essential question can too much freedom be a bad thing?
TRANSCRIPT
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
•CAN TOO MUCH FREEDOM BE A BAD
THING?
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Two levels of Government
• Each of the 13 colonies had their own state government
• Most of them did not want a powerful FEDERAL government telling them what to do
• The War convinced them that powerful FEDERAL govts lead to TYRANNY!
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America’s first Central Government
• Called the “Articles of Confederation”
• Made weak on PURPOSE! Why?– States wanted to be left
alone– They just fought a war
against a powerful government, they did not want another one
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FEDERAL Powers under the Articles of Confederation
• Declare war and make peace (had no army!!!)
• Make treaties with foreign countries
• Set up a post office
• WEAK! WEAK!WEAK!
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WEAKNESSES OF THE AOC• No Federal army or navy• No power to tax
• No power to control trade among the states
• No power to force states to do anything
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STRUCTURE OF THE ARTICLES
NO President or Executive Branch
White House
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STRUCTURE of the Articles of Confederation
NO FEDERAL Courts (Judicial Branch)
Only states had courts
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THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION FAIL
•WHY?
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Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
I. Currency Issues: Nobody trusted the money!
• EVERY STATE ISSUED ITS OWN MONEY.
• People were afraid to accept money from different states
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Why did the Articles fail?
II. Debt
• Congress could not tax the people
•Had to ask the states for money.
• Therefore, the U.S. was unable to pay its debts!
Examples:
- The U.S. owed a lot of money to FRANCE. No way to pay it.
- The U.S. had not paid many of their own soldiers!
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Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
III. International and Domestic Problems
• England kept forts in our territory
• Spain closed New Orleans
•FRANCE WANTED ITS LOANSREPAYED
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III. International and Domestic problems
• SHAYS REBELLION: Mass.Poor debtors rose up against weak state
governments. – Shays rebellion was crushed but it scared the rich:
• There were poor farmers in every colony. What if they all revolted??????????????
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The end of the A.o.C
• Shay’s Rebellion led to the a meeting in Philadelphia to “fix” the Articles of Confederation
55 Delegates meet PhiladelphiaIn 1787 instead of fixing the Articles they create a WHOLE NEWGOVERNMENT
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The ConstitutionPreamble
• The introduction to the Constitution is called the Preamble.
• The Preamble begins with the phrase “We the people…”
• This means that the government is based on the needs of the people.
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SELF TEST
• HOW COULD YOU SAY THAT DANIEL SHAYS CAUSED THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION?
• WHAT ARE THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT AND WHAT DO THEY DO?
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Three Branches of Government 1. The legislative - makes the
laws 2. The executive - enforces the
laws 3. The judicial - which interprets
the laws (judges the laws)
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Legislative Branch = Makes LAWS• Congress is made up of two Houses
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The House of Representatives: lower house
• Representation based on POPULATION– California (53) – Wyoming (1)
.
• Two year term.
• 435 members in the House of Representatives.
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The Senate: upper house• Two senators for each state = 100
Senators.
• Must be at least 30 years old.
• Six year term.
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The Executive Branch: Enforces the Law
• Headed by the president.
• Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
• He is elected by the ELECTORAL COLLEGE not the people directly
• George Bush (2000) had less popular votes than Al Gore, but more electoral votes
# OF ELECTORS PER STATE =
# OF SENATORS + # OF REPRESENTATIVES
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The President• Elected to a four year term.
• Can only serve two terms (or ten years).
• Must be a citizen by birth
• Must be at least 35 years old.
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The Judicial Branch: Interpret the Law• Headed by the Supreme Court.
• #1 Job: Interpret the Constitution.
• 9 Supreme Court justices,
• Appointed for life.
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Checks and Balances• Built in system to prevent any one branch
government from getting too powerful.
• Example
President can veto laws
Congress can override vetoes
Supreme Court can declare constitutionality
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Federalism• Two governments: STATE and the
FEDERAL government.
• Two governments existing at the same time is called Federalism.
• State law cannot contradict federal law.
• THE CONSTITUTION IS THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND
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Amendments
• A change in the Constitution
• There have been 27 amendments added to the Constitution.
• The first 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights.