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ESSD_REDTRANSCRIPT
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
Chances and risks of REDD regarding climate change and the
role of the European Union
European Seminar on Sustainable Development Sinaia, Romania
April 2013 Group RED
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
1. Problem: Climate change and global warming
• Forestry sector responsible for 20% of GHG emissions
• Deforestation as a main contributer
• 47% of all forests located in humid tropics
• Logging and land use change as income source for indigenous people
• Discrepancy between economic and ecologic interests
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
2. Option: Mitigation – REDD and REDD+
• UN-Programme: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)
• Enhanced by aspects of sustainable development (REDD+)
• Compensating opportunity cost from avoiding deforestation and forest degradation
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
Group members
• Tutor: Sebastian Gebauer Expert: Daniel Otto
Marion Balthasar FernUniversität in Hagen
Germany Environmental Sciences
Mark Janssen Open Universiteit The Netherlands
Environmental Sciences
Veronique Kussé Universiteit Antwerpen
Belgium Environmental Sciences
David R. Maas Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Germany Business Administration/
Sustainability Sciences
Tilman Stechele FernUniverstität in Hagen
Germany Environmental Sciences
Jacqueline Steindl Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Austria Teacher Studies
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3a. Research: Research Questions
How can the European Union foster a global agreement on REDD that contributes to climate change mitigation and sustainable development?
– How is REDD built and what are the coherences within SD?
– What are the different stakeholders and what is the EU's position?
– Which action has been done by and in the EU and how can they be enhanced?
– What are the problems and risks related to the introduction and maintenance of REDD?
– What are the achievements and chances of REDD in terms of its status quo and further development?
• Hypotheses
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3b. Research: Method
• Literature based
• Application of the four module approach (Parker et al. 2009) – Scope
– Reference level
– Financing
– Distribution
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3c. Research: The Four Module Approach
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3d. The Four Module Approach - Financing
• Direct-market approach
– Usage of REDD CERs
– REDD credits very cheap
• Market-linked approach
– E.g. auctioning of credits
• Fund-based approach
– Voluntary or compulsory
– Constraint in usage
– E.g. UN-REDD Programme Fund, FCPF funds, …
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3e. The Four Module Approach – Phased approach
Source: BMZ, Ready for REDD 2011
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3f. Research: The Four Module Approach
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
3g. The Four Module Approach - Distribution
Source: Parker et al. 2009
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4. Answers: How REDD is built.
• No global mechanism yet
• Most actions take sustainable aspects in consideration (REDD+).
• Actions mostly implemented on a national level. Also efforts on sub-national level.
• Actions publicly funded. Mostly fund-based, phased approach being implemented.
• Negotiations on all factors are going on.
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4a. Answers: The coherences within SD
• Ecologic: Supports climate change mitigation
• Social: Cooperation with indigenous people
• Economic: Change to a greener economy
• Reduced deforestation and forest degradation will improve quality of life for current and future generations in developed and developing countries.
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4b. Answers: The stakeholders
• United Nations Organization
• Funding governments
• European Union
• Receiving governments
• The private sector
• NGOs
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
Global Not specified
Canada USA
Norway
Japan
Funding Governments
Australia
The EU AOSIS
Receiving Governments
CfRN COMIFAC
Others
UNO
Brazil
Indonesia
Time
Subnational National
Scale
TCG (Indonesia)
TNC
Key:
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
RED
Canada
USA
Norway
Japan
Australia
The EU
AOSIS
CfRN
COMIFAC
UNO Brazil
Indonesia
Financing
REDD+ REDD
Scope TCG*
TNC*
Phased Approach
* Additional Distribution
Mechanism
Funding Governments
Receiving Governments
Others
Key:
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4c. Answers: The EU‘s position and its actions
• Hesitation / reluctance: Integration of REDD carbon credits within the EU ETS
• Difficult negotiation position:
– Internal governance problem
– External credibility problem
• Actions: EU REDD Facility, FLEGT (and several others)
• Enhancements
– Development of coherent opinion on REDD
– Establishment of a better negotiation position
– Promotion of a global mechanism for REDD
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4d. Answers: REDD in practice
Source: REDD Monitor
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4e. Answers: Problems and risks
• Case study: Indonesia
• Conflicting policies
• Weak government
• Tenure problems
• Mechanism related aspects
– Rule enforcement
– MRV
– Targeting of financing
• Role of indigenous people
• REDD fatigue Source: REDD Monitor
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4f. Answers: Achievements and chances
• Case study: Brazil
• Strong government
• Redistribution of work to a sub-national level
• Supporting citizens
• Consequent law enforcement Source: REDD Monitor
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
4g. Answers: How can the EU foster a global agreement on REDD that contributes to climate change mitigation and SD?
• Improvement of EU’s difficult negotiation position
• Global agreement needed
• REDD can be an effective policy to mitigate climate change and promote SD
12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
European Seminar on Sustainable Development
5. Testing of hypotheses
1) REDD is an efficient and effective policy to counteract climate change on a global level.
2) The EU can play a decisive role with regard to a successful implementation of REDD by providing financial resources and knowledge, alongside participation in framing, furthering and maintaining the necessary policy.
3) REDD offers economic alternatives to destructive land use practices to developing countries.