world powers in a commitment
to world peace by signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact
Member nations
However, U.S. isolationism was selective because the USA did play a role in world affairs
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What does this image and quote reveal about America in the 1920s?
“The chief business
of the American people is business.”
—President
Calvin Coolidge, 1925
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In the 1920s, Republican presidents were elected
(Harding, Coolidge, Hoover) who helped America
“return to normalcy” by using pro-business policies
Republicans kept taxes low so Americans could spend
their wages
Republican presidents kept government interference in business to a minimum to allow private enterprise
to flourish
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Pro-business policies meant no new progressive reforms
Americans felt confident that reforms had
limited the influence of monopolies,
cleaned up cities, and regulated the economy
As workers’ wages rose and their hours declined, Americans were happy to spend
their money
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What do these images reveal about America in the 1920s?
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Pro-business policies and mass production techniques developed during WWI led to an industrial revolution in
consumer goods
Industrial growth led to high wages for
workers and cheap products for
Americans to buy
The appetite for consumer goods and
availability of cheap credit
led to a decade of spending called the Roaring Twenties
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Henry Ford’s mass production techniques made automobiles affordable for many Americans
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The 1920s led to an era of mass entertainment in
movies, music, and sports
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What do these images reveal about America
in the 1920s?
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By 1920, more people lived in
cities than in rural areas due to the industrial
revolution, mass immigration, and jobs
during World War I
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The dominance of urban America divided society
Urban society was characterized by
diversity, consumerism, freedom, entertainment
Rural society was characterized by religious fundamentalism, nativism,
and tradition
The values of these 2 societies clashed in the 1920s
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1. Provide a brief overview of the topic
2. Use the image gallery provided to highlight specific examples from the background reading
3. All students in groups are expected to participate
4. After presentations, the teacher will provide notes
To understand the changes that took place in America in the 1920s, student groups will research 1 theme of
the 1920s and provide a brief class presentation
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1920s: Consumerism
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The 1920s saw a burst of personal prosperity and consumer spending
Mass production led to a huge number of new products: Cars, electric
appliances, new fashions
Companies offered ways for consumers to buy on credit through monthly
installment plans
Advertising boomed to convince people to
spend their money
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1920s: Harlem Renaissance
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The Great Migration during WWI led to a concentration of African Americans in northern cities
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The Harlem Renaissance was the flourishing of black culture
Jazz blended African and European
musical traditions into a distinctly “American” style
of music
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were popular jazz
musicians
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The most popular author was Langston Hughes, who wrote poems and novels about black pride
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Harlem represented the “New Negro”: the idea that African Americans should freely express themselves, embrace their
culture, and strive for equality
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1920s: Women
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Women’s roles changed in the 1920s
In 1920, women gained the right to vote
(But, many women did not vote)
New fashion trends, voting rights, and more leisure time led to an increased sense of
freedom
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Advertisers sold products by targeting women’s sexuality and appearance
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Many young, unmarried women embraced their independence and sexuality as “flappers”
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“Flappers” popularized new women’s fashions like shorter hemlines, “bobbed” hair, and hats
Young women shocked traditional-minded women by smoking cigarettes, drinking
alcohol, dancing at clubs, using makeup…
…had sex outside of marriage
and dated boys without chaperones
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1920s: Literature
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The 1920s produced some of America’s most important literature
The “Lost Generation” authors including T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald rejected
war and criticized 1920 consumerism and conformity
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1920s: Sports
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Sports was a popular form of entrainment in the 1920s as Americans gained more leisure time and income
Baseball, boxing, and football were
popular sports
Radio broadcasts brought sporting events to national
audiences
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Baseball was segregated; Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson were Negro
League heroes
Sports gave Americans a new generation of heroes
Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees was the biggest sports
hero of the 1920s
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Heavyweight boxer Jack Dempsey was so popular, his fights set financial and attendance records in the 1920s
Other sports heroes of the 1920s include: Red Grange, Gertrude Ederle, Bobby Jones
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1920s: Movies and Radio
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Movies and radios were widely popular in the 1920sOver 500 stations connected the nation by
broadcasting music, sports, as well as news, religious, comedic, and dramatic programming 28
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Tin Pan Alley produced 90% of the popular music in the 1920s, focusing on ragtime, dance music, and jazz
Irving Berlin was the most popular of the ragtime
composers of the 1920s
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“Talking” movies helped grow Hollywood and celebrity movie stars
By 1929, over 100 million people went to
movies each week
“The Jazz Singer” was the first “talking” picture
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1920s: Transportation
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Automobiles transformed America
Henry Ford’s assembly line made cars affordable; By 1929, 1 of 5
Americans owned a car
Car manufacturing became the biggest industry in America
Cars gave people freedom and became a symbol of status
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New roads, gas stations, and shopping
centers were built
Country Club Plaza, the First
Shopping Center
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Airplanes captured the attention of Americans in the
1920s
In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first solo flight across the Atlantic
and became the biggest celebrity of the 1920s