español i€¦ · -er verbs infinitives ending in –er examples of –er verbs: comer – to eat...
TRANSCRIPT
Español I
Conjugating regular verbs in the present tense
Important terms: Verb – action word in the sentence.
Infinitive – form of the verb before conjugation, “to ______”; most basic form of a verb; verb without a subject
Conjugation – changing the form of the verb to agree with the subject; gives the verb a subject
Subject – person or thing performing the action of the verb.
Pronoun – word that replaces a noun.
There are three kinds of verbs in Spanish:
-AR verbs
-ER verbs
-IR verbs
-AR verbs
Infinitives ending in –ar
Examples of –ar verbs:
Hablar – to speak
Trabajar – to work
Visitar – to visit
Cantar – to sing
-ER verbs
Infinitives ending in –er
Examples of –er verbs:
Comer – to eat
Beber – to drink
Leer – to read
Aprender – to learn
-IR verbs
Infinitives that end in –ir
Examples of –ir verbs:
Vivir – to live
Escribir – to write
Recibir – to receive
Abrir – to open
Every verb in Spanish has six forms.
The six forms of the verb are inserted into six “persons” on a verb chart.
1st Person singular
1st Person Plural
2nd Person Singular 2nd Person Plural
3rd Person Singular 3rd Person Plural
The subject pronouns are then divided into six groups, according to which form of
the verb they use.
Subject Pronouns:
SINGULAR
Yo = I
Tú = You (familiar,
informal)
Usted/ Ud. = You (formal)
Él = He
Ella = She
PLURAL
Nosotros/as = We
Vosotros/as = You all (familiar, informal)
Ustedes/ Uds. = You all (for)
Ellos = They (masc, masc/femn together)
Ellas = They (fem)
The subject pronouns are inserted into the “persons” of the verb chart:
Yo I [used only when referring to yourself]
Nosotros/as We [used when you’re referring to yourself & someone else together]
Tú You [informal] [used when you’re talking to someone you know well]
Vosotros/as Y’all [inf.] [used when you’re talking to a group you know well]
Usted (Ud.) You [formal]
[used when you’re talking to someone you don’t know well]
Él He; Ella She [used when you’re talking about someone…Juan, la chica; replaces any singular noun]
Ustedes (Uds.) You all [formal; talking to a group you don’t know well]
Ellos They [masc/femn]
Ellas They [femn only] [used when talking about a group; replaces any plural noun]
Each kind of verb has a set of six endings, one for each “person”: -AR verbs
-O
-AMOS
-AS
-ÁIS
-A
-AN
Each kind of verb has a set of six endings, one for each “person”: -ER verbs
-O
-EMOS
-ES
-ÉIS
-E
-EN
Each kind of verb has a set of six endings, one for each “person”: -IR verbs
-O
-IMOS
-ES
-ÍS
-E
-EN
There are three steps to conjugating a verb in Spanish:
Remove: remove the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) from the verb stem.
Locate: find the subject of the verb (I, he, they etc.) in a person in the correct verb chart (-ar, -er, -ir) for the kind of verb you are using.
Replace: replace the infinitive ending with the new ending found in the person in the verb chart by attaching it to the verb stem.
You want to say “I speak”...
To speak = Hablar
Follow the three steps using the
–AR chart.
Step One: Remove
HABL AR
Leaves the verb stem...
Step Two: Locate on the verb chart.
Yo Nosotros
Tú Vosotros
Usted (Ud)
Él
Ella
Ustedes
Ellos
Ellas
“I”
=
Step Three: Replace
-O
-AMOS
-AS
-ÁIS
-A
-AN
-O
HABL
O
YO HABLO = I SPEAK
“She eats”.... COMER = to eat
Yo Nosotros
Tú Vosotros
Usted (Ud)
Él
Ella
Ustedes
Ellos
Ellas
She
“She eats”...
-O
-EMOS
-ES
-ÉIS
-E
-EN She
= COM
E
ER
She eats = Ella come
Complete verb chart for: Hablar – To speak
-O
-AMOS
-AS
-ÁIS
-A
-AN
Hablo
Hablas
Habla
Hablamos
Habláis
Hablan
Complete verb chart for: Comer – To eat
-O
-EMOS
-ES
-ÉIS
-E
-EN
Como
Comes
Come
Comemos
Coméis
Comen
Complete verb chart for: Vivir – To live
-O
-IMOS
-ES
-ÍS
-E
-EN
Vivo
Vives
Vive
Vivimos
Vivís
Viven
¿Cómo se dice “We live”?
Nosotros vivimos
¿Cómo se dice “You (fam) sing”?
Tú cantas
¿Cómo se dice “They (mas) read”?
Ellos leen
¡Muy bien!
¡Adiós!
EL FIN